World History Elsener Unit 2 Schwartz

Front 1

government where the power of the crown is unchecked

Back 1

1. absolute monarchy

Front 2

another name for the age of monarchs

Back 2

age of absolutism
2

Front 3

strongest nation in europe during the 1500s and early 1600s

Back 3

spain
3

Front 4

was both the holy roman emperor and the king of spain

Back 4

charles v
4

Front 5

dynasty of charles v and phillip 2

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hapsburg
5

Front 6

when charles v divided his empire his son phillip 2 became?

Back 6

king of spain
6

Front 7

strongest monarch during spanish supremacy

Back 7

phillip 2
7

Front 8

phillip 2 and other absolute monarch believed they were kings by?

Back 8

divine right
8

Front 9

the idea that royal power is granted by god

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divine right of kings
9

Front 10

he used wealth (gold and silver) from colonies to build the largest and strongest army in europe

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phillip 2
10

Front 11

phillip 2 saw spain as the defender of the ?

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catholic faith
11

Front 12

he involved spain in wars agaqinst the enemies of catholicism

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philip 2
12

Front 13

phillip 2 attemped to force all non-catholics to?

Back 13

convert or leave spain
13

Front 14

Philip 2 attended to force all non-catholics to?

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convert of leave spain

Front 15

was used as a reign of terror to extract all non catholics elements form spain

Back 15

spanish inquisition

Front 16

this source of wealth enabled spain to become the strongest nation in europe

Back 16

american colonies

Front 17

phillip 2 sent it to invade england

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spainsh armda

Front 18

its defeat in 1588 was the beginning of spains decline as the leading european power

Back 18

spainsh armada

Front 19

in the late 1500s, france was torn by religous conflict between?

Back 19

catholics and huguenots

Front 20

french protestant calvinists

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huguenots

Front 21

first bourbon king

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henry of navarre/henry 6

Front 22

established the edict nantes

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henry 6

Front 23

gave french protestants religious freedom in 1598

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edict of nantes

Front 24

real ruler during the reign of louis 13

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cardinal richelieu

Front 25

invloved catholic french in the 30 years war on he side of the protestants

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carninal richelieu

Front 26

was triggered by a rebellion

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thirty years war

Front 27

started over religion ended up over he balance of power

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thirty years war

Front 28

ended the 30 years war

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peace of westphilia

Front 29

made the strongest country in europe

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peace of west phialia

Front 30

louis 15 minister of france

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colbert

Front 31

a tax on imposrts

Back 31

protective tariff

Front 32

sun king ruled france from 1643 to 1715

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louis 15

Front 33

e weakend the power of the nobles by inviting them to live in luxery in his palace

Back 33

louis 15

Front 34

strongest french monarch

Back 34

louis 15

Front 35

in 1685 louis 15 revoked the?

Back 35

edict of nantes

Front 36

strongest nation in europe during the 1600s

Back 36

france

Front 37

small nations band together to keep a strong nation from dominating

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balance of power

Front 38

war fought to keep louis 15s grandson off the throne of spain

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war of spanish successions

Front 39

ended the war of spanish succession

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treaty of utrecht

Front 40

broke french treasury and military power

Back 40

war of spanish succession

Front 41

prevented the alliance of france and spain

Back 41

tready of utracht

Front 42

his policies brought france near financial ruin and created class conflict

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louis 15

Front 43

phillip 2s english rival

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elizabeth 1

Front 44

phillip 2s english rival

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elizabeth 1

Front 45

ruled england from 1558 to 1603

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elizabeth 1

Front 46

england captians that captured spanish treasure ships and defeated the spanish armada

Back 46

sea dogs

Front 47

ruled england from 1558 to 1603 last tudor monarch

Back 47

elizabeth 1

Front 48

first stuart monarch believed in the divine right of kings

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james 1

Front 49

those who beieved in he divine right of kings believed monarchs were only anwserable to

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god

Front 50

succeeded james 1 as king of england

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charles 1

Front 51

his reign ended in englands civil war

Back 51

charles 1

Front 52

his reign ended in englands civil war

Back 52

charles 1

Front 53

it was fought over who should rule england: monarch or parliament

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english civil war

Front 54

those who supported charles 1 in the english civil war

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cavaliers

Front 55

those who supported parliament in the english civil war

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roundheads

Front 56

roundheads were mainly?

