Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
576 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Government where the power of the crown is unchecked.
|
Absolute Monarchy
|
|
|
|
Another name for the Age of Monarchs.
|
Age of Absolutism.
|
|
|
|
Strongest nation in Europe during the 1500s and early 1600s.
|
Spain
|
|
|
|
Was both the Holy Roman Emperor and the king of Spain.
|
Charles V
|
|
|
|
Dynasty of Charles V and Philip II.
|
Hapsburg
|
|
|
|
When Charles V divided his empire his son Phillip II became _________.
|
King of Spain
|
|
|
|
Strongest monarch during Spanish supremacy
|
Philip II
|
|
|
|
He used wealth (gold & silver) from colonies to build the largest and strongest army in Europe.
|
Philip II
|
|
|
|
Philip II saw Spain as the defender of the __________.
|
Catholic Faith
|
|
|
|
He involved Spain in wars against the enemies of Catholicism. (Protestants, Muslims etc.)
|
Philip II
|
|
|
|
Philip II attempted to force all non-Catholics to ________________.
|
convert or leave Spain
|
|
|
|
Was used as a reign of terror to extract all non-catholic elements from Spain.
|
Spanish Inquisition
|
|
|
|
Jews in Spain who had been baptized to escape persecution.
|
Marranos
|
|
|
|
Muslims in Spain who had converted to escape persecution.
|
Moriscos
|
|
|
|
This source of wealth enabled Spain to become the strongest nation in Europe.
|
American Colonies
|
|
|
|
Philip II unsuccessfully tried to crush a revolt in the Protestant _____________.
|
Dutch Netherlands
|
|
|
|
Came to power after his victory in the Wars of the Roses.
|
Henry VII
|
|
|
|
First Tudor Monarch.
|
Henry VII
|
|
|
|
Monarchs became more powerful as ______.
|
Nobles became weaker.
|
|
|
|
English monarchs were not _______.
|
absolute in their rule.
|
|
|
|
English monarchs did increase their power by __________.
|
avoiding war.
|
|
|
|
English monarch who broke with the Catholic Church.
|
Henry VIII
|
|
|
|
Monarch who brought Protestant doctrines into English Church.
|
Edward VI
|
|
|
|
Monarch that restored Catholicism to England.
|
Mary I (Bloody Mary)
|
|
|
|
Philip II's English rival.
|
Elizabeth I
|
|
|
|
Ruled England from 1558 to 1603.
|
Elizabeth I
|
|
|
|
English captains that captured Spanish Treasure ships.
|
Sea Dogs
|
|
|
|
In the conflict between Protestants & Catholics Elizabeth I took a ___________.
|
moderate position
|
|
|
|
Plotted to overthrow Elizabeth I
|
Mary Stuart (Queen of Scots)
|
|
|
|
Had Mary Queen of Scots executed.
|
Elizabeth I
|
|
|
|
Aided Dutch Protestants in their revolt against Spain.
|
Elizabeth I
|
|
|
|
Sent by Philip II to defeat England.
|
Spanish Armada
|
|
|
|
Defeated the Spanish Armada (big upset)
|
Sea Dogs
|
|
|
|
Defeat of the Spanish Armada (date)
|
A.D. 1588
|
|
|
|
The beginning of Spanish decline and the rise of England was the _____.
|
defeat of the Armada
|
|
|
|
They wished to eliminate Catholic practices in the Church of England.
|
Puritans
|
|
|
|
It struggled with Elizabeth I for control of England.
|
Parliament
|
|
|
|
They were a minority in the English population and opposed Elizabeth I in Parliament.
|
Puritans
|
|
|
|
England's Golden Age.
|
Elizabethan Era
|
|
|
|
Leading figure of England's Golden Age of Literature.
|
William Shakespeare
|
|
|
|
Succeeded Elizabeth I
|
James I
|
|
|
|
First Stuart King
|
James I
|
|
|
|
James I believed kings were answerable _____.
|
only to God
|
|
|
|
James I commissioned the writing of the _____.
|
King James Bible
|
|
|
|
Succeeded James I
|
Charles I
|
|
|
|
Charles I tried to strengthen the monarchy by repeatedly _____.
|
dissolving Parliament
|
|
|
|
Parliament and English kings fought over_____.
|
religion and money
|
|
|
|
The idea that royal power is granted by God.
|
Divine Right of Kings
|
|
|
|
His reign ended in England's civil war
|
Charles I
|
|
|
|
It was fought over who should rule England: Monarch or Parliament.
|
English Civil War
|
|
|
|
Those who supported Charles I in the English Civil War
|
Cavaliers
|
|
|
|
Those who supported Parliament in the English Civil War
|
Roundheads
|
|
|
|
Roundheads were mainly _____.(religion)
|
Puritans
|
|
|
|
Led the Puritan army to victory in the English Civil War.
|
Oliver Cromwell
|
|
|
|
After the English Civil war parliament tried to ______.
|
dissolve the army
|
|
|
|
After refusing to dissolve the English army _______.
|
purged parliament
|
|
|
|
English parliament after the purge.
|
Rump Parliament
|
|
|
|
The Rump Parliament tried and executed _________.
|
Charles I
|
|
|
|
Cromwell drove out the Rump Parliament and set up a ________.
|
military dictatorship
|
|
|
|
Name for Cromwell's military dictatorship
|
Protectorate
|
|
|
|
Cromwell's dictatorship enforced a _______.
|
Puritan moral Code
|
|
|
|
Cromwell brutally suppressed a rebellion in___.
|
Ireland
|
|
|
|
Succeeded his father as Lord Protector of England.
|
Richard Cromwell
|
|
|
|
Richard Cromwell was deposed by a ________.
|
Military coup
|
|
|
|
He was invited by Parliament to come back from exile and become king.
|
Charles II
|
|
|
|
The return of Charles II as King of England
|
Restoration
|
|
|
|
Restoration date
|
A.D. 1660
|
|
|
|
The Restoration gave England a ______.
|
Constitutional monarchy
|
|
|
|
A monarchy limited by a constitution.
|
Constitutional Monarchy
|
|
|
|
Time of reaction to Puritan rule.
|
Restoration period
|
|
|
|
Brother and successor to Charles II.
|
James II
|
|
|
|
James II's religion
|
Catholic
|
|
|
|
Party OPPOSED to James II's succession to the throne
|
Whigs
|
|
|
|
Party that SUPPORTED James II's succession to the throne
|
Tories
|
|
|
|
English feared that James II would make Catholicism the _______.
|
State Religion
|
|
|
|
The Whigs and the Tories invited him to overthrow James II.
