World History Chapter 1

Front 1

Homo sapiens also known as "thinking man" developed about ________ years ago in present day ________.

Back 1

200,000/Africa

Front 2

Characteristics of homo sapiens that set it apart from predecessors:

Back 2

1.Walked upright 2. Larger brain 3. Used tools

Front 3

Paleolithic Era

Back 3

The Old Stone Age lasted fromprehistory to about 10,000 BC and Humans lived a hunter-gathererlifestyle.

Front 4

Neolithic Revolution, also known as the ________ began about ________ BC.

Back 4

New Stone Age/ 10,000.

When humans learned agriculture. Being able to grow their own foodhelped humans settle into permanent communities. The birth rate also soared &division of labor developed.

Front 5

Bronze Age lasted from _______ to _______ and was named after __________.

Back 5

7,000 to 1,500BC / the material humans used to make tools.

Front 6

The Sumerians

Back 6

Theearliest recorded human society -developed in Mesopotamia c. 5,000-3,000BC

Front 7

Cuneiform

Back 7

The Sumerian system of writing, carving symbols into wet clay and letting it harden.

Front 8

Hammurabi’s Code

Back 8

The first written law code in humanhistory. The code governed all aspects oflife in Sumerian society.

Front 9

From about ______ onwards, the Egyptians recognized a central rulerand established a unified state.

Back 9

3100BC

Front 10

Ammit

Back 10

Goddess of Truth and Balance.

Front 11

The Book of the Deadc. 1500BC

Back 11

An Egyptian religious text containing instructions on how tonavigate the afterlife. It contained spells on how to protect yourself fromattack by animals and angry gods, as well as a series of “negativeconfessions”.

Front 12

Hatshepsut

Back 12

Egyptian Queen who declared herself pharaoh in 1473 BC. She ruled 21 years, established trade with other countries.

Front 13

Hittites

Back 13

A warrior civilization that took over the Sumerians about c. 1500BC. The Hittites were the first people to use iron tools and weapons, ushering in the Iron Age (1200-1000BC) .

Front 14

Hebrew civilization

Back 14

The earliest inhabitants of Israel, these Semitic speaking peoplesmigrated to the region c. 1500BC. Many Hebrews were enslaved over time by the Egyptians.

Front 15

Moses

Back 15

Hebrew leader who led his people out of slavery in Egypt c. 1300BC. During their journey, Moses began converting the Hebrew people tomonotheism.

Front 16

Solomon

Back 16

The most famous king of the Hebrews, ruled 970-935BC. Built the famous Temple in Jerusalem – the holiest site in Judaism.

Front 17

The Assyrians

Back 17

Warlike civilizationthat ruled Mesopotamia from c. 900-612BC. Ruthless conquerorsand rulers, the Assyrians’ mistreatment of other tribes led to their downfall.

Front 18

Daoism

Back 18

A Chinese philosophy developedduring the second century BC. Because change is constant,humans should act in harmony with the world and let nature take its course. Nature is self-correcting,everything will find a balance over time.

Front 19

Shang Dynasty, c. 1700-1050 BC

Back 19

First recorded dynasty in Chinese history. A bronze age agricultural society, the Shang were a polytheistic people ruled by a semi-divine king. Their society was based on an early form of feudalism.

Front 20

Mandate of Heaven

Back 20

The gods allowed a king to rule(gave him a mandate).As long as the king ruled fairly,the gods allowed him to continue in power.If a ruler failed to protect hispeople from invasion, however, the gods would withdraw their mandate.

Front 21

Confucius, 551-479 BC

Back 21

Chinese philosopher who lived during the chaos of the Era of the Warring States. He developed a philosophy that stressed a return to traditional values such as virtue (jen). He urged respect for your superiors and emphasized the importance of education for advancement. He argued that leaders should be virtuous and lead by example, not by the use of force

Front 22

Shi Huang Di ruled 221-210 BC

Back 22

First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty, enacted many reforms such as: Abolishing slavery, Enacting a standard law code, Instituting a standard system of weights and measurements, Standardizing the monetary system, and Constructing roads throughout the empire

Front 23

Legalism

Back 23

Legalismasserts that humans are fundamentally evil and must be watched closely byauthorities. Legalistsbelieved in strict punishments for crimes and censorship. Thisphilosophy led the Chinese over time to develop a highly centralizedgovernment, with multiple levels of bureaucracy to oversee the activities ofcitizens.