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puritians

Front 57

led parliaments army to victory in the english civil war

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oliver cromwell

Front 58

the english parilament tried and executed

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charles 1

Front 59

the house of common abolished monarchy and declared engand a republic called?

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commomwealth

Front 60

cromwell drove out parliament and set up a?

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military dictatorship

Front 61

name for cromwells military dictatorship

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protectorate

Front 62

cromwells dictatorship enforced a ?

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puritan moral code

Front 63

cromwell did not tolerate open worship for?

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catholics

Front 64

richard cromwell succeeded his father as lord prrotector of england, but when england tired of strict puritans ways he wsa deposed by a?

Back 64

military coup

Front 65

he was invited by parliament to come back from exile and become king

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charles 2

Front 66

the returrn of charles 2 as king of england

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restoration

Front 67

the restoration gave england?

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constitutional monarchy

Front 68

restoration date

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ad 1660

Front 69

catholic brother and successor to charles 2

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james 2

Front 70

english feared that james 2 would make catolicism the?

Back 70

state relgion

Front 71

name for the bloodless deposing of james 2

Back 71

glorious revolution

Front 72

william and mary were given joint rule of england after the glorious revolution but they first had accept the?

Back 72

english bill of rights

Front 73

the english bill of rights made sure parliament had more power than the ruler and establishment

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limited monarchy

Front 74

date of the glorious revolution

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ad 1688

Front 75

was selected by leading german princes but in reality did not have much power

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holy roman emperor

Front 76

allowed maria theresa to inherit the throne of austria

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pragmatic sanction

Front 77

marias theresa' dynasty

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hapsburg

Front 78

dynasty that ruled prussia during the age of monarchs

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hohenzollern

Front 79

centralized prussia during the age of monarachs

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fredrick william 1

Front 80

most powerful ruler in prussian history

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fredrick 2(the great)

Front 81

the rejected the pragmatic samction and started he war of austrian succession

Back 81

fredrick 2(the great)

Front 82

maria theresa keeps the throne of austria, austria loses silesia

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tready of aix-la-chapelle

Front 83

starts as a struggle between austria and prussia becomes a struggle between england and france

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seven years war

Front 84

name of the seven years war in america

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french and indian war

Front 85

in 1650 russia was an isolated and?

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backward country

Front 86

title of the russain ruler

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czar

Front 87

czar who worked to modernize/westernize russia

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peter the great

Front 88

peter fought the swedes and the turks to gain a?

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warm water port

Front 89

peter the great was an?

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absolute monarch

Front 90

peter he great built the new capital of russia?

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st. petersburg

Front 91

she follows the lead of peter the great in embracing western ideas and expanding russias border

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catherine the great

Front 92

intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries

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enlightenment

Front 93

the enlightenment celebrated the power of?

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reason

Front 94

enlightenment thinkers promoted religions ?

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toleration

Front 95

enlightenment thinkers sough to construct government free of?

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tyranny

Front 96

enlightenment thinkers believed all problems could be solves with?

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reason

Front 97

the enlightenment was promoted by the?

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scientific revolution

Front 98

sun is the center of the solar system

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helicentric thoery

Front 99

he developed the telescope and supported the selcentric theory

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gallileo

Front 100

probably more responsible for the development of scientific method than any other individual

Back 100

galileo galilei

Front 101

galileo was forced to recent by the?

Back 101

catholic church

Front 102

demonstrated that plants move in ellipse/ovels

Back 102

johannes kepler

Front 103

his dicoveries changed the view of the universe more than anyones else

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issac newton

Front 104

he laid the foundations for the scientific thoeries that susquently revolutionized the world?

Back 104

issac newton

Front 105

newton developed the theory of?

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gravity

Front 106

newton discovered that the universe is governed by?

