World History Ap Chapters 1-9

Front 1

Current arcaheological theory support Louis and Mary Leakey's discovery that the cradle of humanity is

Back 1

Africa

Front 2

Humans are members of a family of primates known as

Back 2

Hominids

Front 3

Modern research has found what percentage of human DNA to be identical to that of apes?

Back 3

99 percent

Front 4

Austrolepithecine "Lucy" was found where?

Back 4

Ethiopia

Front 5

The largest brains of the early hominds were those of

Back 5

Homo habilis

Front 6

Which of the hominids first developed speech, probably about 50,000 years ago?

Back 6

Homo sapiens

Front 7

When poplations migrated from Africa and populated the world's landmasses, what physical adaptation occured?

Back 7

Skin pigmentation

Front 8

What is meant by culture?

Back 8

Learned patterns of expression and action

Front 9

The Neolithic era is associated with which of the following?

Back 9

The rise of agriculture

Front 10

Travel between continents in early human diasporas was accomplished by

Back 10

Walking across land bridges

Front 11

Most early human activity centered on

Back 11

Gathering food

Front 12

The Agricultural Revolutions occured in which era?

Back 12

Neolithic

Front 13

Women played a major role in the transition to crop cultivation because

Back 13

They were the primary gatherers of wild plant foods

Front 14

Rice was first grown in which area?

Back 14

China

Front 15

The greatest change caused by the gradual adoption of agriculture was

Back 15

A global population increase

Front 16

The religions of farming communities tended to focus on

Back 16

An earth mother of female deity

Front 17

Matrilineal societies were

Back 17

Defined by maternal heritage

Front 18

What are the criteria for "civilization?"

Back 18

Cities, control of a geographic area as a means of power, status distinctions record keeping. (ALL)

Front 19

Agriculture in Mesopotamia depended on

Back 19

Artificial canals and irrigation

Front 20

The earliest historically documented people of Mesopotamia were the

Back 20

Sumerians

Front 21

The term city-state refers to

Back 21

An urban center and the agricultural hinterlands it controlled

Front 22

In Mesopotamian cities, the temples

Back 22

Housed the cult of the deity or deities

Front 23

In the third millenium B.C.E., the political ruler in Sumer was

Back 23

A lugal

Front 24

A means of distinguishing slaves in Mesopotamian society was by

Back 24

A particular hairstyle

Front 25

Historians can infer that Mesopotamian society was made up of

Back 25

three classes

Front 26

Which of the following about women in Mesopotamia was probably not true

Back 26

They could be appoiunted to government positions

Front 27

Mesopotamian priests

Back 27

Inherited their positions from their fathers

Front 28

The most visible part of the temple compound was the

Back 28

ziggurat

Front 29

The term city-state refers to

Back 29

An urban center and the agricultural hinterlands it controlled

Front 30

The Mesopotamian writing system is called

Back 30

cuneiform

Front 31

In Mesopotamian cities, the temples

Back 31

Housed the cult of the deity or deities

Front 32

The first metal that the Mesopotamians used was

Back 32

bronze

Front 33

In the third millenium B.C.E., the political ruler in Sumer was

Back 33

A lugal

Front 34

A means of distinguishing slaves in Mesopotamian society was by

Back 34

A particular hairstyle

Front 35

Historians can infer that Mesopotamian society was made up of

Back 35

three classes

Front 36

Which of the following about women in Mesopotamia was probably not true

Back 36

They could be appointed to government positions

Front 37

Mesopotamian priests

Back 37

Inherited their positions from their fathers

Front 38

The most visible part of the temple compound was the

Back 38

ziggurat

Front 39

The Mesopotamian writing system is called

Back 39

cuneiform

Front 40

The first metal that the Mesopotamians used was

Back 40

bronze

Front 41

Cuneiform writing was accomplished by

Back 41

Incising written symbols in clay

Front 42

Mesopotamian's numeric system was unique because it was

Back 42

base-60

Front 43

The culture that developed in Egypt was unique large because of

Back 43

Egypt's natural isolation and essential self-sufficiency

Front 44

Crucial to Egypt's agriculture was

Back 44

Proximity to the Nile River

Front 45

Which of the following was not among Egypt's natural resources?

Back 45

Salt

Front 46

According to Egyptian belief, the function assigned by the gods to the Egyptian kings was to maintain ma'at, or the

Back 46

Divinely authorized order of the universe

Front 47

Egyptian writing was

Back 47

BOTH on papyrus in a cursive script and in hieroglyphics for monuments

Front 48

Occupations in Egypt were generally

Back 48

Hereditary

Front 49

Women in Egypt seemed to have

Back 49

Rights of divorce, rights to property, more status than in Mesopotamia, subordinate status to men (ALL)

Front 50

Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley civilizations were all

Back 50

based on fertile floodplains and river valleys

Front 51

The two main cities of early Indian civilization are

Back 51

Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro

Front 52

Which was NOT a technology found in Indian civilization?