|
William of Orange
|
|
|
|
Gave up his throne and fled England without a fight
|
James II
|
|
|
|
Name for the bloodless deposing of James II.
|
Glorious Revolution
|
|
|
|
Ruled England as joint rulers after the Glorious Revolution.
|
William and Mary
|
|
|
|
Date of the Glorious Revolution
|
AD 1688
|
|
|
|
He believed governments were created to protect people from their own selfishness.
|
Thomas Hobbes
|
|
|
|
He did NOT believe people ever had the right to revolt.
|
Thomas Hobbes
|
|
|
|
Form of government advocated by Thomas Hobbes.
|
Absolute Monarchy
|
|
|
|
Theory used to justify Absolute rule prior to Hobbes.
|
Divine Right
|
|
|
|
He believed people had Natural Rights to life, liberty, and property.
|
John Locke
|
|
|
|
John Locke believed that if people's natural rights were not protected they had the ______.
|
right to revolt
|
|
|
|
First Bourbon King
|
Henry of Navarre/Henry IV
|
|
|
|
Established the Edict Nantes
|
Henry IV
|
|
|
|
Real Ruler during the reign of Louis XIII
|
Cardinal Richelieu
|
|
|
|
Involved Catholic France in the 30 years war on the side of the protestants.
|
Cardinal Richelieu
|
|
|
|
Was triggered by a rebellion of Czech protestants.
|
Thirty Years War
|
|
|
|
Started over religion ended up over the balance of power.
|
Thirty Years War
|
|
|
|
Ended the 30 years war.
|
Treaty of Westphalia
|
|
|
|
Made France the strongest country in Europe
|
Treaty of Westphalia
|
|
|
|
Defacto ruler of France during the early reign of Louis XIV
|
Mazarin
|
|
|
|
Louis XIV Minister of Finance
|
Colbert
|
|
|
|
Belief that a nation's wealth was determined by the amount of gold and silver in its treasury.
|
Mercantilism
|
|
|
|
Greater exports than imports
|
favorable balance of trade
|
|
|
|
Economic philosophy of the 16th to 18th centuries.
|
Mercantilism
|
|
|
|
A tax on imports
|
Protective tariff
|
|
|
|
Sun King
|
Louis XIV
|
|
|
|
Ruled France from 1643 to 1715
|
Louis XIV
|
|
|
|
He weakened the power of the nobles by inviting them to live in Luxury in his palace.
|
Louis XIV
|
|
|
|
Strongest French Monarch
|
Louis XIV
|
|
|
|
Gave French Protestants religious freedom in 1598.
|
Edict of Nantes
|
|
|
|
In 1685 Louis XIV revoked the _______.
|
Edict of Nantes
|
|
|
|
When it was revoked many skilled workers left France.
|
Edict of Nantes
|
|
|
|
Strongest nation in Europe during the 1600's
|
France
|
|
|
|
Small nations band together to keep a strong nation from dominating.
|
Balance of Power
|
|
|
|
War fought to Keep Louis XIV's grandson off the throne of Spain
|
War of Spanish Succession
|
|
|
|
Ended the War of Spanish Succession
|
Treaty of Utrecht
|
|
|
|
Broke French Treasury and military power
|
War of Spanish Succession
|
|
|
|
Prevented the alliance of France and Spain
|
Treaty of Utrecht
|
|
|
|
His policies brought France near financial ruin and created class conflict
|
Louis XIV
|
|
|
|
In 1650 Russia was an isolated and _________.
|
backward country
|
|
|
|
Title of the Russian ruler.
|
Czar
|
|
|
|
Czar who worked to modernize Russia
|
Peter the Great
|
|
|
|
Peter the Great was an ________.
|
absolute monarch
|
|
|
|
Peter fought the Swedes and the Turks to gain a ________.
|
warm water port
|
|
|
|
Peter the Great built the new capital of Russia_______.
|
St. Petersburg
|
|
|
|
Convinced European Monarchs to accept the Pragmatic Sanction
|
Charles VI
|
|
|
|
Allowed Maria Theresa to inherit the Throne of Austria
|
Pragmatic Sanction
|
|
|
|
Carried Tax Burden during the reign of Louis XIV.
|
Poor
|
|
|
|
Dynasty that ruled Prussia during the Age of Monarchs.
|
Hohenzollern
|
|
|
|
Elector of Brandenburg, builds strong standing army, forms an alliance with the Junkers.
|
Frederick William the Great Elector
|
|
|
|
Hohenzollern formula for success
|
Build a stronger army
|
|
|
|
Prussian Nobles
|
Junkers
|
|
|
|
First to be called King of Prussia
|
Frederick the First
|
|
|
|
Centralized Prussian Government. Made Prussian army the most efficient fighting force in Europe.
|
Frederick William I
|
|
|
|
Sergeant King
|
Frederick William I
|
|
|
|
Most powerful ruler in Prussian History
|
Frederick the Great
|
|
|
|
He rejected the Pragmatic Sanction and started the war of Austrian Succession
|
Frederick the Great
|
|
|
|
Ended the War of Austrian succession
|
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
|
|
|
|
Maria Theresa keeps the throne of Austria, Austria loses Silesia.
|
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
|
|
|
|
Austria switches from an alliance with England to an alliance with France and Russia.
|
Diplomatic Revolution
|
|
|
|
Pulled off the Diplomatic Revolution.
|
Maria Theresa
|
|
|
|
Starts as a struggle between Austria & Prussia becomes a struggle between England & France.
|
Seven Years War
|
|
|
|
Name of the Seven Years war in America
|
French and Indian War
|
|
|
|
Ended the Seven Years War.
|
Treaty of Paris
|
|
|
|
Gained most French Colonial lands in North America from the Treaty of Paris
|
England
|
|
|
|
Date of the Treaty of Paris
|
AD 1763
|
|
|
|
Intellectual movembent of the 17th & 18th centuries.
|
Enlightenment
|
|
|
|
The Enlightenment celebrated the powers of ______.
|
Human Reason
|
|
|
|
Enlightenment thinkers promoted religious ____________.
|
toleration
|
|
|
|
Enlightenment thinkers soghtoconstruct government free of_____________.
|
tyranny
|
|
|
|
Enlightenment thinkers believed all problem could be solved with__________.
|
reason
|
|
|
|
The Enlightenment was prompted b the __________.
|
Scientific Revolution
|
|
|
|
Sun is the center of the Solar System.
|
Helicentric theory
|
|
|
|
He devoloped the Heliocentric theory.