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natural laws

Front 107

newtons discoveries led people to view the universe as?

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mechanical

Front 108

he developed calculus

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isaac newton

Front 109

hobbes, locked and rousseau were all lconsidered

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social contract theorists

Front 110

because thomas hobbes believed; government were created to protect peole from their own selfishment, he believed they

Back 110

never had the right to revolt

Front 111

form of government advocated by thomas hobbes

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absolute monarchy

Front 112

form of government advocated by thomas hobbes

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absolute monarchy

Front 113

he believed people had natural rights to life, libery and property

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john locke

Front 114

john locke believed the foundation of government was a?

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socail contract

Front 115

john locke believed that if people natural rights were not protected they had the?

Back 115

right of revolt

Front 116

john locke wrote in defence of the?

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glorious revolution

Front 117

french thinkers of the enlightenment?

Back 117

philosophes

Front 118

philosophe who campaigned against intolerance.

Back 118

voltaire

Front 119

he combined enlightenment thinking into an encyclopdia

Back 119

diderot

Front 120

banned diderots encyclopdia

Back 120

catholic church

Front 121

diderot was for this writng in the encyclopdia

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imprisoned

Front 122

advocated a free market economy in the wealth of nations

Back 122

adam smith

Front 123

name for complete free market economy

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laissez smith

Front 124

he believed the best way to protect peoples liberites was by separating the power of government into legislative, executive and judicial

Back 124

montesquieu

Front 125

criticized the enlightenmnets excessive emphasis on reason, he beelieved people need to rely more on emotion and instink

Back 125

rousseau

Front 126

meetings for the dicussion of ideas

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salons

Front 127

he believed you should set aside ttraditional beliefs and rely on observation and experiment. early proponent of the scientific method

Back 127

francisbacon

Front 128

he believed you sohuld dought everything witch cannot be proved, and in the search for truth you should start not with faith but with dought

Back 128

rene descartes

Front 129

the only thing descartes found that he could not dought was his

Back 129

own existence

Front 130

i think therefor i am?

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rene descartes

Front 131

dought and question all ideas

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sketpticism

Front 132

a denail pf the possibility of knowledge

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skepticiam

Front 133

total speptic

Back 133

david hume

Front 134

he denied that there was any logical basis for knowing that one thing caused another. denied knowledge of cause and effect

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david hume

Front 135

he believed that reason could not be used to explain questions of metaphysics

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immanuel kant

Front 136

tries to answer ultimate and universal questions

Back 136

metaphysics

Front 137

kant believed that things that connot be perceived in ? cannot be known

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experiance

Front 138

john locke believed the mind to be a?

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tabula rasa

Front 139

religion based on reason and natural law, the enlightenment religion

Back 139

deism

Front 140

belief that god started the universe like a perfect clock and then left alone.

Back 140

deism

Front 141

some people reacted to the enlightenment and did not believe that ? could explain the universe

Back 141

reason alone

Front 142

monarchs who used their power to bring about positive political and social changes

Back 142

enlightenment

Front 143

when britain tried to tighten its control over the colonies after the french and indian war, the colonies

Back 143

reacted

Front 144

because the american colonists believed they were being taxed without their representation and thus denied their natural rights they?

Back 144

declared their indepandance

Front 145

created a government with montesquieus seperation of powers and a federal systen

Back 145

us constitution

Front 146

governmental power is divided between a central government and regional governments

Back 146

federalism

Front 147

inaugurated the liberal and democratic movements of the 19th century

Back 147

french revolution

Front 148

name for frences social classes

Back 148

eastates

Front 149

king of france a the beginning of the french revolution

Back 149

louis 15

Front 150

first estate

Back 150

catholic clergy

Front 151

second estate

Back 151

noblility

Front 152

bourgeoisie, artisans, and peasants

Back 152

third estate

Front 153

middle class

Back 153

bourgeoisie

Front 154

large gap between the rich and the poor, heavy tax burden on the third estate, first and second estate dont pays taxes, enlightenment ideas of freedom and equality , growth of the middle class and wide sread

Back 154

causes of the french revolution

Front 155

in 1789 louis 16 called a meeting od the ? for the first time in over 150 years

Back 155

estates general

Front 156

louis 16 called the estates general because he needed to?