Back 52

Mummification

Front 53

The Indus Valley system of writing

Back 53

has not been deciphered

Front 54

Which of the following was probably not one of the components of the "systems failure" that brought down the Indus Valley cities

Back 54

That invaders from the north and east drove out the inhabitants

Front 55

In order to discover more specific information about the social structure of Indus Valley civilizations, what needs to be done?

Back 55

The writing of the civilization must be deciphered

Front 56

During the Shang period, ancestor worship became important because

Back 56

Ancestors had special influence with gods

Front 57

The Shang elite were what part of society?

Back 57

Warriors

Front 58

Other than oracle bones, one of the main sources of information on Shang China is

Back 58

royal and elite tombs

Front 59

The Mandate of Heaven meant that the ruler retained the right to rule as long as

Back 59

he remained a wise and principled guardian of his people

Front 60

Signifigant insight into the Zhou period is available to scholars because of

Back 60

The Book of Documents

Front 61

To Confucius, the fundamental element of society was the

Back 61

family

Front 62

The Chinese political system that relied primarily on strict laws and punishments to compel people to behave is called

Back 62

Legalism

Front 63

To Confucius, the fundamental element of society was the

Back 63

family

Front 64

Two indigenous Chinese philosophies that emerged from the Warring States Period are

Back 64

Confucianism and Daoism

Front 65

The Chinese political system that relied primarily on strict laws and punishments to compel people to behave is called

Back 65

Legalism

Front 66

The fundamental idea of Daoism can be summarized as

Back 66

Accepting the world as you find it, avoiding useless struggles, and adhering to the "path" of nature

Front 67

The concept of yin and yang represented the complementary nature of

Back 67

male and female roles in the natural order

Front 68

Two indigenous Chinese philosophies that emerged from the Warring States Period are

Back 68

Confucianism and Daoism

Front 69

Nubia's primary form of transportation for trade was

Back 69

the Nile River

Front 70

The fundamental idea of Daoism can be summarized as

Back 70

Accepting the world as you find it, avoiding useless struggles, and adhering to the "path" of nature

Front 71

How did Nubia become a "corridor" for long-distance trade before 3000 B.C.E.?

Back 71

It connected sub-Saharan Africa with North Africa

Front 72

The concept of yin and yang represented the complementary nature of

Back 72

male and female roles in the natural order

Front 73

The earliest political and economic influence on Nubia was

Back 73

Egypt

Front 74

Nubia's primary form of transportation for trade was

Back 74

the Nile River

Front 75

Which of the following is not true of Egyptian cultural influence on Nubia?

Back 75

Massive pyramids larger than those of Egypt

Front 76

How did Nubia become a "corridor" for long-distance trade before 3000 B.C.E.?

Back 76

It connected sub-Saharan Africa with North Africa

Front 77

Why did the center of power shift to Meroe in the fourth century B.C.E.?

Back 77

It was a better location for agriculture and trade

Front 78

The earliest political and economic influence on Nubia was

Back 78

Egypt

Front 79

Which of the following is not true of Egyptian cultural influence on Nubia?

Back 79

Massive pyramids larger than those of Egypt

Front 80

Why did the center of power shift to Meroe in the fourth century B.C.E.?

Back 80

It was a better location for agriculture and trade

Front 81

The Assyrian ruler was

Back 81

Both a king and a priest

Front 82

Before making any decisions, the Assyrian king would do what?

Back 82

Consult the gods with ritual divination

Front 83

Common to Assyrian artwork were all of the following except

Back 83

Pictures of a peaceful and serene afterlife

Front 84

One of the the contributions from the Assyrian empire

Back 84

the Library of Ashurbanipal

Front 85

The history of Israel was first written down in what script?

Back 85

Phoenician

Front 86

The Assyrian ruler was

Back 86

Both a king and a priest

Front 87

Before making any decisions, the Assyrian king would do what?

Back 87

Consult the gods with ritual divination

Front 88

The homeland of the Assyrian Empire was in

Back 88

northern Mesopotamia

Front 89

The cheif tactic that the Assyrians used to maintain tranquility in their empire was

Back 89

terror

Front 90

Common to Assyrian artwork were all of the following except

Back 90

Pictures of a peaceful and serene afterlife

Front 91

Which of the following is not one of the reasons that the Assyrians were able to conquer vast territories?

Back 91

They had accomplished and wily diplomats

Front 92

One of the the contributions from the Assyrian empire

Back 92

the Library of Ashurbanipal

Front 93

The history of Israel was first written down in what script?