|
Copernicus
|
|
|
|
He developed a telescope and supported the Helicentric theory.
|
Galileo
|
|
|
|
Probably more responsible for the development of scientific method than an other individual.
|
Galileo Galilei
|
|
|
|
Galileo was forced to recant by the ____________.
|
Catholic Church
|
|
|
|
Demonstrated that planets move in ellipses/ovals.
|
Johannes Kepler
|
|
|
|
His discoveries changed the view of the universe more than anyone else's
|
Isaac Newton
|
|
|
|
He laid the foundations for the scientific theories that susquently revolutionized the world
|
Isaac Newton
|
|
|
|
Newtn developed the theory of ____________.
|
Gravity
|
|
|
|
Newton discovered that the universe is governed by__________.
|
natural laws
|
|
|
|
Newton's discoveries led people o view the universe as _________.
|
mechanical
|
|
|
|
he developed Calculus.
|
Isaac Newton
|
|
|
|
Hobbes, Locke& Rousseau were all considered _________.
|
social contract theorists
|
|
|
|
He believed governments were created to protect people from their own selfishness.
|
Thomas Hobbes
|
|
|
|
He did not believe people ever had the right to revolt.
|
Thomas Hobbes
|
|
|
|
He believed human nature was characterized by violence and disorder.
|
Thomas Hobbes
|
|
|
|
Form of Gorernment advocated by Thomas Hobbes.
|
Absolute Monarchy
|
|
|
|
He believed people had Natural Rights to life, liberty and property.
|
John Locke
|
|
|
|
John Locke believed the foundation of Government was a __________.
|
Social Contract
|
|
|
|
John Locke Believed that if people's natural rights were not protected they had the_________.
|
Right to revolt
|
|
|
|
First writer to put together in coheent form the basic ideas of constitutional democracy.
|
John Locke
|
|
|
|
John Locke wrote in defense of the___________.
|
Glorious Revolution
|
|
|
|
French Thinkers of the enlightenment.
|
Philosophes(not philosophers)
|
|
|
|
Philosophe who campaigned against intolerance.
|
Voltaire
|
|
|
|
Wrote Candide.
|
Voltaire
|
|
|
|
French auther: the apostle of freethinking and liberalism.
|
Voltaire
|
|
|
|
He combined enlightenment thinking into an Encyclopdia.
|
Diderot
|
|
|
|
Banned Diderot's Encyclopedia.
|
Catholic Church
|
|
|
|
Diderot was _________ for iswritings in the Encyclopedia.
|
imprisoned
|
|
|
|
Advocated a free market economy in the Wealth of Nations.
|
Adam Smith
|
|
|
|
Leading figure in the development of Economic Theory.
|
Adam Smith
|
|
|
|
Name for complete free market economy (leave it alone).
|
Laissez
|
|
|
|
He advocated a complete separation of powers.
|
Montesquieu
|
|
|
|
Influenced the writing of the American Constitution
|
Montesquieu
|
|
|
|
He believed the best way to protect people's liberties was by separating the power of government int legislative, executive and judicial branches.
|
Montesquieu
|
|
|
|
He argues that freedom is the birthright of all humans.
|
Rousseau
|
|
|
|
Criticized the enlightenment's excessive emphasis on reason.
|
Rousseau
|
|
|
|
He believed people needed to rely more on emotion and instinct
|
Rousseau
|
|
|
|
Author whose writings are said to have been a significant factor in the rise of socialism, nationalism, romanticism, totalitarianism and anti-rationalism.
|
Jean Jacques Rousseau
|
|
|
|
Meetings for the discussion of ideas.
|
Salons
|
|
|
|
He believed you should set aside traditional beliefs and rely on observation and experiment.
|
Francis Bacon
|
|
|
|
He was an early proponent of the scientific method.
|
Francis Bacon
|
|
|
|
First greeat philosopher to realize that science and technology could transform the world.
|
Francis Bacon
|
|
|
|
He believed you should doubt everything which cannont be proved.
|
Rene Descartes
|
|
|
|
Descarted believed in a search for truth one should start with faith, but with___________.
|
doubt
|
|
|
|
The only thing Descartes found that he could not doubt was his ________.
|
own existence
|
|
|
|
"I think therefore I am."
|
Rene Descartes
|
|
|
|
He was the first to place tat the center of philosophy the question: "How do I know"?
|
Rene Descartes
|
|
|
|
Doubt and question all ideas.
|
Skepticism
|
|
|
|
A denial of the possibility of knowledge
|
Skepticism
|
|
|
|
The skeptic sees all truth as being based on _______.
|
Presuppositions(assumptions)
|
|
|
|
Presuppositions/assumptions by nature can't be ___________.
|
Proved
|
|
|
|
He questioned value of human reason.
|
David Hume
|
|
|
|
Total skeptic.
|
David Hume
|
|
|
|
He denied that there was any logical basis for knowing that one thing caused another. Denied knowledge of cause & effect.
|
David Hume
|
|
|
|
He concluded that there was no necessary connections between any two events in the universe.
|
David Hume
|
|
|
|
He believed that reason could not be used to explain questions of metaphysics.
|
Immanuel Kant
|
|
|
|
Tries to answer ultimate and universal questions.
|
Metaphysics
|
|
|
|
Kant believed that things that cannot be perceived in ________ cannot be known.
|
experience
|
|
|
|
"Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it become a universal law."(only do that which you would be willing to make a universl law.)
|
Categorical Imperative
|
|
|
|
developed the Categorical Imperative as a guide for ethics
|
Immanuel Kant
|
|
|
|
The study of knowledge. (How we know?)
|
Epistemology
|
|
|
|
Study of being.
|
Ontology
|
|
|
|
Study of what is real.
|
Ontology
|
|
|
|
View that knowledge is derived from reason.
|
Rationalism
|
|
|
|
Working of the mind on mateial provided by the mind itself
|
Reason
|
|
|
|
Believed knowledge is a priori.
|
Rationalists
|
|
|
|
Truthat can be known WITHOUT observation.
|
a priori
|
|
|
|
They believe the human mind contains innate ideas.
|
Rationalists
|
|
|
|
Mind and the world are seen to be in conformity.
|
Rationalism
|
|
|
|
Descartes, Spinoza & Leibniz
|
Classical Rationalists
|
|
|
|
View that knowledge is derived from sense experience.(observation)
|
Empiricism
|
|
|
|
Believe knowledge is a posteriori.
|
Empiricists
|
|
|
|
Truth that can be established only through observation.
|
a posteriori
|
|
|
|
Locke, Berkeley and Hume.
|
Classical Empiricists
|
|
|
|
Rejects the existence of innate ideas.
|
Empiricism
|
|
|
|
Believe all knowledge is acquired by sense experience.
|
empiricists
|
|
|
|
John Locke believed the mind to be a __________.
|
Tabula rasa(blank slate)
|
|
|
|
Empiricists believe the mind can contain no knowledg which was not first contained in the ________.
|
senses
|
|
|
|
Religion based on reason and natural law.
|
Deism
|
|
|
|
Belief that God started the universe like a perfect clock and then left it alone.
|
Deism
|
|
|
|
Enlightenment's religion.
|
Deism
|
|
|
|
Some people reacted to Enlightenment and did not believe that _________ could explain the universe.
|
reason alone
|
|
|
|
In a religious reaction to the enlightenment people sought religions which emphasized the ________.
|
emotions
|
|
|
|
Founded the American Quaker Colony.
|
William Penn
|
|
|
|
William Penn and Quker advocated _________.
|
Pacifism
|
|
|
|
Opposition to the use of violence.
|
Pacifism
|
|
|
|
Inaugurated the liberal and democratic movementsof the 19th century.
|
French Revolution
|
|
|
|
France's institutions of Monarchy and Feudalism.
|
Old Regime
|
|
|
|
Name for Frence's social classes.
|
Estates
|
|
|
|
King of France at the beginning of the French Revolution.
|
Louis XVI
|
|
|
|
First Estate.
|
Catholic Clergy
|
|
|
|
Second Estate.
|
Noblility
|
|
|
|
Bourgeoisie, artisans, and peasants.
|
Third Estate
|
|
|
|
Middle Class
|
Bourgeoisie
|
|
|
|
Large Gap between the rich and the poor.
|
Cause of the French Revolution.
|
|
|
|
Heavy tax burden on the Third Estate.
|
Cause of the French Revolution.
|
|
|
|
First & Second Estate don’t pay taxes.
|
Cause of the French Revolution.
|
|
|
|
Enlightenment ideas of Freedom and Equality.
|
Cause of the French Revolution.
|
|
|
|
Growth of the middle class.
|
Cause of the French Revolution.
|
|
|
|
Wide spread famine.
|
Cause of the French Revolution.
|
|
|
|
In 1789 Louis XVI called a meeting of the _________.
|
Estates General.
|
|
|
|
The Estates General had not met in over _________.
|
150 years.
|
|
|
|
Louis XVI called the Estates General because he needed to _____.
|
raise money
|
|
|
|
Included all three estates.
|
Estates General.
|
|
|
|
Upper two estates wanted to vote as ______.
|
Estates
|
|
|
|
Third Estate wanted to vote as______.
|
delegates.
|
|
|
|
Voting as delegates would give power to the ________.
|
Third Estate
|
|
|
|
Louis XVI refused the Third Estate’s request for a _________.
|
Mass Meeting (voting as delegtes)
|
|
|
|
The Third Estate declared itself to be the _____________.
|
The National Convention.
|
|
|
|
Members of the National Assembly swore to remain in session until a constituion was completed.
|
Tennis court oath.
|
|
|
|
Ordered all three estates to negotiate in the National Assembly.
|
Louis XVI
|
|
|
|
Ordered Swiss troops to Paris.
|
Louis XVI
|
|
|
|
French Royal Prison.
|
Bastille.
|
|
|
|
Attacked by Parisians to defend the National Assembly.
|
Bastille.
|
|
|
|
Symbolic beginning of the French Revolution.
|
Storming of the Bastille.
|
|
|
|
Confusion and violence that followed the start of the rebellion.
|
The Great Fear.
|
|
|
|
Voted to end special privileges of Nobility & Clergy (Old Regime).
|
National Assembly.
|
|
|
|
Slogan of the Revolution.
|
“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”
|
|
|
|
National Assembly guaranteed freedom of speech, press, and religion.
|
“Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the citizen.”
|
|
|
|
In 1791 the National Assembly created a ________.
|
Limited Constitutional Monarchy.
|
|
|
|
Extreme radicals who demanded “true democracy.”
|
Jacobins.
|
|
|
|
Unpopular Queen of France.
|
Marie Antoinette
|
|
|
|
National Assembly declared war on ________.
|
Austria
|
|
|
|
Joined Austria in war against France.
|
Prussia
|
|
|
|
Seized control of Assembly remove king from office.
|
Jacobins.
|
|
|
|
Jacobins killed people they claimed were _____________.
|
Counter-revolutionaries
|
|
|
|
Called by Radicals to rewrite French Constitution.
|
National Assembly.
|
|
|
|
National Convention abolished _____.
|
Monarchy
|
|
|
|
National Convention declared France a _______.
|
Republic
|
|
|
|
Convicted of Treason and executed by the National Convention.
|
Louis XVI
|
|
|
|
Alliance of European countries against France.
|
First Coalition
|
|
|
|
Because of threats from within, and without, the Convention formed the ____________.
|
Committee of Public Safety
|
|
|
|
Jacobin became the head of the Committee of Public Safety.
|
Robespierre
|
|
|
|
To stop counter-revolution the committee began the ________.
|
Reign of Terror
|
|
|
|
500,000 people arrested, 40,000 executed on guillotine.
|
Reign of Terror
|
|
|
|
Used by committee to deal with invading armies.
|
Mass Moblization
|
|
|
|
Whole society helps to defeat enemy.
|
Mass Moblization
|
|
|
|
Members of the Convention turned on him because they feared for their own safety.
|
Robespierre
|
|
|
|
Was himself guillotined along with many followers.
|
Robespierre
|
|
|
|
Robespierre’s death ended the _________.
|
Reign of Terror
|
|
|
|
Took control of the Convention after the Reign of Terror.
|
Bourgeoisie
|
|
|
|
Conservative Government set up by the Convention after the end of the Reign of Terror.
|
The Directory.
|
None
|
|
|
Put in Command of France’s armies by the Directory.
|
Napoleon.
|
|
|
|
Seized power from the Directory in a Coup d’ etat.
|
Napoleon.
|
|
|
|
Quick overthrow of government by a small group.
|
Coup d’ etat.
|
|
|
|
As first Consul of the French Republic Napoleon assumed ____.
|
Dictoral powers.
|
|
|
|
Used soldiers to restore order to France.
|
Napoleon.
|
|
|
|
Napoleon was able to get the backing of French Catholics and the ____.
|
Pope
|
None
|
|
|
Made the law clear and consistent in France.
|
Napoleonic code
|
|
|
|
Bonaparte became Emperor Napoleon I by __________.