Back 156

raise money

Front 157

upper two estates wnated to vote as?

Back 157

estates

Front 158

third estate wanted to vote as?

Back 158

delegates

Front 159

louis 16 refused the third estate request for a ?

Back 159

mass meeting

Front 160

the third estate declared itself tobe the?

Back 160

national convention

Front 161

members of the national assembly swore to remain in session until a constitution was complete

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tennis court oath

Front 162

ordered all three estates to negotiate in the national assembly

Back 162

louis 16

Front 163

ordered swiss troops to paris

Back 163

louis 16

Front 164

french royal prison attacked by parisians to defend the national assembly

Back 164

bastille

Front 165

symblic begginning of the french revolution

Back 165

storming of the bastille

Front 166

voted to end specil privliges of nobility and clergy

Back 166

national assembly

Front 167

national assembly gauranteed freedom of speach press religion. proclaimed all male citizens were equal but did not grant rights to woman

Back 167

"declaration or the rights of man and of the citizens
"

Front 168

in 1791 the national assembly created a

Back 168

limited constitutional monarchy

Front 169

working-class men and woman who pushed for more radical action during the french revolution

Back 169

sans-culottes

Front 170

extreme radicals who demanded true deemocracy.

Back 170

jacobins

Front 171

unpopular queen of france

Back 171

marie antoinette

Front 172

national assembly declared war on?

Back 172

austria

Front 173

seized controll ofassembly removed king from office.

Back 173

jacobsins

Front 174

jacobins killed people they claimed were?

Back 174

counter-revolutionaries

Front 175

called by radicals to write french constitution

Back 175

national convention

Front 176

national convention abolisged monarchy and declared france a?

Back 176

repulic

Front 177

convicted of treason and executed by the national convention

Back 177

louis 16

Front 178

during the french revolution european monarchies fearing the spread of the revolution to their countries

Back 178

allied against france

Front 179

because of threats from within and without the convention formed the?

Back 179

committe of public safty

Front 180

jacobson became he head of the committee of public safty

Back 180

robespierre

Front 181

the stop counter-revolution the committee began the?

Back 181

reign of terror

Front 182

used by committee to deal with invading armies

Back 182

mass moblization

Front 183

whole society helps to defeat enemy

Back 183

mass moblization

Front 184

members of the convention turned on him because they feared for their own safty. He was guillotined along with many of his followers

Back 184

robespierre

Front 185

robespierres death ended the?

Back 185

reign of terror

Front 186

took control of the convention after the reign of terror

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bourgeoisie

Front 187

canservation government set up by the convention after the end of the reign of terror

Back 187

directory

Front 188

put in command of frances armies by the directory

Back 188

directory

Front 189

seized power command of frances the directory in a coup d' etat

Back 189

napoleon

Front 190

quick overthrow of government by a small group.

Back 190

coup d' e

Front 191

as first consul of the french repulic napoleon assumed.

Back 191

dictatorial powers

Front 192

used solidgers to restore order to france

Back 192

napoleon

Front 193

made the law clear and consisted in france

Back 193

napoleonic code

Front 194

nepoleon expanded his empire to include most of?

Back 194

europe

Front 195

bonaparte became emperor napoleon 1 by?

Back 195

the will of the peole

Front 196

british admiral who defeated nepoleon at the battle of trafalgar

Back 196

horatio

Front 197

because of his defeat at the battle of trafalgar, napoleon gave up on?

Back 197

invading british

Front 198

british admiral who defested napolian at the battle of trafalgar

Back 198

horatio nelson

Front 199

because of his defeat a the battle of trafalgar napolean gave up on??

Back 199

invading nelson

Front 200

napoleon tried to keep british goods out of?

Back 200

European ports

Front 201

napoloean invaded it becase it refused to stop selling goods to british

Back 201

russia

Front 202

was a disaster because of winter conditions

Back 202

napoleon invasion of russia