World History Ancient Civilizations

Front 1

Prehistory

Back 1

The time before written records

Front 2

History

Back 2

the study of written records

Front 3

Artifacts

Back 3

mad-made history such as tools, weapons, etc

Front 4

Culture

Back 4

the way of life for a people including religion, foods, clothing, written language, etc

Front 5

Paleolithic Age

Back 5

hunter/gatherers, nomads, Old Stone Age

Front 6

Neolithic Age

Back 6

agricultural revolution (they grew crops and could stay in one place), domestication

Front 7

Bronze Age

Back 7

people made tools by smelting copper and tin to make bronze

Front 8

Iron Age

Back 8

tools from iron, it was stronger and more durible than bronze

Front 9

Surplus of Food

Back 9

when civilizations have enough food so they dont have to all be farmers

Front 10

Government

Back 10

it was first formed to regulate food/water use

Front 11

Division of Labor

Back 11

the population does not have to be all farmers, they can do other things such as pottery and science etc

Front 12

Specialization

Back 12

someone becomes specialized in things other than farming

Front 13

Culture Diffusion

Back 13

when cultures spread from there origins to other parts of the world

Front 14

Calendars

Back 14

first used to predict seasons and floods. first made from the moon then the sun

Front 15

Written Language

Back 15

used for passing on of how to do things

Front 16

Nile River

Back 16

largest river in the world, flows south to north, floods once a year

Front 17

Old Kingdom

Back 17

King Menes, Pharaohs, Heiroglyphics, Papyrus, Scribes, and PYRAMIDS

Front 18

Middle Kingdom

Back 18

Golden Age-the best years of ancient Egypt, Hyksos-brought the chariot

Front 19

New Kingdom

Back 19

Ramses Two-last powerful pharaoh, Persians invaded and ended independant egyptian civilization

Front 20

Egyptian Calender

Back 20

based on moon but it eventually got off schedule so they used the "big star" and added 10 days on the end of the year in which they partied

Front 21

Egyptian Religion

Back 21

Polytheistic

Front 22

Amon-Re

Back 22

head god of Egypt, seen as creator, Symbol=Sun

Front 23

Orsis

Back 23

God of Dead (associated with the Nile) periodically died and was reborn, judged those who died

Front 24

Afterlife of Egyptian Religion

Back 24

Book of Dead (Bible of Egyptian religion) Judgement=weighed the heart w/ holy feather-measured peoples good deeds. If your heart failed test, it got eaten my monster. Mummification and pyramids are tombs

Front 25

Society and Economy of Ancient Egypt

Back 25

Society divided in 1/2-Nobility or Peasant, born into social class and very hard to move up
men and women were generally equal

Front 26

Fertile Crescent

Back 26

surrounded by Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Giant Crossroads=easy to invade

Front 27

City-States

Back 27

each had own set of rules seperate from the others EX Kish and Ur

Front 28

Cuneiform

Back 28

pictographic language, over 600 different characters

Front 29

Ziggurats

Back 29

Temples, each city-state had at least one

Front 30

Accomplishments of Ancient Sumer

Back 30

first use of wheel, first number system based on 60, circle=360 degrees, 1 hour=60 minutes & 1 minute=60seconds.

Front 31

Ancient Sumerian Religion

Back 31

polytheistic, each city-state had its own god, gods were unpredictable and harsh, associated with the rivers, they had afterlife but no judgement

Front 32

Akkadians

Back 32

conquered Sumerians, Sargon was their greatest leader

Front 33

Babylonians

Back 33

Hammurabi and Hammurabi's code EX: Eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth

Front 34

Hittites

Back 34

first group in Mesopotamia to smelt iron

Front 35

Assyrians

Back 35

blood thirsty terrorizers, they brought chariots and burned down Babylon and created Ninevah, they also built a library

Front 36

Chaldeans

Back 36

Nebuchadnezzer(built hanging gardens), Babylonian captivity=Hebrews from Isreal to Babylon to be enslaved

Front 37

Persians

Back 37

Cyrus the Great (greatest leader started and kept the empire going) and Gov allowed them to keep local power but they had to swear loyalty to the King of Kings

Front 38

Zoroastrianism

Back 38

Zoroaster was prophet. Taught there was only 1 god, dualistic (good vs evil) Ahufu-Mazda=God, Mythris=Jesus, Ahriman=Satan, Maji=priests

Front 39

Phonecians

Back 39

worlds best merchants and traders, had rare purple dye=indigo became color of royalty. Carthedge=Most important colony

Front 40

Lydians

Back 40

made coin money

Front 41

Hebrews

Back 41

enslaved 2 times, Abraham=founder, Yhwh=God,

Front 42

Diaspora

Back 42

Romans split up Jews and make them leave and rename it Palestine

Front 43

Ancient Indian Geography

Back 43

Hymalayas, Khyber Pass (only way through Hymalayas on land)

Front 44

Indian Rivers

Back 44

Ganges and Indes

Front 45

Indian Climate

Back 45

hot and wet, monsoons (Nov-March blow from N and no rain. Jun-Oct blow from S and rain everyday)

Front 46

Harappan Civilizations

Back 46

First in India, big cities, grain storage, some kind of gov, and written language

Front 47

Indo Aryans

Back 47

came across Khyber Pass, Sanskrit=written language

Front 48

Hinduism

Back 48

based on Vedas (written in Sanskrit), Brahmins=priests

Front 49

Magadha Empire

Back 49

united India, fought with Persians and lost but then Persians fell

Front 50

Mauryan Empire

Back 50

develops out of Magadha Empire, leader Asoko did not like Hinduism so he brought Buddhism

Front 51

Gupta Rulers

Back 51

brought wealth and prosperity to Indians, brought back Hinduism to the people

Front 52

Vedas and Upanishads

Back 52

holy texts of Hinduism

Front 53

Caste System

Back 53

class systen that dictates what the people will do in life. could not move up class in one lifetime

Front 54

Untouchables

Back 54

lowest in caste system, had to do all the jobs no one else wanted (hanling dead, garbage etc)

Front 55

Reincarnation

Back 55

the belief that after you die you come back as someone else entirely

Front 56

Dharma

Back 56

the obligation to perform your moral duty, if you do well, you move up a caste in your next life

Front 57

Karma

Back 57

good and bad forces people create by their actions "what goes around, comes around"

Front 58

Nirvana

Back 58

the highest level you can achieve, unity with God, only Brahmins could achieve this

Front 59

Buddhism

Back 59

based on "all people suffer and suffering is caused by desire" Siddartha Guatama=Buddah

Front 60

4 Noble Truths

Back 60

1. All himan life involves suffer and sorrow 2. Desire causes suffering and sorrow 3. Renouncing desires frees suffering 4. Eightfold path leads to renouncing desires

Front 61

Ancient Chinese rivers

Back 61

Yellow, Yangtze, Xi

Front 62

Shang Dynasty

Back 62

created bureaucracy

Front 63

Zhou Dynasty

Back 63

over threw Shang because they were corrupt and they no longer had the Mandate of Heaven

Front 64

Qin Dynasty

Back 64

reunified China began Great Wall, forcing people to work on wall weakened them

Front 65

Han Dynasty

Back 65

Civil Service System=way to choose gov officials

Front 66

Yin and Yang

Back 66

Yin=female, dark, passive, night, winter. Yang=male, bright, active, day, summer. they have to coexist and have balance to survive

Front 67

Confucianism

Back 67

taught respect for family, elders, and authority. perform duties without question

Front 68

Daoism

Back 68

founded by Lao-Tzu
"Go with the Flow"
Dao-De-Jing=Holy book of Daoism