Back 93

Phoenician

Front 94

The Assyrian government used mass deportation to

Back 94

break the spirit of rebellious peoples

Front 95

Information about ancient Israel can be found in the

Back 95

Hebrew Bible

Front 96

The homeland of the Assyrian Empire was in

Back 96

northern Mesopotamia

Front 97

The cheif tactic that the Assyrians used to maintain tranquility in their empire was

Back 97

terror

Front 98

Which of the following is not one of the reasons that the Assyrians were able to conquer vast territories?

Back 98

They had accomplished and wily diplomats

Front 99

The Assyrian government used mass deportation to

Back 99

break the spirit of rebellious peoples

Front 100

Information about ancient Israel can be found in the

Back 100

Hebrew Bible

Front 101

Israel is important partly because

Back 101

it is a crossroads to the Near East, Egypt, and Arabia

Front 102

Which of the following poses a problem for interpreting the history of the early Israelites from the Bible?

Back 102

(ALL) They were pastoralists who did not write down their history for nearly 1,000 years, the Bible was written for religious, nor historical, purposes, the Hebrew Bible was written in several phases by different people, Hebrew civilization was interrupted by conquest several times

Front 103

The stories of Cain and Abel and Sodom and Gomorrah reflect

Back 103

friction between the nomadic and settled peoples of the region

Front 104

The Israelites became devoted to their stern and warlike god, Yahweh, during

Back 104

forty years of wandering in the desert

Front 105

Israel is important partly because

Back 105

it is a crossroads to the Near East, Egypt, and Arabia

Front 106

Which of the following poses a problem for interpreting the history of the early Israelites from the Bible?

Back 106

(ALL) They were pastoralists who did not write down their history for nearly 1,000 years, the Bible was written for religious, nor historical, purposes, the Hebrew Bible was written in several phases by different people, Hebrew civilization was interrupted by conquest several times

Front 107

The basic tenets of Jewish belief and practice prohibit

Back 107

murder, adultery, theft, and lying

Front 108

The stories of Cain and Abel and Sodom and Gomorrah reflect

Back 108

friction between the nomadic and settled peoples of the region

Front 109

The basic Israelite political structure before King Saul was

Back 109

rule by cheiftains of the 12 tribles (descendants of Joseph and Jacob)

Front 110

The Israelites became devoted to their stern and warlike god, Yahweh, during

Back 110

forty years of wandering in the desert

Front 111

In the time of King Solomon, the commercial wealth of Israel was derived from trade with

Back 111

Phoenicia, Arabia, and East Africa

Front 112

The basic tenets of Jewish belief and practice prohibit

Back 112

murder, adultery, theft, and lying

Front 113

What was the Ark of the Covenant?

Back 113

A sacred box containing the tablets of law given to Moses

Front 114

The basic Israelite political structure before King Saul was

Back 114

rule by cheiftains of the 12 tribles (descendants of Joseph and Jacob)

Front 115

Solomon began an ambitious building project to create

Back 115

The First Temple

Front 116

Women in Israelite society were respected because they

Back 116

provided goods and services that sustained the family

Front 117

In the time of King Solomon, the commercial wealth of Israel was derived from trade with

Back 117

Phoenicia, Arabia, and East Africa

Front 118

What was the Ark of the Covenant?

Back 118

A sacred box containing the tablets of law given to Moses

Front 119

Solomon began an ambitious building project to create

Back 119

The First Temple

Front 120

Women in Israelite society were respected because they

Back 120

provided goods and services that sustained the family

Front 121

The Assyrian ruler was

Back 121

Both a king and a priest

Front 122

Before making any decisions, the Assyrian king would do what?

Back 122

Consult the gods with ritual divination

Front 123

Common to Assyrian artwork were all of the following except

Back 123

Pictures of a peaceful and serene afterlife

Front 124

One of the the contributions from the Assyrian empire

Back 124

the Library of Ashurbanipal

Front 125

The history of Israel was first written down in what script?

Back 125

Phoenician

Front 126

The homeland of the Assyrian Empire was in

Back 126

northern Mesopotamia

Front 127

The cheif tactic that the Assyrians used to maintain tranquility in their empire was

Back 127

terror

Front 128

Which of the following is not one of the reasons that the Assyrians were able to conquer vast territories?

Back 128

They had accomplished and wily diplomats

Front 129

The Assyrian government used mass deportation to

Back 129

break the spirit of rebellious peoples

Front 130

Information about ancient Israel can be found in the

Back 130

Hebrew Bible

Front 131

After Solomon's death, the kingdom of Israel was split into

Back 131

Judah and Israel

Front 132

Diaspora means

Back 132

scattering

Front 133

Which of the following rituals did not aid the Jews in maintaining a strong cultural identity after the loss of their state

Back 133

The requirement that men grow beards

Front 134

The exile of Hebrews to Babylon in 587 B.C.E. occurred under

Back 134

Nebuchadnezzar

Front 135

The Phoenicians developed a system of writing based on

Back 135

an alphabet, in which each symbol represented a sound

Front 136

What made certain Phoenician textiles unique?

