World History Chapters 5-7

Front 1

Yax K'uk Mo'

Back 1

the king of Copan during the classical period of the Maya (250-910); founded a dynasty that lasted at least sixteen generations, until 776

Front 2

Mesoamerica

Back 2

the region that includes the southern 2/3 of modern mexico, guatemala, belize, el salvador, honduras, nicaragua, and costa rica

Front 3

Olmec

Back 3

a complex society (1200-400) that arose on the gulf of mexico coast from modern day Veracruz to tabasco, known particularly for the colossal heads hewn from basalt

Front 4

Long Count

Back 4

a calender that ran cumulatively, starting from a day equivalent to August 13, 3114 BC and continuing into the present, came into use in the 5th and 4th centuries BC when inscriptions of bars and dots showed different calender units

Front 5

Teotihuacan

Back 5

the largest city in the americas before 1500, northeast of Mexico city, occupied from 200-650 and had a population at its peak of 40-200,000

Front 6

Maya

Back 6

indigenous people living in the Yucatan peninsula, Belize, honduras, and guatemala, complex society during the classical period, had a written language

Front 7

Copan

Back 7

a typical Maya city-state in the 8th century, it was divided into groups: royal family, nobility, commoners, slaves

Front 8

obsidian

Back 8

volcanic glass used in artwork, spear heads, and knife blades, extremely sharp, it was the most important traded good

Front 9

Popul Vuh

Back 9

one of the few surviving sources in the Mayan language, includes tales of hip games, recorded in the Roman alphabet in the 1500s

Front 10

Caral

Back 10

the earliest complex society (3100-1800) in the Americas, located in modern day Peru in the Andes

Front 11

Chavin

Back 11

Andean complex society (1200-200) in Peru, known for temples and large stone animal statues

Front 12

Polynesian triangle

Back 12

an imaginary triangle with sides of 4000 miles each linking Hawaii, Easter Island, and New Zealand and containing several thousand other islands among these

Front 13

Lapita Pottery

Back 13

named for a site in Melanesia, a low fired pottery with lines and geometrical decorations used between 1500-1000 BC, reveals direction of migration in the Pacific because of the locations where this was found

Front 14

Double Canoe

Back 14

a sailing vessel made by connecting two canoes with rope to a wooden frame, used by polynesians for ocean voyages, got speeds of up to 150 miles/day

Front 15

Moai

Back 15

the name for the 887 statues on Easter Island, most likely of tribal leaders, made from Tufa volcanic rock around 1000, the largest are more than 70 feet high and weigh more than 270 tons

Front 16

Darius

Back 16

522-486 BC, the third Achaemenid ruler, succeeded the throne by a coup, conquered much of Eurasia, reformed the empires administrative structure

Front 17

Herodotus

Back 17

485-425 BC, Greek speaking historian born in Halicarnassus, author of The Histories, known as the "father of history"

Front 18

Achaemenids

Back 18

ruling dynasty in Iran between 550-330, governed 30-35 million people

Front 19

Satrap

Back 19

the third achaemenid ruler Darius divided the empire into satrapies which were governed by Satraps, who were locally recruited

Front 20

The Avesta

Back 20

book containing hymns attributed to Zarathustra which provide our best guide to his original thought

Front 21

Chavin

Back 21

Andean complex society (1200-200) in Peru, known for temples and large stone animal statues

Front 22

Polynesian triangle

Back 22

an imaginary triangle with sides of 4000 miles each linking Hawaii, Easter Island, and New Zealand and containing several thousand other islands among these

Front 23

Lapita Pottery

Back 23

named for a site in Melanesia, a low fired pottery with lines and geometrical decorations used between 1500-1000 BC, reveals direction of migration in the Pacific because of the locations where this was found

Front 24

Double Canoe

Back 24

a sailing vessel made by connecting two canoes with rope to a wooden frame, used by polynesians for ocean voyages, got speeds of up to 150 miles/day

Front 25

Moai

Back 25

the name for the 887 statues on Easter Island, most likely of tribal leaders, made from Tufa volcanic rock around 1000, the largest are more than 70 feet high and weigh more than 270 tons

Front 26

Darius

Back 26

522-486 BC, the third Achaemenid ruler, succeeded the throne by a coup, conquered much of Eurasia, reformed the empires administrative structure

Front 27

Herodotus

Back 27

485-425 BC, Greek speaking historian born in Halicarnassus, author of The Histories, known as the "father of history"

Front 28

Achaemenids

Back 28

ruling dynasty in Iran between 550-330, governed 30-35 million people

Front 29

Satrap

Back 29

the third achaemenid ruler Darius divided the empire into satrapies which were governed by Satraps, who were locally recruited

