World History: Chp. 10 Test Study Guide

Front 1

Geocentric

Back 1

literally, "earth-centered"; a system of planetary motion that places Earth at the center of the universe, with the Sun, Moon, and other planets revolving around it.

Front 2

Heliocentric

Back 2

literally, "sun-centered"; the system of universe, proposed in 1543 by Nicholas Copernicus, who argued that Earth and the planets revolve around the Sun.

Front 3

Rationalism

Back 3

A system of thought expounded by Rene' Descartes based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge.

Front 4

Scientific method

Back 4

A systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence that was crucial to the evolution of science in the modern world.

Front 5

Inductive reasoning

Back 5

the doctrine that scientists should proceed from the particular to the general by making systematic observations and carefully organized experiments to test hypotheses or theories, a process that'll lead to correct general principles.

Front 6

Philosophe

Back 6

intellectuals.French for "philosopher"; applied to all

Front 7

Deism

Back 7

An 18th-century religious philosophy based on reason and natural law.

Front 8

Salon

Back 8

the elegant drawing rooms of great urban houses where, in the 18th century, writers, artists, aristocrats, gov't officials, and wealthy middle-class people gathered to discuss the ideas of the philosophes, helping to spread the ideas of the Enlightenment.

Front 9

Federal system

Back 9

power is shared between the national government and state governments.a form of government in which

Front 10

Ptolemaic system

Back 10

the geocentric model of the universe that prevailed in the Middle Ages; named after the astronomer Ptolemy, who lived in Alexandria during the 2nd century.

Front 11

Universal law of gravitation

Back 11

1 of the 3 rules of motion governing the planetary bodies set forth by Sir Isaac Newton in his Principia; it explains that planetary bodies don't go off in straight lines but instead continue in elliptical orbits around the sun because every object in the universe is attracted to every other object by a force called gravity.

Front 12

Separation of powers

Back 12

A form of government in which the executive, legislative, and judicial branches limit and control each other through a system of checks and balances.

Front 13

Laissez faire

Back 13

literally, "Let people do what they want," the concept that the state shouldn't impose government regulations but should leave the economy alone.

Front 14

Ptolemy

Back 14

the greatest astronomer of antiquity. His, as well those of Christianity, the philosophers of the Middle ages constructed a model of the universe known as the Ptolemaic system, which was geocentric.

Front 15

Nicholas Copernicus

Back 15

One of the great mathematicians who believed that the secrets of nature were written in languages of math. Assisted developing new theories that became the foundation of the scientific revolution. Also felt that geocentric system was too complicated and believed his heliocentric concept of the universe offered a more accurate explanation.

Front 16

Galileo Galilei

Back 16

was the 1st European to make regulation observations of the heavens using the telescope.

Front 17

Montesquieu

Back 17

believed government works best when it has separation of powers and operates on a systems of checks and balances.

Front 18

Denis Diderot

Back 18

Published the Encyclopedia which helped spread Enlghtenment ideas.

Front 19

Voltaire

Back 19

Greatest figure of the Enlightenment. Believed strongly in religious tolerance and criticized Christianity. He supported deism which was based on reason and natural law.

Front 20

Maria Theresa

Back 20

The Empress of Austria in the day. Her son Joseph II embraced the Enlightenment ideas and wanted reform but failed miserably when he implemented it.

Front 21

Catherine the Great

Back 21

ruled Russia and was able to expand the territory.

Front 22

BoR: Right 1

Back 22

Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.

Front 23

BoR: Right 2

Back 23

Right to keep and bear arms in order to maintain a well-regulated militia.

Front 24

BoR: Right 3

Back 24

No quartering of soldiers.

Front 25

BoR: Right 4

Back 25

Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures.

Front 26

Frederick II(Frederick the Great)

Back 26

Was more enlightened and gave people more rights than his hardcore ruler father.

Front 27

American Revolution

Back 27

After the 7 Years War, British leaders wanted to get revenues from the colonies. Fighting started in 1775.

Front 28

The First Continental Congress

Back 28

was organized in 1774.

Front 29

7 Years of War

Back 29

The central conflict of the war was Britain against France. 3 areas of major conflict: Europe, India and North America. The greatest conflict took place in North America.

Front 30

By 1763, who became the world's greatest colonial power?

Back 30

Britain sir!!!!!