Back 136

Purple dye

Front 137

Carthage was found by peoples migrating from

Back 137

Phoenicia

Front 138

The merchant aristocracy that controlled Carthage was unique because it

Back 138

allowed ambitious and successful individuals and families to gain political influence

Front 139

By 300 B.C.E., Celtic people were found in what regions?

Back 139

(ALL) Hungary, Turkey, Italy, Greece, Briatin, France, Spain and Ireland

Front 140

The political organization of the Celts was

Back 140

Nonexistent; each Celtic group was regional and followed no one ruler

Front 141

What is a distinctive feature of Celtic miliatary activity?

Back 141

Warriors fought naked and took the heads of enemies

Front 142

Druids were

Back 142

Celtic priests in Gaul and Britain

Front 143

One of the best text sources we have about the Celts was written by

Back 143

Julius Caesar

Front 144

What is a distinctive feature of Celtic miliatary activity?

Back 144

Warriors fought naked and took the heads of enemies

Front 145

Celtic women

Back 145

could inherit their husbands' estates

Front 146

Druids were

Back 146

Celtic priests in Gaul and Britain

Front 147

Unlike other ancient cultures in Europe and western Asia, Celts believed in

Back 147

the belief in reincarnation

Front 148

One of the best text sources we have about the Celts was written by

Back 148

Julius Caesar

Front 149

The cultural core of early Olmec civilization was located at

Back 149

San Lorenze and La Venta

Front 150

Celtic women

Back 150

could inherit their husbands' estates

Front 151

Why did the Olmec lay out their cities in alignment with the paths of stars?

Back 151

They believed in the signifigance of astronomical events

Front 152

Unlike other ancient cultures in Europe and western Asia, Celts believed in

Back 152

the belief in reincarnation

Front 153

The makers of the "giant head" carvings in Mesoamerica were part of which civilization?

Back 153

Olmec

Front 154

The cultural core of early Olmec civilization was located at

Back 154

San Lorenze and La Venta

Front 155

An example of the enduring impact of the Olmec on Mesoamerican life is

Back 155

ritual ball games

Front 156

Why did the Olmec lay out their cities in alignment with the paths of stars?

Back 156

They believed in the signifigance of astronomical events

Front 157

Why was Chavin de Huantar's location pivitol in its success?

Back 157

It was located at the intersection of trade routes between the mountain valleys and the coastal lowlands

Front 158

The makers of the "giant head" carvings in Mesoamerica were part of which civilization?

Back 158

Olmec

Front 159

An example of the enduring impact of the Olmec on Mesoamerican life is

Back 159

ritual ball games

Front 160

Why was Chavin de Huantar's location pivitol in its success?

Back 160

It was located at the intersection of trade routes between the mountain valleys and the coastal lowlands

Front 161

The only domesticated beast of burden in the Andean region was the

Back 161

Llama <3

Front 162

Darius established the administrative center of his empire in

Back 162

Susa

Front 163

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the recovery of the Archaic period?

Back 163

The cure of various infectious diseases

Front 164

After emergence from the Dark Ages, the population of Greece increased as much as five-fold. Which of the following was not a reason for the population increase?

Back 164

Dramatic increases in agriculture needed more labor sources

Front 165

Irrigation in Iran was different that other areas because of the large desert plain. How did they compenate for this?

Back 165

Vertical shafts provided access to underground irrigation

Front 166

Coins were signifigant in all of the following ways except

Back 166

They were used to pay the professional soldiers

Front 167

The Persian provinces were administerd by

Back 167

Satraps or hereditary provincial governors

Front 168

Which of the following is not a tenet of Zoroastrianism?

Back 168

Belief in reincarnation of the dead

Front 169

Close-formed ranks of soldiers, called up in times of war, were called

Back 169

hoplites

Front 170

Despite the adoption of their alphabet system from the Phoenicians, literacy in Greece

Back 170

remained elusive for several centuries, relying on oral traditions

Front 171

An oligarchy is a society in which

Back 171

the wealthy members of society have political power

Front 172

Greek philosophers emphasized which perspective of viewing the world?

Back 172

Rational explanations for the world around them rather than reliance on the supernatural

Front 173

The area of the polis in which citizens would come together to ratify decisions of their leaders was called the

Back 173

agora

Front 174

The Archaic period in Greece began

Back 174

because of renewed contacts with Phoenicia

Front 175

The Greek concept of democracy included political participation by

Back 175

All free, native-born, adult males

Front 176

Who would not have traveled wiith the emperor's entourage in Persia?

