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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What act allowed all nations to have equal rights to trade anywhere in China?
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Open Door Policy.
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In 1898, what did the Qing Emperor do to shock China's coservative leaders?
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He tried to institute a series of reforms to change the examination and governmental administration and to promote industry.
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What did the Conservative leaders do to about the Qing Emperor's reforms?
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They notified the emperor's aunt, the empress dowager Cuxi.
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What's a dowager?
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Widow of an earlier ruler.
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What did Cuxi do to the Qing Emperor?
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She quickly had the emperor imprisoned, and for the next 10 years she ruled China in his place.
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Empress Cuxi choose to fight outside interferences by doing everythign could do to stir up hatret for foreigners, especially the missionaries. What were the affects of this?
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A patriotic movement called the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists.
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What was another name for the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists?
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Boxers.
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What occured after the formation of the Boxers?
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The Boxer Rebellion.
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What occured during the Boxer Rebellions?
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They would roam throughout China attacking foreigners at every opportunity.
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What happened to these foreiners in china? Where would they go for safety?
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They fled to their embassies in Beijing for protection. Until they became under siege by the Boxers.
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What did the Imperialist nations do about the Boxer Rebellion?
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They organized forces and broke the siege placed on Beijing.
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What Nations were part of supressing the Boxer Rebellion in 1901?
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Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia, Japan, and the US.
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What nation used the Boxer Rebellion as an excuse to move 100,000 troops to the northern Chinese province of Manchuria?
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Russia.
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What two nations protected China from being divided among the Imperialist nations?
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Japan and Russia.
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Did the Boxer Rebellion ever succeed to remove all foreigners from China?
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No.
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What political party was dedicated into nationalizing China to become an independent nation.
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Kuomintang.
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What did Kuomintang mean?
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Nationalist People's Party.
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Who was the founder of the Kuomintang political party?
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Sun Yat-sen.
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where was Sun Yat-sen educated?
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Hawaii, United States; as well as a British College in Hong Kong.
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What did the nationalists want in China?
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Constitutional Government; Industrialization.
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Why did the nationalists want China to industrialize?
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To defend them from foreign nations.
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What was the former method of government called after the overthrow of the corrupt Qing Dynasty in 1911?
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"Old China."
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What was the kind of government the Chinese nationalists wanted?
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The Chinese Republic.
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When did the Kuomintang force the last Qing emperor?
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February 1912.
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What was Sun Yat-sen's description of the republic's ruling philosophy?
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"The Three Principles of the People."
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What were the three parts of "The Three Principles of the People" created by Sun Yat-sen in China?
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The People's government; people's rights; and peopl's livelihood.
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What did these principles call for?
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(1) Political unification; end of foreign influence.
(2) Change to democratic government; Rights for all Chinese people. (3) Economic improvements; Industrialization. |
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What land did the Kuomintang originally control in southern China.
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Guangzhou.
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What title gained power during the last year of the Qing Dynasty.
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Warlords.
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What did these warlords do which proposed problems for the Kuomintang in China?
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They refused to surrender their power and land without a fight.
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What did the Nationalists wish to establish after defeating the warlords?
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the Republic of China as a strong central government.
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What did the Kuomintang do to establish their goal of the central government of the Republic of China?
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They asked for foreign intervention.
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What nations responded to this plead in 1920?
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The Soviet Union.
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Who replaced Sun yat-sen after his death in 1925?
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Chiang Kai-shek.
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What was the name of the military campaign started by Chiang in China, against the warlords of the north?
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Norhtern Expedition.
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Did the Northern expedition succeed? What provinces did they occupy after this?
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Yes; Wuhan and Nanjing on the Chang Jiang, as well as Beijing two years later.
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What party was left wing in China? Right?
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Socialists and Communists; The Conservatives
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What did the Socialists and Communists support in China?
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More power in the hands of peasants and workers.
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What did the Conservatives want in China?
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To avoid radical change, especially reforms designed to give more power to the poor.
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Who was the leader of the Conservatives?
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Chiang Kai-shek.
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In 1927, Chiange expelled all Soviet advisers from the country and did what?
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He attacked all the party's left-wing members.
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Troops loyal to Chiang attacked what/who? They arrested them then executed them on the spot.
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Communist stronghold of Shanghai.
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With no one left to apose him, Chiang established a Nationalist government where?
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Nanjing.
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Eventually what kind of government was established in China?
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A one-party system with Chiang as virtual dictator.
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A lot of China's wealth was spent on Militarization, when initially they wanted to what?
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Industrialize.
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What held back China's economic development after the revolution?
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Foeign control of natural resources.
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What two problems did the Nationalists fail to solve in China?
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Land ownership; taxes.
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In July 1921, a small group of Chinese intellectuals met in Shanghai to discuss what?
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Chinese Communist Party.
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What was the Chinese Communist Party inspired by?
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The Russian Revolution.
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Who was the Chinese Communist party inspired by?
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Karl Marx, and Lenin.
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What was the execution of many Chinese Communists in 1927 called?
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The Purge of 1927.
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What did Chiang do after he realized in 1930 he didn't exterminate the Communist Part?
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He went on a large scale to Annihilate communism once and for all.
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Where did the communists who survived the Purge of 1927 flee to?
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Jiangxi province.
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In Jiangxi the Chinese Communists established their own government modeling it after what?
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The Russian Communist Regime
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What was the establishment of the Chinese Communist government in Jiangxi called?
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Chinese Soviet Republic.
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What occured after the Nationalists sieged the Chinese Soviets in Jiangxi?
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The Communists eventually broke through the siege and fled.
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After the Chinese Soviets escaped the Nationalists grip in Jiangxi 100,000 communists traveled over 6,000 miles. What was this called?
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The Long March.
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How many Communists made it to the end of the march?
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10,000 communists.
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Where did the Long march end?
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Shaanxi.
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Where did the remaining communists establish their new headwuarters?
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Yan-an.
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Who did the Chinese Communists choose to lead them?
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Mao Zedong.
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What social class of citizens in China newly began to suport the Communists after fleeing Jiangxi.
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Peasants.
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What was the name of the Communist Army existing in China?
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The Communist Army or The Red Army.
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