World History Ch. 1 - 4

Front 1

the study of past societies through an analysis of the items people left behind them

Back 1

archeology

Front 2

A(n) __________ is a complex culture in which large numbers of human beings share a number of common elements.

Back 2

civilization

Front 3

the study of human of human life and culture based on artifacts and human fossils

Back 3

anthropology

Front 4

Neanderthals were probably the first of the early humans to __________

Back 4

bury their dead

Front 5

Which of the following skills was part of the Paleolithic way of life?

Back 5

detailed cave paintings

Front 6

What made it necessary to expand governments?

Back 6

the need to maintain food supplies

Front 7

The Neolithic Revolution __________

Back 7

was a result of systematic agriculture.

Front 8

Craft specializations emerged as a result of __________

Back 8

the trading of goods

Front 9

type of Homo sapiens that lived in Europe and the Middle East between 100,000 and 30,000 B.C.

Back 9

Neanderthals

Front 10

The earliest governments are best described as __________

Back 10

monarchies

Front 11

Where and when did the first Homo sapiens sapiens appear?

Back 11

Africa; 150,000–200,000 years ago

Front 12

Australian aborigines belong to the __________ subgroup.

Back 12

Homo sapiens sapiens

Front 13

The first civilizations developed in __________

Back 13

river valleys.

Front 14

humans and other human-like creatures that walk upright

Back 14

hominids

Front 15

Cyrus was called “the Great” because he __________

Back 15

showed unusual wisdom and compassion.

Front 16

The land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers was known as __________

Back 16

Mesopotamia

Front 17

Most of the people in Egyptian society were __________

Back 17

peasants

Front 18

a high government official in ancient Egypt or in Muslim countries

Back 18

vizier

Front 19

The basic unit of Sumerian civilization was the __________

Back 19

city-state

Front 20

government by divine authority

Back 20

theocracy

Front 21

a massive stepped tower on which was built a temple dedicated to the chief god or goddess of a Sumerian city

Back 21

ziggurat

Front 22

According to their history, the Israelites originally migrated to Palestine from __________

Back 22

Mesopotamia

Front 23

According to the Code of Hammurabi, if a building collapsed and killed the son of the building's owner, __________

Back 23

the builder's son could be put to death.

Front 24

Pharaohs of the Middle Kingdom were seen as __________

Back 24

shepherds of their people.

Front 25

Pyramids were designed primarily as __________

Back 25

burial places for pharaohs.

Front 26

"wedge-shaped", a system of writing developed by the Sumerians using a reed stylus to create wedge-shaped impressions on a clay tablet

Back 26

cuneiform

Front 27

The invention of the __________ made it easier for Sumerians to transport goods.

Back 27

sundial

Front 28

The Phoenician culture was best known for its __________

Back 28

alphabet

Front 29

Ancient Egypt was distinguished from Mesopotamia by __________

Back 29

natural barriers against invasion.

Front 30

The teachings of Siddhartha Gautama are the basis of __________

Back 30

Buddhism

Front 31

______________ is considered the originator of Daoist thought.

Back 31

Laozi

Front 32

__________ hastened the collapse of most Chinese dynasties.

Back 32

Rebellions,

invasions,

and the declining power of the central government.

Front 33

Samudragupta expanded the __________ empire.

Back 33

Gupta

Front 34

The early Hindu God was called __________

Back 34

Brahman

Front 35

one of the five major divisions of Indian classes in ancient times: Brahmans, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, Sudras, and Untouchables

Back 35

caste

Front 36

According to Buddhism, wisdom leads to __________

Back 36

nirvana

Front 37

Confucianism, Daoism, and __________ are three major Chinese schools of thought that emerged between 500 and 200 B.C.

Back 37

Legalism

Front 38

Under the Han, the Chinese invented __________

Back 38

Paper

Front 39

The __________ is considered the longest poem ever written.

Back 39

Mahabharata

Front 40

__________ civilization was centered around the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro.

Back 40

Indus

Front 41

Traders on the Silk Road carried primarily __________

Back 41

luxury goods

Front 42

The Aryan caste system included all of the following except __________

Back 42

Guptas

Front 43

a Chinese Buddhist monk who traveled through the Gupta Empire and admired the character of their rule and their tolerance of Buddhism

Back 43

Faxian

Front 44

The Mauryan Empire flourished under __________

Back 44

Asoka

Front 45

After defeating a Persian army at Issus, Alexander did what?

Back 45

expanded his empire as far as modern Pakistan,

built Alexandria, the Greek capital of Egypt,

Defeated Persians in a battle near babylon

Front 46

During the Age of Pericles, the Athenians became deeply attached to their political system of __________

Back 46

direct democracy

Front 47

The Greek city-states relied on infantrymen called __________ for their defense.

Back 47

hoplites

Front 48

why did Alexandria stand out among other Hellenistic cities

Back 48

home for scholars of all kinds

library

a museum for research

Front 49

The Minoan civilization, which flourished between 2700 and 1450 B.C., was established

Back 49

on Crete

Front 50

__________, one of the early Greek philosophers, taught that the essence of the universe could be found in music and numbers.

Back 50

Pythagoras

Front 51

in early Greek city-states, an open area that served as a gathering place and as a market

Back 51

agora

Front 52

A turning point in the Great Peloponnesian War came when __________

Back 52

Sparta destroyed the Athenian fleet.

Front 53

in ancient Greece, a sacred shrine where a god or goddess was said to reveal the future through a priest or priestess

Back 53

Oracle

Front 54

in early Greek city-states, a fortified gathering place at the top of a hill which was sometimes the site of temples and public buildings

Back 54

Acropolis

Front 55

why did Greek culture spread in Southwest Asia during the Hellenistic Era?

Back 55

Greek administrators, architects, actors, and others moved to the new Greek cities.

All government business was transacted in Greek rather than native languages.

Hellenistic rulers encouraged a massive spread of Greek colonists to Southwest Asia.

Front 56

In order to learn the will of the gods, the Greeks __________

Back 56

made use of oracles

Front 57

a defensive alliance against the Persians formed by Athenians.

Back 57

Delian League

Front 58

__________, by Aeschylus, is the only complete Greek trilogy we possess today.

Back 58

The Oresteia

Front 59

A group of five men, ephors were __________ leaders in Sparta responsible for the education of youth and the conduct of all citizens.

Back 59

elected