World History Chapter 1

Front 1

Artifact

Back 1

remains, such as tools, jewelry, and other human-made objects.

Front 2

Culture

Back 2

peoples unique way of life

Front 3

Mary Leakey

Back 3

In 1978 found prehistoric footprints that resembled those of modern humans. These footprints proved that man walked upright.

Front 4

Donald Johanson

Back 4

In 1974 found unusually complete skeleton of an adult female hominid. He named the skeleton Lucy.

Front 5

Lucy

Back 5

Oldest hominid skeleton found.

Front 6

Paleothic Age

Back 6

The Old Stone Age. Oldest stone chopping tools date back to this era.

Front 7

Neolithic Age

Back 7

The New Stone Age. @nd stage of Stone Age. Hominids learned to polish stone tools, make pottery, grow crops and raise animals.

Front 8

Austrolopithecines

Back 8

First hominid that walked upright.

Front 9

Homo Habilis

Back 9

First hominid to use and make tools.

Front 10

Homo Erectus

Back 10

hominid that used intelligence to develop technology.

Front 11

Technology

Back 11

ways of applying knowledge, tools and inventions to meet their needs.

Front 12

Homo Sapiens

Back 12

the species name for modern humans.

Front 13

Cro-Magnons

Back 13

hominid almost identical to modern humans. Advanced skill in spoken language.

Front 14

Neanderthals

Back 14

First hominid to develop religious beliefs and performed rituals.

Front 15

Nomads

Back 15

people who wander from place to place

Front 16

Hunter-Gatherers

Back 16

food supply depended on hunting animals and collecting plant foods.

Front 17

Neolithic Revolution

Back 17

Agricultural revolution

Front 18

Slash and burn farming

Back 18

cut trees or grasses and burned them to clear a field.

Front 19

Domestication

Back 19

taming of animals

Front 20

Artisans

Back 20

skilled workers who make goods by hand

Front 21

Specialization

Back 21

the development of skills in a specific kind of work.

Front 22

institution

Back 22

a long lasting pattern of organization in a community.

Front 23

civilization

Back 23

a complex culture with five characteristics.
advanced cities
specialized workers
complex institutions
record keeping
advanced technology

Front 24

Scribes

Back 24

professional record keepers

Front 25

Cuneiform

Back 25

wedge shaped writing done by scribes

Front 26

Bronze Age

Back 26

time when people began using bronze, rather than copper and stone, to make tools and weapons.

Front 27

Ziggurat

Back 27

Pyramid shaped monument in the city of UR

Front 28

Leonard Woolley

Back 28

discovered one of the earliest civilizations called the city of UR.

Front 29

Ur

Back 29

Earliest city found in Sumer. Had social classes based on wealth.

Front 30

Barter

Back 30

way of trading good and services without money.

Front 31

Hominid

Back 31

Humans and other creatures that walk upright.

Front 32

excavating

Back 32

Digging a plot of land and sifting dirt for traces of early settlements.

Front 33

Stylus

Back 33

a sharpened reed scribes used to write on clay in Sumer

Front 34

Irrigation

Back 34

Way of bringing water to fields to help crops grow.

Front 35

Ice Ages

Back 35

Much of the paleolithic glaciers altenately advanced and retreated as many as 18 times.

Front 36

Glaciers

Back 36

Huge masses of slowly moving ice.

Front 37

Olduvai Gorge

Back 37

Gorge in Northern Tanzania where the Leakeys discovered Homo Habilis and the 1st tool hominids used.

Front 38

Neander Valley

Back 38

In germany where spotted fossilized bone fragments were found.

Front 39

Sanidar

Back 39

Cave in northeastern Iraq where evidence of Neanderthal funeral was found.

Front 40

Iceman

Back 40

discovered in germany. early mummified human with tool kit.

Front 41

Lascaux

Back 41

Place in France where cave paintings were found.

Front 42

Catal Huyak

Back 42

Village in south central Turkey where agriculture flourished.

Front 43

Sumerians

Back 43

One of first civilizations located in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq).