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28 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are Arab nomads called?
Bedouins.
Define the term ALLAH and it's connection to the Muslim world between 600 and 1200.
It was the one and only true Muslim God.
Define the term MUHAMMAD and it's connection to the Muslim world between 600 and 1200.
Muhammad was a prophet of Allah who was born into the clan of a powerful Meccan family but led a less than stellar life. He had little schooling and married his "boss" Khadijah. He had a revelation that ultimately led to the visit he received from an angel named Gabriel. He told Muhammad he was a messenger of Allah and had him proclaim the word.
Define the term ISLAM and it's connection to the Muslim world between 600 and 1200.
Literally translates to "submission of Allah", and was the name of the Muslim religion.
Define the term HIJRAH and it's connection to the Muslim world between 600 and 1200.
The migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yahtrib (later called Medina) in 622.
Define the term HAJJ and it's connection to the Muslim world between 600 and 1200.
A part of one of the five pillars of Islam, a pilgrimage to Mecca a Muslim must do if he has the physical and financial strength to do so. Pilgrims wear identical garments so that they are all seen as equals among Allah.
Define the term SHI'A and it's connection to the Muslim world between 600 and 1200.
A group of Muslims who disagreed with the Umayyad's rule. There name translates to "party of Ali". Members of the group were called Shi'ites.
Define the term SUFI and it's connection to the Muslim world between 600 and 1200.
Another group that rejected the luxurious life of the Ummayads. They pursued a life of poverty and devotion to the spiritual path.
Define the term HOUSE OF WISDOM and it's connection to the Muslim world between 600 and 1200.
A house the Calipth al-Ma'mun opened in Baghdad to give the city a combination library, academy, and translation center. Scholars of different cultures and beliefs worked there side by side translating texts from Greece, India, Persian, and elsewhere into Arabic in the early 800s.
Describe the religious environment into which Muhammad was born.
Muhammad was born into a very religious environment, and he took a great interest in it and often spent time alone in prayer and meditation.
Why did many people in Mecca reject Muhammad's ideas at first?
Because they believed his revolutionary ideas would lead to neglect of the traditional Arab gods. They feared that Mecca would lose it's position as a pilgrimage center if people accepted Muhammad's monotheistic beliefs.
How did early Muslims view and treat Jews and Christians?
They believe in religous tolerance.
Why were the "rightly guided" caliphs so successful in spreading Islam?
They used the Qur'an and Muhammad's actions to guide as leadership as well, and one of the caliphs- Abu-Bakr promised the Muslim community he would uphold what Muhammad stood for. He created the word "jihad", which means striving, that can refer to an inner struggle against evil, however it is also used in the Qur'an as a struggle against non-beleivers. He used this word to encourage and justify the expansion of Islam.
What were the main reasons for the split between the Sunni and the Shi'a?
The Shi'a were more outwardly resistant to the Umayyad's rule.
Why did trade flourish under the Abbasids?
Because they moved the capital of the empire to Baghdad, a new city at the time, a location on key trade routes gave the caliph access to trade goods, gold, and information about the far flung empire.
How was Muslim society structured?
There are four social classes. The upper class contains those who were Muslims at birth. Converts were second class. The third class consisted of the "protected people" and included Christians, Jews, and Zorastians. The lowest class was composed of slaves, prisoners of war, and non-Muslims. Woman also had more power than in most cultures, but they were still expected to submit to men.
What were some of the practical reasons Muslims had for supporting the advancement of science?
Ask her! IDK!
In which fields of learning did Muslims excel?
Astronomy, medicine, and mathematics.
How did the art and architecture of the Muslims reflect cultural blending?
They took the past and followed traditions from the old days.
________ major Muslim caliphates build empires on parts of three continents.
Four
661-750: _______ caliphate.
Umayyad
750-1258: _______ caliphate.
Abbasid
756-976: ________ caliphate.
Umayyads of al-Anadalus (Spain)
909-1171: _______ caliphate. (North Africa, Egypt, Western Arabia, and Syria)
Fatimid
Muslim scholars preserve, blend, and expand knowledge, especially in what?
Mathematics, astronomy, architecture, and medical science.
Who does Muhammad receives revelations from?
Allah.
The ________________ are Muslims' basic religious duties.
Five Pillars of Islam
The sources of authority, the ______ and the _______, guide daily life.
Qur'an, Sunna