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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ignatius of Loyola |
the Spanish knight who founded the Society of Jesus, or Jesuits |
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Petarch |
Florentine humanist, poet, and scholar who assembled a library of Greek and roman manuscripts to encourage learning |
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Flanders |
a prosperous region of cities in the present day Netherlands, France, and Belgium, where the northern Renaissance began |
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Patron |
person who provides financial support for the arts |
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Elizabeth I |
daughter of Henry VIII; queen for 45 years, brought compromise between Catholics and Protestants |
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Theocracy |
a government run by religious leaders |
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Robert Boyle |
explained all matter as being composed of tiny particles that behave in knowable ways; proposed laws governing gases |
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Perspective |
the artistic technique that allows an artist to portray depth and three-dimensional qualities by making distant objects smaller |
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Michelangelo |
artist; created the sculpture David and painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel |
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Nicolaus Copernicus |
Polish astronomer who proposed a heliocentric model of the universe |
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Council of Trent |
appointed by the pope in 1545; over 20 years, advised about reforms to answer the Protestant challenge |
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Baldassare Castiglione |
wrote the "Book of the Courtier" describing the manners and qualities aristocratic men and women should display |
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Nicolo machiavelli |
wrote "The Prince" describing how to rule in an age of ruthless power politics |
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Johann Gutenburg |
in 1455, printed a complete bible on a printing press with movable type |
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engraving |
a technique in which artist etches a design on a metal plate using acid; the plate is then used t o make prints |
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vernacular |
the everyday spoken language of the common people |
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Erasmus |
an important religious scholar; called for the translation of the Bible into the vernacular |
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Thomas More |
wrote "Utopia", which describes and ideal and peaceful society in which people live in peace, all are educated, and crime is eliminiated |
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Mary Tudor |
daughter of Henry and Catherine of Aragon; as queen she tried to restore Catholicism in England |
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Shakespeare |
the leading English language poet and playwright of the Renaissance |
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indulgences |
in the Roman Catholic Church, pardons for sins committed during a person's life |
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Gravity |
proposed by newton as the force that keeps planets in orbit |
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Martin Luther |
the German monk who triggered the revolt against the Roman Catholic Church in 1517 |
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Raphael |
painter; blended Christian and classical styles; famous works include "The School of Athens" and his portrayals of the Madonna |
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Wittenburg |
city in northern Germany where Luther drew up his 95 Theses |
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Charles V |
the Holy Roman emperor who ordered Luther to recant his 95 Theses |
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diet |
assembly or legislature |
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John Calvin |
a reformer who preached predestination and the living of a saintly life |
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Galileo |
the scientist who proved that the Earth moves around the sun; in 1633, the Inquisition forced him to recant his heliocentric views |
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Predestination |
the idea that God had predetermined who would gain salvation |
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heliocentric |
Copernicus's idea that he sun and not the Earth was at the center of the universe |
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Leonardo Da Vinci |
artist, scientist, and inventor best known for the "Mona Lisa" and "The Last Supper" and sketches of inventions such as flying machines |
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humanism |
the Renaissance intellectual movement that studied classical cultures to increase understanding of their own times |
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Geneva |
the Swiss city where, in 1541, John Calvin was asked to establish a Christian community |
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Sects |
a subgroup of a major religious group |
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humanities |
subjects such as grammar, poetry, rhetoric, and history |
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Thomas Crammer |
first archbishop of the Church of England, wrote "The Book of Common Prayer" |
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Florence |
an Italian city-state that produced many gifted artists, scholars, scientists, and architects |
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compromise |
an acceptable middle ground |
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Rene Descartes |
proposed the need to search for probable knowledge; the only assumption he could not question was doubt itself |
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Hypothesis |
a logical or possible explanation to a problem to be tested using the scientific method |
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Teresa of Avila |
began an order of nuns, reformed Spanish convents and monastaries |
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ghetto |
a separate sections of a city where members of a minority group are forced to live |
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Tycho Brahe |
Danish astronomer who collected data to prove that Copernicus was correct |
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Johannes Kepler |
mathematician who plotted the orbits of planets and discovered they are elliptical |
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Utopian |
idealistic or visionary, usually to describe a perfect society |
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Albrecht Durer |
applied painting techniques to engraving; spread Renaissance ideas in northern Europe |
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Francis Bacon |
with Descartes, rejected the assumptions of Aristotle; viewed the scientific goal as improving technology, not supporting the Bible |
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scientific method |
a step-by-step process of discovery requiring the collection of accurately measured data |
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Henry VIII |
king of England; caused England to break away from the Catholic Church |
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Issac Newton |
argued that there were uniform laws of nature and that all motions could be measured mathematically |
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canonized |
to recognize someone as a saint |
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calculus |
a branch of mathematics partially developed by Newton |