|
The will of the people
|
|
|
|
Napoleon expanded his empire to include most of ________.
|
Europe
|
|
|
|
British Admiral who defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Trafalgar.
|
Horatio Nelson.
|
|
|
|
Because of his defeat in the Battle of Trafalgar,
Napoleon gave up on _____. |
Invading Britain
|
None
|
|
|
Napoleon tried to keep British goods out of __________.
|
European ports
|
|
|
|
Napoleon invaded it because it refused to stop
selling goods to Britain. |
Russia.
|
None
|
|
|
Was a disaster because of winter conditions.
|
Napoleon's invasion of Russia.
|
|
|
|
Tactic used by Russians against Napoleon.
|
Scorcehd-earth.
|
|
|
|
On retreat from Russia Napoleon lost _______.
|
4/5 of his troops
|
|
|
|
Grand Alliance defeats Napoleon at Leipzig Germany.
|
Battle of Nations.
|
|
|
|
After the Battle of Nations the Grand Alliance took Paris and exiled Napoleon to _________.
|
Elba
|
None
|
|
|
Napoleon escaped Elba and upon returning to France______.
|
won widespread support
|
|
|
|
Napoleon’s brief comeback.
|
The 100 days.
|
|
|
|
Napoleon’s final defeat to Britain and Prussia.
|
Waterloo.
|
|
|
|
After Waterloo Napoleon was exiled to _________.
|
St. Helana
|
|
|
|
Rapid Industrial growth that began in England in the mid 1700s
|
Industrial Revolution
|
|
|
|
The Industrial Revolution began in _______.
|
Great Britain
|
|
|
|
The Industrial Revolution began during the middle of the ________.
|
18th Century
|
|
|
|
The Industrial Revolution brought on a rapid concentration of ________.
|
people in cities
|
|
|
|
Changed the nature of work for many people
|
Industrial Revolution
|
|
|
|
Rise of urban industrial economies during 1700s & 1800s
|
Industrial Revolution
|
|
|
|
Public lands where farmers gathered wood grazed livestock, and raised crops
|
Village commons
|
|
|
|
System of labor in which workers produced goods in their homes
|
domestic system
|
|
|
|
System used to produce goods prior to Industrial Revolution
|
domestic system
|
|
|
|
Allowed workers to produce goods & still farm & do household chores
|
domestic system
|
|
|
|
Practice of fencing off land formerly open to common grazing and cultivation
|
Enclosure
|
|
|
|
Ended small farmers use of public lands
|
Enclosure movement
|
|
|
|
The enclosure movement displaced farmers who became a ________.
|
labor supply
|
|
|
|
New tools & techniques result in greater crop & livestock production
|
Agricultural Revolution
|
|
|
|
The agricultural revolution helped Great Britain lead the ___________.
|
Industrial Revolution
|
|
|
|
Capital, natural resources, & labor supply were key elements in Britain’s _______.
|
industrial success
|
|
|
|
Money to invest in labor machines & raw materials
|
capital
|
|
|
|
Large scale farming, overseas commerce, & the slave trade helped the British produce ____.
|
capital
|
|
|
|
Industry provided the aristocracy and the middle class a chance to _______.
|
invest
|
|
|
|
Water power, Iron & coal were British _____.
|
raw materials
|
|
|
|
Improved agricultural techniques increased the ____.
|
food supply
|
|
|
|
An increased food supply increased the ______.
|
population
|
|
|
|
Risk-taking people who set up industries by bringing together capital, labor & new industrial inventions
|
Entrepreneurs
|
|
|
|
First industry to be industrialized
|
Textile
|
|
|
|
Fabric industry
|
Textile
|
|
|
|
Developed the Cotton Gin
|
Eli Whitney
|
|
|
|
Cleaned the seeds out of cotton
|
Cotton Gin
|
|
|
|
The mechanization of the textile industry came about through a series of _______.
|
inventions
|
|
|
|
Organized method of production, brought workers and machines together under control of managers
|
factory system
|
|
|
|
Inventor of the first practical steam engine
|
James Watt
|
|
|
|
Enabled factories to run without the need of water power
|
Steam Engine
|
|
|
|
Individuals own the means of production
|
capitalism
|
|
|
|
Factories, frms and mines.
|
Means of Production
|
|
|
|
Individuals decide what is produced and how money is spent. (free enterprise)
|
Capitialism
|
|
|
|
Continually expanding factories or investing in new business.
|
Industrial Capitalism
|
|
|
|
Contributed the concept of interchangeable parts.
|
Eli Whitney
|
|
|
|
Using machines to create uniform, exchangeable goods/parts.
|
Interchangeable parts
|
|
|
|
Each worker performs a specialized task
|
division of labor
|
|
|
|
A product is assembled by a division of labor as it moves along a conveyor belt.
|
Assembly line
|
|
|
|
Used the assembly line to mass produce Model T automobiles.
|
Henry Ford
|
|
|
|
Business owned by stockholders
|
Corperation
|
|
|
|
Provide capital and disperse risk.
|
Corperations
|
|
|
|
Developed a practical incandescent ligh bulb.
|
Thomas Edison
|
|
|
|
First to build a self powered airplane.
|
Orville and Wilbur Wright
|
|
|
|
Insustrialization enabled industrialists to move into the __________.
|
middle class
|
|
|
|
Factory work was often monotonous and _____.
|
dangerous
|
|
|
|
During the Industrial Revelution cities had inadequate ___________.
|
clean water
|
|
|
|
Workers associations developed into _______.
|
labor unions
|
|
|
|
Owners of railroads, facories & mines advocated ___________ economies.
|
laissez-faire
|
|
|
|
Developed the concept of utilitarianism.
|
Jeremy Bentham
|
|
|
|
Every action should be judged by its contibution to human happiness or the reduction of human misery.
|
Utilitarianism
|
|
|
|
He rejected laissez-faire economies on grounds of utilitarianism.
|
John Stuart Mill
|
|
|
|
Argued for legislation against monopolies & for the protection of individual liberties
|
John Stuart Mill
|
|
|
|
Community owenership of the means of production.
|
Socialism
|
|
|
|
No competition, share the wealth.
|
Socialism
|
|
|
|
Government where the power of the crown is unchecked.
|
Absolute Monarchy
|
|
|
|
Another name for the Age of Monarchs.
|
Age of Absolutism.
|
|
|
|
Strongest nation in Europe during the 1500s and early 1600s.
|
Spain
|
|
|
|
Was both the Holy Roman Emperor and the king of Spain.
|
Charles V
|
|
|
|
Dynasty of Charles V and Philip II.
|
Hapsburg
|
|
|
|
When Charles V divided his empire his son Phillip II became _________.
|
King of Spain
|
|
|
|
Strongest monarch during Spanish supremacy
|
Philip II
|
|
|
|
Philip II and other absolute monarchs believed they were kings by ________.
|
Divine Right
|
|
|
|
The idea that royal power is granted by God.
|
Divine Right of Kings
|
|
|
|
He used wealth (gold & silver) from colonies to build the largest and strongest army in Europe.
|
Philip II
|
|
|
|
Philip II saw Spain as the defender of the __________.
|
Catholic Faith
|
|
|
|
He involved Spain in wars against the enemies of Catholicism. (Protestants, Muslims etc.)
|
Philip II
|
|
|
|
Philip II attempted to force all non-Catholics to ________________.
|
convert or leave Spain
|
|
|
|
Was used as a reign of terror to extract all non-catholic elements from Spain.
|
Spanish Inquisition
|
|
|
|
This source of wealth enabled Spain to become the strongest nation in Europe.
|
American Colonies
|
|
|
|
Philip II sent it to invade England.
|
Spanish Armada
|
|
|
|
It's defeat in 1588 was the beginning of Spain's decline as the leading European power.
|
Spanish Armada
|
|
|
|
In the late 1500s, France was torn by reiigious conflict between ___________.
|
Catholics & Huguenots
|
|
|
|
French Protestant Calvinists
|
Huguenots
|
|
|
|
First Bourbon King
|
Henry of Navarre/Henry IV
|
|
|
|
Established the Edict Nantes
|
Henry IV
|
|
|
|
Gave French Protestants religious freedom in 1598.
|
Edict of Nantes
|
|
|
|
Real Ruler during the reign of Louis XIII
|
Cardinal Richelieu
|
|
|
|
Involved Catholic France in the 30 years war on the side of the protestants.
|
Cardinal Richelieu
|
|
|
|
Was triggered by a rebellion of Bohemian protestants.
|
Thirty Years War
|
|
|
|
Started over religion ended up over the balance of power.
|
Thirty Years War
|
|
|
|
Ended the 30 years war.
|
Peace of Westphalia
|
|
|
|
Made France the strongest country in Europe
|
Peace of Westphalia
|
|
|
|
Louis XIV Minister of Finance
|
Colbert
|
|
|
|
A tax on imports
|
Protective tariff
|
|
|
|
Sun King ruled France from 1643 to 1715.
|
Louis XIV
|
|
|
|
He weakened the power of the nobles by inviting them to live in Luxury in his palace.
|
Louis XIV
|
|
|
|
Strongest French Monarch
|
Louis XIV
|
|
|
|
In 1685 Louis XIV revoked the _______.
|
Edict of Nantes
|
|
|
|
Strongest nation in Europe during the 1600's
|
France
|
|
|
|
Small nations band together to keep a strong nation from dominating.
|
Balance of Power
|
|
|
|
War fought to Keep Louis XIV's grandson off the throne of Spain
|
War of Spanish Succession
|
|
|
|
Ended the War of Spanish Succession
|
Treaty of Utrecht
|
|
|
|
Broke French Treasury and military power
|
War of Spanish Succession
|
|
|
|
Prevented the alliance of France and Spain
|
Treaty of Utrecht
|
|
|
|
His policies brought France near financial ruin and created class conflict
|
Louis XIV
|
|
|
|
Philip II's English rival.
|
Elizabeth I
|
|
|
|
Ruled England from 1558 to 1603.
|
Elizabeth I
|
|
|
|
English captains that captured Spanish Treasure ships and defeated the Spanish Armada.
|
Sea Dogs
|
|
|
|
Ruled England from 1558 to 1603, last Tudor monarch.
|
Elizabeth I
|
|
|
|
First Stuart Monarch believed in the Divine Right of Kings.
|
James I
|
|
|
|
Those who believed in the Divine Right of Kings believed Monarchs were only answerable to ___.
|
God
|
|
|
|
Succeeded James I as King of England.
|
Charles I
|
|
|
|
His reign ended in England's civil war
|
Charles I
|
|
|
|
It was fought over who should rule England: Monarch or Parliament.
|
English Civil War
|
|
|
|
Those who supported Charles I in the English Civil War
|
Cavaliers
|
|
|
|
Those who supported Parliament in the English Civil War
|
Roundheads
|
|
|
|
Roundheads were mainly _____.(religion)
|
Puritans
|
|
|
|
Led parliament's army to victory in the English Civil War.
|
Oliver Cromwell
|
|
|
|
The English Parliament tried and executed _________.
|
Charles I
|
|
|
|
The House of Commons abolished monarchy and declared Engand a republic called the ____.
|
commonwealth
|
|
|
|
Cromwell drove out Parliament and set up a ________.
|
military dictatorship
|
|
|
|
Name for Cromwell's military dictatorship
|
Protectorate
|
|
|
|
Cromwell's dictatorship enforced a _______.
|
Puritan moral Code
|
|
|
|
Cromwell did not tolerate open worship for ___.
|
Catholics
|
|
|
|
Richard Cromwell succeeded his father as Lord Protector of England, but when England tired of strict Puritan ways he was deposed by a ___.
|
Military coup
|
|
|
|
He was invited by Parliament to come back from exile and become king.
|
Charles II
|
|
|
|
The return of Charles II as King of England
|
Restoration
|
|
|
|
Restoration date
|
A.D. 1660
|
|
|
|
The Restoration gave England a ______.
|
Constitutional monarchy
|
|
|
|
Catholic brother and successor to Charles II.
|
James II
|
|
|
|
English feared that James II would make Catholicism the _______.
|
State Religion
|
|
|
|
Name for the bloodless deposing of James II.
|
Glorious Revolution
|
|
|
|
William & Mary were given joint rule of England after the Glorious Revolution but they first had accept the ____.
|
English Bill of Rights
|
|
|
|
The Enlgish Bill of Rights made sure Parliament had more power than the ruler and established ________.
|
limited monarchy
|
|
|
|
Date of the Glorious Revolution
|
AD 1688
|
|
|
|
Was selected by leading German princes but in reality did not have much power.
|
Holy Roman Emperor
|
|
|
|
Allowed Maria Theresa to inherit the Throne of Austria
|
Pragmatic Sanction
|
|
|
|
Maria Theresa' dynasty.
|
Hapsburg
|
|
|
|
Dynasty that ruled Prussia during the Age of Monarchs.