Back 176

Magi

Front 177

Under Darius's legal system, subject peoples in Persian territories were

Back 177

still allowed to live under their own laws

Front 178

The Archaic Greek development of humanism, a lasting feature of Western civilization, was

Back 178

a valuing of the uniqueness, rights, and talents of individuals

Front 179

Worship of gods at state sponsored festivals was seen as

Back 179

an expression of civic identity

Front 180

Cyrus and his son ruled their empire by following a practical approach of

Back 180

respecting local priests and native traditions

Front 181

The Medes were the first Iranian people to

Back 181

reach a complex level of political organization

Front 182

How does the Peloponnesian War reveal an inherent flaw in Greek society?

Back 182

The independent poleis fostered rivalry and mistrust among neighbors

Front 183

The most important trade items in ancient Iran were

Back 183

minerals, textiles, and carpets

Front 184

Although Greece is described as "resource poor" in the chapter, it economically prospered

Back 184

through access to foreign resources, markets, and ideas

Front 185

The three great Greek classical philosophers are

Back 185

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

Front 186

The Greeks believed that their gods gave advice through

Back 186

oracles

Front 187

Early Iranian social organization was

Back 187

patriarchal

Front 188

What grew well in the dry environment of Greece?

Back 188

Olive trees, grape vines, and barley

Front 189

The king responsible for unifying Iran was

Back 189

Cyrus

Front 190

Which of the following is not among the policies used by Alexander the Great to control his vast empire?

Back 190

He promoted local militias

Front 191

The father of history in the Western tradition is

Back 191

Herodotus

Front 192

The Greek Dark Age was a period of

Back 192

Poverty, isolation, and depopulation

Front 193

The Persian defeat in the wars with greece was due to all of the following except

Back 193

Domestic political turmoil

Front 194

Greek poleis or city-states developed because of

Back 194

Greek geography, especially mountains, which separated populations

Front 195

Greece was organized into city-states called

Back 195

poleis

Front 196

Which was not a method by which the Persians strengthen their empire?

Back 196

Using a unified, comprehensive law code like Hammurabi's

Front 197

The Greek gods and goddesses were seen as

Back 197

superhuman and immortal, but otherwise anthropomorphic

Front 198

After uniting Media and Persia, Cyrus conquered

Back 198

Lydia and Babylon

Front 199

When Alexander the Great died, his vast empire

Back 199

was broken up into 3 Macedonian dynasties

Front 200

The term Hellenistic Age refers to the

Back 200

Political and cultural influence of Greece over foreign subjects in North Africa and western Asia

Front 201

What can be considered the symbol of Athenian naval success?

Back 201

The trireme

Front 202

The first Romans to reach China's court of Emperor Huan were envoys of which emperor?

Back 202

Marcus Aurelius

Front 203

The economic wealth of the early Roman state was based on

Back 203

farming

Front 204

The center of political action in the Roman Republic was

Back 204

the Senate

Front 205

In Roman society

Back 205

the father's word was law in his household

Front 206

Which statement is true about Roman women?

Back 206

They exercised influence over husbands and sons

Front 207

How did the early Romans view the natural world?

Back 207

As filled with numerous invisible shapeless forces called numina

Front 208

The covenant of protection between the gods and the Romans was called

Back 208

pax deorum

Front 209

Which of the following was not a contributing factor to Roman expansion?

Back 209

the mandate to impose their religion on neighboring regions

Front 210

A signifigant difference in Roman expansion versus Greek was that Romans

Back 210

extended citizenship in degrees to most conquered populations

Front 211

For a period of over 60 years Rome fought a war of expansion with which people?

Back 211

Carthage

Front 212

Two protracted and bloody wars against the Carthagians were important because

Back 212

Rome won control of the western Mediterranean

Front 213

During the Republic, Romans managed their imperial territories by

Back 213

establishing a provincial administration and sending a Roman senator to oversee matters

Front 214

As the numbers of independent farmers declined in the later Republic, Italian landowners increasingly turned to

Back 214

inexpensive slaves

Front 215

What factor caused a decrease in small farms in the Late Roman Republic

Back 215

The growth of latifundia and a shift to notstaple crops

Front 216

The emperor responsible for the reorganization of the Roman government after 31 B.C.E. was

Back 216

Octavian

Front 217

The main reason for the decline of the Roman Republic was

Back 217

miliatary leaders with armies loyal to them rather than to the state

Front 218

Under the Principate, Roman law

Back 218

was based on the Twelve Tables and supplemented by decreed from the Senate and bills from the Assemblies

Front 219

One of the factors that most helped the growth of commerce was

Back 219

the implementation of the "pax romana" or roman peace

Front 220

One of the most enduring consequences of the Roman Empire has been the

Back 220

Romanization of the western Mediterranean

Front 221

Before 212 C.E., many people living outside Italy became Roman citizens

Back 221

after serving lengthy terms of military service

Front 222

The circumstance surrounding Jesus' ministry and acclamation by his followers as the messiah was

Back 222

The Roman occupation of Judaea

Front 223

How is the career of Paul an example of the "cosmopolitan" nature of the Roman Empire?

