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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1st European explorer sailing for Spain, to discover the Americas on Oct. 12th 1492. He sailed west to reach the east but landed in the Caribbean Islands on the Island of San Salvador
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Christopher Columbus
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land under the control of another nation
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colony
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a Spanish conquistador who in 1519 landed in Mexico and managed to conquer the Aztecs & capture Tenochtitlan, their capital.
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Hernando Cortes
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Spanish soldiers, explorers, & fortune hunters who took part in the conquest of the Americas in the 16th C.
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conquistador
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Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca Empire in 1532. He captured their ruler Atalhualpa and demanded a room to be filled with gold & twice w/ silver for his release. After recieveing ransom, he strangled the ruler w/ his hands; a cruel Spaniard
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Francisco Pizarro
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Incan ruler who commanded a force of 30,000 warriors in 1532 from the capital, Cuzco
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Atalhualpa
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a mixed blood, Spanish & Native American person
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mestizo
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Spanish system of forced labor; a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it.
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encomienda
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France under Samuel Champlain settled Quebec, Canada with its capital at Montreal (Mount Royal)
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New France
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The first permanent English settlement in the Americas (Virginia)
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Jamestown
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In 1620, a group who founded a second English colony called Plymouth, Massachussets; persecuted for religious beliefs
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Pilgrims
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a religious group who sought religious freedom from England's Anglican Church.
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Puritans
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Dutch land holdings in North America along the Hudson River (Albany,NY) , Hudson Bay & Hudson Strait; set up as fur trading posts w/ Iroquois by Dutch West India Co.
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New Netherland
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A conflict between England and France in North America as part of a larger conflict in Europe (Seven Years War). In America France was defeated in 1763 surrendering their lands in North America giving Britain the eastern half.
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French & Indian War
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King Philip (Metacom) as leader of the Powhatan Tribe led an attack on the colonial villages of Manhattan. Colonists fought back and within a year ran the Indians out of the region w/ both sides massacring hundreds
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Metacom
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Buying & selling Africans for work in the Americas. Begun by the Portugal & Spain between 1500 -1600. Later known as the Middle Passage & dominated by England
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Atlantic Slave Trade
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The transatlantic trading network along which slaves & other goods were carried betw. Africa, England, & Europe, the West Indies & colonies in the Americas
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Triangular Trade
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The voyage that brought captured Africans to the West Indies, & later to North & South America to be sold as slaves; middle leg of Triangular Trade route
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Middle Passage
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A slave ship on which the slaves mutinied & took control of the ship, taking it to England. Courts in England pled the case for the slaves to be freed & returned to Africa
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Amistad
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A song made popular by the ending of the slave trade in Great Britain
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Amazing Grace
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The global transfer of plants, animals, drugs and diseases that occurred during the European colonization of the Americas
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Columbian Exchange
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An economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in buiness ventures in order to make a profit
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capitalism
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A business in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose, then share the profits.
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joint-stock company
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An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought (trade surplus)
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mercantilism
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An economic situation in which a country sells more goods abroad than it buys from abroad (trade surplus)
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favorable balance of trade
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