|
Hohenzollern
|
|
|
|
Centralized Prussian Government. Made Prussian army the most efficient fighting force in Europe.
|
Frederick William I
|
|
|
|
Most powerful ruler in Prussian History
|
Frederick II (the Great)
|
|
|
|
He rejected the Pragmatic Sanction and started the war of Austrian Succession
|
Frederick II (the Great)
|
|
|
|
Maria Theresa keeps the throne of Austria, Austria loses Silesia.
|
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
|
|
|
|
Starts as a struggle between Austria & Prussia becomes a struggle between England & France.
|
Seven Years War
|
|
|
|
Name of the Seven Years war in America
|
French and Indian War
|
|
|
|
In 1650 Russia was an isolated and _________.
|
backward country
|
|
|
|
Title of the Russian ruler.
|
Czar
|
|
|
|
Czar who worked to modernize/Westernize Russia
|
Peter the Great
|
|
|
|
Peter the Great was an ________.
|
absolute monarch
|
|
|
|
Peter fought the Swedes and the Turks to gain a ________.
|
warm water port
|
|
|
|
Peter the Great built the new capital of Russia_______.
|
St. Petersburg
|
|
|
|
She followed the lead of Peter the Great in embracing Western ideas and expanding Russia's borders.
|
Cathrine the Great
|
|
|
|
Intellectual movembent of the 17th & 18th centuries.
|
Enlightenment
|
|
|
|
The Enlightenment celebrated the powers of ______.
|
Reason
|
|
|
|
Enlightenment thinkers promoted religious ____________.
|
toleration
|
|
|
|
Enlightenment thinkers sough to construct government free of_____________.
|
tyranny
|
|
|
|
Enlightenment thinkers believed all problems could be solved with__________.
|
reason
|
|
|
|
The Enlightenment was prompted by the __________ (1500s & 1600s).
|
Scientific Revolution
|
|
|
|
Sun is the center of the Solar System.
|
Helicentric theory
|
|
|
|
He devoloped the Heliocentric theory.
|
Copernicus
|
|
|
|
He developed a telescope and supported the Helicentric theory.
|
Galileo
|
|
|
|
Probably more responsible for the development of scientific method than any other individual.
|
Galileo Galilei
|
|
|
|
Galileo was forced to recant by the ____________.
|
Catholic Church
|
|
|
|
Demonstrated that planets move in ellipses/ovals.
|
Johannes Kepler
|
|
|
|
His discoveries changed the view of the universe more than anyone else's
|
Isaac Newton
|
|
|
|
He laid the foundations for the scientific theories that susquently revolutionized the world
|
Isaac Newton
|
|
|
|
Newton developed the theory of ____________.
|
Gravity
|
|
|
|
Newton discovered that the universe is governed by__________.
|
natural laws
|
|
|
|
Newton's discoveries led people to view the universe as _________.
|
mechanical
|
|
|
|
He developed Calculus.
|
Isaac Newton
|
|
|
|
Hobbes, Locke& Rousseau were all considered _________.
|
social contract theorists
|
|
|
|
Because Thomas Hobbes believed; governments were created to protect people from their own selfishness, he believed they _______..
|
never had the right to revolt.
|
|
|
|
Form of Gorernment advocated by Thomas Hobbes.
|
Absolute Monarchy
|
|
|
|
He believed people had Natural Rights to life, liberty and property.
|
John Locke
|
|
|
|
John Locke believed the foundation of Government was a __________.
|
Social Contract
|
|
|
|
John Locke Believed that if people's natural rights were NOT protected, they had the_________.
|
Right to revolt
|
|
|
|
John Locke wrote in defense of the___________.
|
Glorious Revolution
|
|
|
|
French Thinkers of the enlightenment.
|
Philosophes(not philosophers)
|
|
|
|
Philosophe who campaigned against intolerance. (wrote Candide).
|
Voltaire
|
|
|
|
He combined enlightenment thinking into an Encyclopdia.
|
Diderot
|
|
|
|
Banned Diderot's Encyclopedia.
|
Catholic Church
|
|
|
|
Diderot was _________ for his writings in the Encyclopedia.
|
imprisoned
|
|
|
|
Advocated a free market economy in the Wealth of Nations.
|
Adam Smith
|
|
|
|
Name for complete free market economy (leave it alone).
|
Laissez faire
|
|
|
|
He believed the best way to protect people's liberties was by separating the power of government into legislative, executive and judicial branches.
|
Montesquieu
|
|
|
|
Criticized the enlightenment's excessive emphasis on reason, he believed people needed to rely more on emotion and instinct.
|
Rousseau
|
|
|
|
Meetings for the discussion of ideas.
|
Salons
|
|
|
|
He believed you should set aside traditional beliefs and rely on observation and experiment. Early proponent of the scientific method.
|
Francis Bacon
|
|
|
|
He believed you should doubt everything which cannont be proved, and in the search for truth you should start NOT with faith but with doubt.
|
Rene Descartes
|
|
|
|
The only thing Descartes found that he could not doubt was his ________.
|
own existence
|
|
|
|
"I think therefore I am."
|
Rene Descartes
|
|
|
|
Doubt and question all ideas.
|
Skepticism
|
|
|
|
A denial of the possibility of knowledge
|
Skepticism
|
|
|
|
Total skeptic.
|
David Hume
|
|
|
|
He denied that there was any logical basis for knowing that one thing caused another. Denied knowledge of cause & effect.
|
David Hume
|
|
|
|
He believed that reason could NOT be used to explain questions of metaphysics.
|
Immanuel Kant
|
|
|
|
Tries to answer ultimate and universal questions.
|
Metaphysics
|
|
|
|
Kant believed that things that cannot be perceived in ________ cannot be known.
|
experience
|
|
|
|
John Locke believed the mind to be a __________.
|
Tabula rasa(blank slate)
|
|
|
|
Religion based on reason and natural law, the Enlightenment's religion.
|
Deism
|
|
|
|
Belief that God started the universe like a perfect clock and then left it alone.
|
Deism
|
|
|
|
Some people reacted to the Enlightenment and did not believe that _________ could explain the universe.
|
reason alone
|
|
|
|
Monarchs who used their power to bring about positive political and social changes.
|
Enlightened Despots
|
|
|
|
When Britain tried to tighten its control over the colonies after the French and Indian War, the colonies _____.
|
reacted
|
|
|
|
Because the American colonists believed they were being taxed without their representation and thus denied their natural rights they ___.
|
declared their independence.
|
|
|
|
Created a government with Montesquieu's separation of powers and a federal system.