Back 223

He was able to use the benefits of Roman citizenship, roads, and cities to spread Christianity

Front 224

Why was becoming Christian considered an act of disloyalty in the Roman Empire?

Back 224

Christians could not worship the emperor as a deity

Front 225

Who were not among the earliest converts to Christianity

Back 225

Urban merchants

Front 226

The engineering expertise of the Romans is seen in all of these except

Back 226

gothic cathedrals

Front 227

Starting with the reign of Augustus, the Roman Army was reorganized and redeployed to

Back 227

shift from an offensive to a defensive strategy

Front 228

The most visible symptom of Rome's "third-century crisis" was the

Back 228

frequent change of rulers

Front 229

What was the reason for the economic decline in the third century c.e.?

Back 229

Debasing of coinage by the emperors

Front 230

Who reformed Rome in the third century C.E. and saved it from decline?

Back 230

Diocletian

Front 231

The conversion to Christianity of which Roman emperor ushered in a time of tolerance, acceptance, and eventual dominance of Christianity?

Back 231

Constantine

Front 232

What city became the new imperial capital of the Roman Empire in 324 C.E.?

Back 232

Alexandria

Front 233

The competition among states in the Warring States Period resulted in

Back 233

the creation of the first empire under the Qin state

Front 234

In an effort to increase his power, Shi Huangdi cracked down on

Back 234

Christian missionaries

Front 235

Which of the following was not a tactic used to re-centralize power under the Qin?

Back 235

a return to Confucianist values

Front 236

Because of the influence of Confucian ethics, Chinese values emphasized

Back 236

obeidience and proper conduct

Front 237

One of the great construction projects of Shi Hunag-di was

Back 237

connection of walls which ultimately made up The Great Wall

Front 238

What was buried with the Emperor Shi Huang-di in his elaborate tomb

Back 238

statues of his soldier

Front 239

The Confucian view of proper female behavior was exemplified by the

Back 239

three submissions

Front 240

It was customary for young brides in China to

Back 240

live with their husband's families

Front 241

The Qin ruler took the title Shi Huangdi, whcih meant

Back 241

First Emperor

Front 242

Which is not one of the reasons for the fall of the Qin Empire?

Back 242

Incorporation in the empire of different ethnicities

Front 243

The well-planned urban capital of the Han dynasty was

Back 243

Chang'an

Front 244

How did Gaozu deal with Xiongnu confederation threat?

Back 244

He adopted a policy of appeasement

Front 245

In what way did Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty significantly differ from previous emperors?

Back 245

He was ambitious in exploring and conquering more territory

Front 246

The important Han innovations include the development of

Back 246

The horse collar, the watermill, and the crossbow

Front 247

The leading export commodity of China during the Han was

Back 247

silk

Front 248

Which of the following is not generally considered a contributing factor to the fall of the Han Empire?

Back 248

The subversive ideas of Buddhism

Front 249

The foundations for Indian civilization were laid in which age?

Back 249

Vedic

Front 250

Three harvests each year have been possible in some parts of India because of

Back 250

high rainfall from the monsoons

Front 251

The Vedic Age was a new historical period in India marked by

Back 251

the domincance of Indo-Europeans over India

Front 252

The varna system developed in order to create

Back 252

social order between groups

Front 253

Race became an issue of class differentiation in the Vedic Age as the Aryas competed with the Dasa. The difference was that

Back 253

Aryas were Indo-European and lighter skinned

Front 254

The reincarnation of the atman into a given class depends on

Back 254

karma or deeds in life

Front 255

What is the underlying message of the cycle of reincarnation?

Back 255

You are where you deserve to be

Front 256

Indian ritual sacrifices were intended to

Back 256

promote stability in the world

Front 257

The Brahmins may have delayed the introduction of writing because

Back 257

They were trying to protect their status within society as the keepers of knowledge

Front 258

Which of the following statements about women in the Vedic Age cannot be learned from Vedic literature?

Back 258

They are depicted as slaves to men

Front 259

Which of the following was not a way that individuals sought an alternative path to salvation?