Front 24

The Han Dynasty, 206 BC-220 AD

Back 24

A period of regeneration andscientific achievement.

Front 25

Wu Ti, ruled 140-87 BC

Back 25

Greatest of the Han rulers, known for making Confucianism the state philosophy. He also enlarged the empire through military conquest, China’s current geographic boundaries almost set during this period.

Front 26

Indus Valley Civilization, 2500-1500 BC

Back 26

A bronze age, polytheistic society that developed a system of writing.

Front 27

Aryan civilization,the Vedic Age 1500-600BC

Back 27

The Aryans, a warlike, iron-agecivilization, migrated into the Indus Valley region c. 1500 BC, conquering the local peoples. They laid the foundation for thefaith of Hinduism. They also introduced the castesystem.

Front 28

Hinduism

Back 28

A polytheistic faith that developedover the centuries. Hinduism emphasizes living avirtuous life and treating all living beings with respect. By means of reincarnation, thesoul can be purified and reunited with the Spirit of Brahma.

Front 29

Caste system

Back 29

The rigid class system set up inancient India under the Aryans. There was no movement betweencastes, and members of each caste had to follow a specific set of rules.

Front 30

After several centuries of internal warfare the ________ came to power under _________ (320BC – 185BC). He unites much of the region under his rule

Back 30

Mauryan Empire / Chandagupta

Front 31

_______ (Chandragupta’s grandson) was a fierce Mauryan military ruler who converted to Buddhism and spread that philosophy through India and southeast Asia.

Back 31

Ashoka - 273-233 BC

Front 32

Buddhism - formed by Siddhartha Gautama

Back 32

A philosophy founded by Siddhartha Gautama (6th century BC). The Four Noble Truths form the basis of this philosophy, emphasizing that it is our desires that cause suffering. The Buddha rejected the caste system, emphasizing that everyone could achieve enlightenment.

Front 33

Gupta Empire, 320-600s AD

Back 33

The Golden Age of Indian history. Many advancements made inmathematics, science and contact with other civilizations.

Front 34

Medieval India:Waves of Foreign Invasion...

Back 34

711 – Muslim invaders arrive inthe Indus Valley. 962 – Turkish Muslims pushfurther into western India.

1200s-1400s – Mongol invasionfrom the NorthhAccept-Language.

Front 35

Mahmud of Ghazni (r. 997-1030)

Back 35

Ruthless Turkish Muslim ruler who conquered much of north centralIndia, destroying and looting Hindu temples. He also established a royal courtin Ghazni and supported thework of Muslim scientists and artists.

Front 36

Zoroastrianism

Back 36

The Persian religion that developedc. 650 BC. Followers believed the world wascontrolled by two warring gods: one of goodness and light, the other of eviland darkness. This faith also introduced the idea of Heaven and Hell.

Front 37

Cyrusthe Great, c.585-530 BC

Back 37

Persian king who used zoroastrianism to unite his people and conquer much of the known world.

Front 38

DariusI, 549-486 BC

Back 38

A Persian king known for effectively governing his large empire by: dividing it into territories ruled by individual, local governors, building public works such as a postal system & constructing roads, Instituting a common currency, and practicing religious toleration.

Front 39

By the 7th century BC the Greek polis (city-state) is on the rise. forms include....

Back 39

Monarchy(rule by one), Oligarchy(rule by a few), Tyranny(rule by a tyrant), Democracy(rule by the people – ‘demos’).

Front 40

Solon,c. 630-540BC

Back 40

Greek leader who introduced democracy to Athens. He opened up public office to non-nobles and a bolished slavery as a punishment for debt.