|
U.S. Constitution
|
|
|
|
Governmental power (sovereignty) is divided between a central government and regional governments.
|
Federalism
|
|
|
|
Inaugurated the liberal and democratic movementsof the 19th century.
|
French Revolution
|
|
|
|
Name for France's social classes.
|
Estates
|
|
|
|
King of France at the beginning of the French Revolution.
|
Louis XVI
|
|
|
|
First Estate.
|
Catholic Clergy
|
|
|
|
Second Estate.
|
Noblility
|
|
|
|
Bourgeoisie, artisans, and peasants.
|
Third Estate
|
|
|
|
Middle Class
|
Bourgeoisie
|
|
|
|
Large Gap between the rich and the poor, heavy tax burden on the Third Estate, First & Second Estate don't pay taxes, Elightenment ideas of freedom & Equality, growth of the middle class, & wide spread famine.
|
Causes of the French Revolution.
|
|
|
|
In 1789 Louis XVI called a meeting of the _________ for the first time in over 150 years.
|
Estates General.
|
|
|
|
Louis XVI called the Estates General because he needed to _____.
|
raise money
|
|
|
|
Upper two estates wanted to vote as ______.
|
Estates
|
|
|
|
Third Estate wanted to vote as______.
|
delegates.
|
|
|
|
Louis XVI refused the Third Estate’s request for a _________.
|
Mass Meeting (voting as delegtes)
|
|
|
|
The Third Estate declared itself to be the _____________.
|
National Convention.
|
|
|
|
Members of the National Assembly swore to remain in session until a constituion was completed.
|
Tennis court oath.
|
|
|
|
Ordered all three estates to negotiate in the National Assembly.
|
Louis XVI
|
|
|
|
Ordered Swiss troops to Paris.
|
Louis XVI
|
|
|
|
French Royal Prison, attacked by Parisians to defend the National Assembly.
|
Bastille.
|
|
|
|
Symbolic beginning of the French Revolution.
|
Storming of the Bastille.
|
|
|
|
Voted to end special privileges of Nobility & Clergy (Old Regime).
|
National Assembly.
|
|
|
|
National Assembly guaranteed freedom of speech, press, and religion. Proclaimed all male citizens were equal but did not grant rights to women.
|
“Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the citizen.”
|
|
|
|
In 1791 the National Assembly created a ________.
|
Limited Constitutional Monarchy.
|
|
|
|
Working-class men and women who pushed for more radical action during the French Revolution.
|
sans-culottes
|
|
|
|
Extreme radicals who demanded “true democracy.”
|
Jacobins.
|
|
|
|
Unpopular Queen of France.
|
Marie Antoinette
|
|
|
|
National Assembly declared war on ________.
|
Austria
|
|
|
|
Seized control of Assembly, removed king from office. (French Revolution)
|
Jacobins.
|
|
|
|
Jacobins killed people they claimed were _____________.
|
Counter-revolutionaries
|
|
|
|
Called by Radicals to rewrite French Constitution.
|
National Convention
|
|
|
|
National Convention abolished Monarchy and declared France a _______.
|
Republic
|
|
|
|
Convicted of Treason and executed by the National Convention.
|
Louis XVI
|
|
|
|
During the French Revolution European monarchies fearing the spread of revolution to their countries ____.
|
allied against France
|
|
|
|
Because of threats from within, and without, the Convention formed the ____________.
|
Committee of Public Safety
|
|
|
|
Jacobin became the head of the Committee of Public Safety.
|
Robespierre
|
|
|
|
To stop counter-revolution the committee began the ________. (500,000 people arrested, 40,000 guillotined.
|
Reign of Terror
|
|
|
|
Used by committee to deal with invading armies.
|
Mass Moblization
|
|
|
|
Whole society helps to defeat enemy.
|
Mass Moblization
|
|
|
|
Members of the Convention turned on him because they feared for their own safety. He was guillotined along with many of his followers.
|
Robespierre
|
|
|
|
Robespierre’s death ended the _________.
|
Reign of Terror
|
|
|
|
Took control of the Convention after the Reign of Terror.
|
Bourgeoisie
|
|
|
|
Conservative Government set up by the Convention after the end of the Reign of Terror.
|
Directory
|
|
|
|
Put in Command of France’s armies by the Directory.
|
Napoleon.
|
|
|
|
Seized power from the Directory in a Coup d’ etat.
|
Napoleon.
|
|
|
|
Quick overthrow of government by a small group.
|
Coup d’ etat.
|
|
|
|
As first Consul of the French Republic Napoleon assumed ____.
|
Dictatorial powers.
|
|
|
|
Used soldiers to restore order to France.
|
Napoleon.
|
|
|
|
Made the law clear and consistent in France.
|
Napoleonic code
|
|
|
|
Bonaparte became Emperor Napoleon I by __________.
|
The will of the people
|
|
|
|
Napoleon expanded his empire to include most of ________.
|
Europe
|
|
|
|
British Admiral who defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Trafalgar.
|
Horatio Nelson.
|
|
|
|
Because of his defeat at the Battle of Trafalgar, Napoleon gave up on _____.
|
invading Britain
|
|
|
|
Napoleon tried to keep British goods out of __________.
|
European ports
|
|
|
|
Napoleon invaded IT because IT refused to stop selling goods to Britain.
|
Russia
|
|
|
|
Was a disaster because of winter conditions.
|
Napoleon's invasion of Russia.
|
|
|
|
Tactic used by Russians against Napoleon.
|
Scorcehd-earth.
|
|
|
|
On retreat from Russia Napoleon lost _______.
|
4/5 of his troops
|
|
|
|
Grand Alliance defeats Napoleon at Leipzig Germany.
|
Battle of Nations.
|
|
|
|
After the Battle of Nations the Grand Alliance took Paris and exiled Napoleon to _______.
|
Elba
|
|
|
|
Napoleon escaped Elba and upon returning to France______.
|
won widespread support
|
|
|
|
Napoleon’s brief comeback.
|
The 100 days.
|
|
|
|
Napoleon’s final defeat to Britain and Prussia.
|
Waterloo.
|
|
|
|
After Waterloo Napoleon was exiled to _________.
|
St. Helena
|
|
|
|
Date of Waterloo.
|
A.D. 1815
|
|
|
|
Napoleon's lasting influence was that his soldiers spread the ideals of the _____ across Europe.
|
French Revolution
|
|
|
|
After the defeat of Napoleon it was held to create a new balance of power to preserve the peace.
|
Congress of Vienna
|
|
|
|
Leading figure at the Congress of Vienna.
|
Metternich
|
|