Back 259

Becoming a Brahmin

Front 260

Release from the cycle of reincarnation is called

Back 260

Moksha

Front 261

Buddhism and Jainism gained popularity in the late Vedic period because

Back 261

they offered insight or enlightenment as a path to salvation instead of rituals

Front 262

Jainism adherents believed in extreme nonviolence, to the extent they

Back 262

(ALL) would not inhale bugs, would not practice agriculture, practiced extreme asceticism

Front 263

Siddhart Gautama articulated the "Four Noble Truths", which taught that

Back 263

life is suffering, and suffering is caused by desire

Front 264

Some followers of Buddhism took vows of

Back 264

celibacy, nonviolence, and povery

Front 265

The ultimate spiritual reward in Buddhism is

Back 265

nirvana

Front 266

Buddhists who followed the original teachings of the Buddha are called

Back 266

practitioners of Theravada

Front 267

A Bddhist who had found enlightenment was call

Back 267

bodhisattva

Front 268

Which of the following is not an element of the Hindu religion

Back 268

the denial of the existence of a soul

Front 269

The more popular Hindu deity in the north of India is

Back 269

Vishnu

Front 270

The idea of gods having avatars is demonstrated in Devi/Kali, who represents

Back 270

creation and destruction

Front 271

One of the most common forms of worship in Hinduism is

Back 271

doing service to a deity by feeding its statue

Front 272

One of the most sacred places for pilgrimage in Hinduism is

Back 272

the Ganges River

Front 273

Which of the following has not been a factor in India's habitual political fragmentation?

Back 273

Repeated interference by China in Indian affairs

Front 274

The earliest deciphered Indian writing was

Back 274

the edicts of Ashoka

Front 275

The Mauryan leader Ashoka converted to Buddhism and became a unique leader because

Back 275

he was overwhelmed by the brutality of his early conquests

Front 276

During the first centuries C.E., the two great epics of India take their final form; they are

Back 276

the Ramayana and the Mahabharata

Front 277

Which of the following was not a reason for fostering expansion and prosperity in the post-Mauryan era?

Back 277

uniform religious practices

Front 278

The major reason the Mauryan Empire collapsed was

Back 278

demand for resources by the administrative and miliatary complex

Front 279

What was the greatest advantage of the Gupta Empire army?

Back 279

A well armed cavalry

Front 280

Why is the Gupta Empire decribed as a "theater-state"?

Back 280

The splendor and ceremonies of court advertised the benefits of empire

Front 281

One of the most important contributions made by Gupta intellectuals was the

Back 281

concept of zero

Front 282

A significant factor in extending Gupta power structures was

Back 282

a close alliance with the Brahmins in exchange for land

Front 283

The classical form of the HIndu temple emerged in what era

Back 283

Gupta

Front 284

During the Gupta period, India developed an extensive land and sea trading network by exporting what products?

Back 284

Cotton cloth, ivory, and metalwork

Front 285

The Gupta Empire collapsed in 550 C.E.

Back 285

After invasions by the Huns of Central Asia

Front 286

Southeast Asia first rose to prominence because

Back 286

it was an intermediary in regional trade

Front 287

Southeast Asia is described as a "geologically active zone", meaning that

Back 287

the islands are the tops if a chain of volcanoes

Front 288

Which of the following are not among the plant and animal species that thrive in Southeast Asia

Back 288

Wheat and water buffalo

Front 289

Which of the following were not among the impressive navigational skills developed by the Malay people?

Back 289

the astrolabe

Front 290

Most of Southeast Asia's early commerce was conducted with

Back 290

India and China

Front 291

The first major Southeast Asian center, Funan, dominated what key location for trade

Back 291

The Isthmus of Kra

Front 292

The Srivijayan kingdom was well situated to

Back 292

control vital passageways for shipping

Front 293

The Srivijayan king presented himself as a bodhisattva, or

Back 293

someone who had achieved enlightenment and would share his wisdom with the people

Front 294

The most important cultural influence on Southeast Asian kingdoms came from

Back 294

India

Front 295

One difference between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean seafaring was

Back 295

Mediterranean seamen rarely sailed far from shore

Front 296

The subsequent split of supporters to differen caliphs, or successorsm divided the umma into

Back 296

Shi'ites and Sunnis

Front 297

One of the greatest promoters of Buddhism was

Back 297

King Ashoka of India

Front 298

The capital of the Umayyad caliphate was in

Back 298

Damascus

Front 299

Muhammad's revelations from the angel are compiled in a book called

Back 299

the Quran

Front 300

Most subjects of both Byzantine and Sasanid rulers found common identity in

Back 300

religion

Front 301

The founder of the Umayyad Caliphate was

Back 301

Yazid, son of Mu'awiya

Front 302

The Sasanid Empire was centered in the area that is present-day

Back 302

Iran

Front 303

Islam means

Back 303

surrender to the will of God

Front 304

The Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade fostered the spread of which religion?