Front 30

The Avesta

Back 30

book containing hymns attributed to Zarathustra which provide our best guide to his original thought

Front 31

Zoroastrianism

Back 31

Iranian religion named for Zarathustra around 1000 BC, he taught that a host of deities, good and evil, are in perpetual conflict, these populate the spiritual world

Front 32

Ahura Mazda

Back 32

the supreme deity in Zoroastrianism, created heaven and earth, day and night, light and darkness, people believe he judges them on the day of judgment

Front 33

Cyrus

Back 33

558-530 BC, founder of the Achaemenid dynasty in Iran, native of Persis, staffed his administration with Persians and Medes, the people who he had defeated

Front 34

Lydian Coins

Back 34

the first metal coins in the world, circa 600, made from electrum which is an alloy of gold and silver, people found it in the rivers around Lydia

Front 35

Phoenicians

Back 35

a sea people who expanded in 900 from the Mediterranean coast to Lebanon, had an alphabet

Front 36

Artemisia

Back 36

480 BC, woman ruler of Halicarnassus, on the coast of Turkey, fought with the Persians against the Greeks at the battle of Salamis

Front 37

Aristotle

Back 37

384-322 BC, Greek philosopher who encouraged his students to observe the natural world and explain logically how they got to their assumptions and conclusions

Front 38

Alexander of Macedon

Back 38

336-323 BC, otherwise known as Alexander the Great, son of Philip of Macedon, defeated the last Achaemenid ruler in 331 BC, ruled the former Achaemenid empire until his death

Front 39

Parthians

Back 39

247 BC- 224 AD, ruling dynasty of Iran, defeated the Seleucids and took their territory in 140 BC, had a major cavalry, they were a problem for the Roman empire

Front 40

Sasanians

Back 40

224-651, ruling dynasty of Iran who defeated the Parthinians and ruled until the islamic conquest, brought up ideas of non-satrap royal lands, government support of Zoroastrianism

Front 41

Polybius

Back 41

200-118, Greek historian deported to Rome, author of the Rise of The Roman Empire

Front 42

Roman Republic

Back 42

509-27, type of Roman government, ruled by two consuls who served one year terms, they talked regularly with the senate

Front 43

Roman Senate

Back 43

Roman governing body, mainly patricians during the republic, there were about 300 but then this number grew a bit more when the senate became an advisory body

Front 44

Carthage

Back 44

a city in Tunisia originally founded by the Phoenecians between 264 and 146, Rome and Carthage fought three punic wars and Rome won all three

Front 45

Punic Wars

Back 45

the three wars between Rome and Carthage:
1. 264-241 for control of Sicily
2. 218-202 defeated Hannibal
3. 146 defeated Carthage, leveled the city and enslaved the people

Front 46

Hannibal

Back 46

247-182, leader of Carthage's army during the second Punic war, brilliant military strategist who led his troops over the Alps into Rome but was defeated by Rome in 202

Front 47

Tax Farmers

Back 47

under the Roman Republic, businessmen who paid in advance for the rite to collect taxes in given area, provided the government with the necessary amount and got to keep the rest for themselves

Front 48

Paterfamilias

Back 48

the legal head of the extended family in Rome and the only person who could own property; made all the decisions for his wife, children, and son's wives

Front 49

Dictators

Back 49

a position given by the Roman Senate before the first century to a temporary commander that gave him full authority for a limited amount of time, usually six months

Front 50

Julius Caesar

Back 50

100-44 BC, Rome's most successful military commander in the 1st century BC, conquered and governed much of Gaul, the region of modern day France, was named dictator in 49 BC

Front 51

Roman Principate

Back 51

system of government in Rome from 27-284 in which the princeps or first citizen, ruled the empire as a monarch in all but name

Front 52

Augustus

Back 52

means revered, given to Octavian in 63-14 by the senate when he became princeps of Rome in 27 BC and established the monarchy that ruled the empire

Front 53

Jesus

Back 53

4 BC- 30 AD, Jewish preacher believed by christians to be the Messiah

Front 54

Paul

Back 54

5 BC-64 AD, influential early christian leader, born in Tarsus, grew up in a Greek speaking Jewish home, traveled widely to preach

Front 55

Constantine

Back 55

ruled from 312-337, lived from 272-337
may have converted to Christianity late in life, issued the edict of Milan in 313, first imperial ruling allowing christianity, moved the capital from Rome to Constantinople in 330

Front 56

Vandals

Back 56

a germanic tribe that attacked North Africa in 430 AD and sacked Rome in 455, brutal fighting/looting techniques, thus the word came to be known as any deliberate act of destruction