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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thomas Hobbes (4)
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-Human nature is cruel, griddy and selfish
-Government should be absolute -People should surrender their natural rights -People cannot revel against ruler |
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John Locke (4)
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-Human nature is good
-Government should always protect natural rights of people -Government should never be absolute -People can overthrow ruler if violated their rights |
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Baron de Montesquieu (2)
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-Separation of powers is important to have each of them check and balance on each other
-Legislative, Judicial, Executive |
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau (4)
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-People are naturally good but corrupted by society
-Community over individual: social contract provides each of them with freedom when they are united together -Ideal government has the general will of people in mind -Believes that there is a divine plan on Earth (Theodicy) |
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Voltaire (4)
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-Deist: God created the world and stepped back
-Existentialism: People are living in an absurd, meaningless and indifferent world -People should think for themselves using 'reason' to 'reform society' -Gives out reality to emphasize that people should not stand still and wait till God saves us; we should be able to help ourselves |
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Thomas Jefferson (2)
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-American Locke (says the same things... he is almost plagiarizing him :P)
-Government should operate by people's will and therefore people have the right to overthrow a bad functioning ruler |
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Immanuel Kant (2)
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-When people stop being dependent on others' decision for them, Enlightenment era will end
-People should be able to 'reason' for themselves |
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Marquis de Condorcet (4)
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-Idealist
-Perfection of humankind can be obtained if equality among nations is achieved -Humans can have morality without religion and so humans should rule the world without divine hand -Tyranny, prejudice, intolerance are "enemies of reason" |
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Enlightenment main beliefs (3)
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-Human mind is able to reason things out by themselves
-Everybody has natural rights which cannot be taken away -Desire to reform society |
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Satire
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An exaggerated piece such as novels which are created to make fun of politicians, scientists, philosophers etc. This kind emphasizes on readers that they should change how it is right now
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Natural Law
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Law that governs human nature; when understood can be applied to change society
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Philosophe
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Enlightenment thinkers who applied scientific knowledge to understand and improve society
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Physiocrat
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Enlightenment thinkers who applied scientific knowledge to define a rational economics system
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Laissez-faire
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Type of trade which do not have government interference
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Natural Rights
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The rights every human-being has from birth, including property, life and liberty
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Social Contract
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The agreement in which people submit their natural state to organization
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Free Market
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Market where people could trade with any individuals and in which natural forces of supply and demand were imposed. If an individual sank, it would sink alone without any affect to others
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Constitutional Government
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A government whose power is restricted by law
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Absolutism
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A type of government in which a single person or group of persons are given total control over the population, and therefore the people surrender their natural rights and cannot put their opinion on anything
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Separation of Powers
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If powers on a government are separated, they can check on each and therefore balance their strength
(by Montesquieu) |