Back 304

Buddhism

Front 305

All of the following are true about camels in Arab society except

Back 305

they caused disintergration of the internal road structure because it was no longer necessary

Front 306

The indian Ocean Maritime
forged economic and social ties between

Back 306

East Africa, Arabia, India, China, and Southeast Asia

Front 307

Ships in the Indian Ocean Maritime System were better prepared for long-distance travel than the Greeks because

Back 307

They could take advantage of monsoon winds to drive their ships

Front 308

Which of the following does not constitute a shared cultural heritage or "great tradition"?

Back 308

Political unity

Front 309

What facilitated the spread of Christianity to Armenia?

Back 309

The invention of an Armenian alphabet

Front 310

Most sub-Saharan languages come from one giant linguistic family, called

Back 310

Bantu

Front 311

Which of the following statements is not true about the rule of the Seljuk Empire

Back 311

Mesopotamia grew in populations and influence

Front 312

Family life in the Indian Ocean coastal areas were considered more cosmopolitan becuse

Back 312

blended families were bicultural and bilingual

Front 313

The foundation of Islamic civilization is the Shari'a, or

Back 313

law

Front 314

Why was the direction of prayer focused on Mecca

Back 314

because Mecca is the site of the Ka'ba

Front 315

General Zhang Jian is credited with introducing which of the following to China?

Back 315

Alfalfa and wine grapes

Front 316

Transplanted foods carried by seafarers to Africa include

Back 316

yams and bananas

Front 317

Despite the fact that conversions to Islam were at their peak, Abbasid power declined because

Back 317

the empire had become too big to rule effectively

Front 318

Muhammad's teachings built upon the beliefs of

Back 318

Judaism and Christianity

Front 319

Muslim religious practice is based on the

Back 319

Five Pillars

Front 320

Critical to the functioning of the Silk Road were

Back 320

pastoralists who provided animals, handlers and protection along the road

Front 321

The traditional occupation on the Arabian peninsula was

Back 321

farming

Front 322

After the city of Mecca surrendered to Muhammad, he established a new state based on a

Back 322

common religious faith

Front 323

The establishment of Zoroastrianism and Christianity as offical faiths in the Byzantine and Sasanid Empires set the precedent for what furture ever?

Back 323

The rise of Islam as the focus of an empire

Front 324

The great vision of the Shari'a is an umma with

Back 324

common moral value, minimizing ethnic and political divisions

Front 325

The development of metallury in Africa involved

Back 325

iron

Front 326

What natural resource provided the incentive to trade for southern Saharan dwellers?

Back 326

salt

Front 327

The early inhabitants of the East African island of Madagascar came from

Back 327

the islands of Southeast Asia

Front 328

After Muhammad's death, the Muslim community

Back 328

chose a caliph, Abu Bakr

Front 329

Africa is home to approximately how many languages, emphasizing its diversity?

Back 329

2000

Front 330

The importance of trans-Saharan trade was that it

Back 330

connected North and South Africa

Front 331

The mariners involved in the Indian Ocean trade were

Back 331

a multilingual and multiethnic group

Front 332

The agricultural area bordering the Sahara Desert is called the Sahel, which in Arabic literally means

Back 332

the coast

Front 333

Which of the following statements about Muslim women is not true?

Back 333

They often played a role in public life

Front 334

Byzantine power was significantly diminished by the Seljuks with

Back 334

the Battle of Manzikert

Front 335

The best primary evidence of early Saharan history consists of

Back 335

a vast number of rock paintings and engravings

Front 336

Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam all spread

Back 336

without dependency on a single ethnic or kinship group

Front 337

What was the leading motivation for unification of the Muslims?

Back 337

To fight against the Crusaders

Front 338

Mecca is an important city because it

Back 338

is a caravan city and pilgramage site of the Ka'ba

Front 339

Muhammad conceived Islam after

Back 339

experiencing revelations

Front 340

Which animal was most important to Saharan transportation

Back 340

Camels

Front 341

The decline of the Umayyad dynasty was due to

Back 341

growing unrest among non-Arab Muslims, who demanded access to political power

Front 342

Why did Muhammad leave Mecca for Medina?

Back 342

Meccan leaders were threatened by his popularity

Front 343

What did the Sasanid and Byzantine Empires have in common?

Back 343

Central control of imperial finances

Front 344

Why is the Abbasid rule considered a "golden age"?

Back 344

It created a refined and cosmopolitan culture in Baghdad

Front 345

What military technologies did the Silk Road spread?

Back 345

Chariot warfare, mounted bowmen, and the stirrup

Front 346

Which of the following is not an example of a broad common element underlying African life and culture

Back 346

A common language