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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ahimsa
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nonviolence
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Moksha
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Hindu release from the cycle of rebirth
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Vedas
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Hindu religious writings introduced by Aryans
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A place of worship for Muslims
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mosque
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The 1st pillar of Islam
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declare there is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet
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2nd pillar of Islam
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Pray 5 times a day facing Mecca and the Kaaba stone
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3rd pillar of Islam
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Give charity to the poor- "hajj"
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4th pillar of Islam
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Fast during Ramadan
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5th pillar of Islam
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Try to go on a pilgramage to Mecca at least once in your life
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Muslims believe they descended from _____
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Ishmael
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Sharia
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Islamic laws derived from the Koran.
Cover religion, family, gov't, all aspects of life. |
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Muslims that believed the that caliph to Muhammad should have been a relative of Muhammad.
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Shiites
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Muslims that believe the caliph should be chosen from among the Muslim leaders (not a relative).
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Sunni
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Muslims whose spiritual style invovles mysticism and poetic imagery. They sought to communicate with God through meditation, fasting, and rituals. Spread Islam through missionary work.
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Sufis
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Conquered Islamic world, spread Islam to central Asia- beyond just Arabs.
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Tamerlane
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How did the Abassid dynasty come to power?
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By inviting all Umayyads to a banquet and then killing them all. Hands-on.
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Successor
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Caliph
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First successor to Muhammad?
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Abu Bakr
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Muslims tried to invade northern France, but they were defeated at which battle?
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The Battle of Tours-- there Muslim advance in Europe halted.
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The 4th caliph, assassinated in 661
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Ali
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Who was Ali assassinated by?
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Abassids
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90% of Muslims today are what?
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Sunni
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Dynasty after Ali's death
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Umayyad
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Umayyads were hated by who, and why?
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a. Shiites
b. Because they killed Ali's son and defeated Ali. |
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Which dynasty overtook the Umayyads?
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Abbassid
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Which dynasty ended Arab dominance and made Islam a universal religion?
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Abbassid
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Minarets
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Slender towers of mosques
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Muezzin
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mosque official who climbed the minaret each day and prayed
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The Abbassid capital?
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Baghdad
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Muslim Golden Age...under which empire?
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Abbassid, duh
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Why was it a golden age?
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-Social mobility
-Slaves were brought from other countries, but Muslims were not enslaved and there were ways to be freed from slavery |
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Arabesque?
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Intricate designs composed of curved lines that decorated mosques, since no pictures of god or Muhammad were permitted
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The Delhi Sultanate.
Why was it named a "sultanate"? |
Land was ruled by a sutan @ Delhi
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What kind of people were very common converts to Islam?
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Hindus, because Islam rejected the caste system
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In 1398, Tamerlane invaded Delhi. What happened?
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-Smashed up Delhi
-Enslaved artisans to build a new capital at Samarkand -Sultans lost control -India fragmented into rivaling Hindu & Muslim states |
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Who had to pay taxes and why?
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Non-Muslims...because the tolerance level wasn't where it could have been
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Urdu?
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New language...mixture of Persian, Arabic, and Hindi
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Who blended the Islamic and Hindu faiths to make what religion?
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Nanak; Sikhism
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Babur
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-Head of Turkis and Mongol invaders
-Military genius and poet -Set up Mughal dynasty -1526 to 1857 |
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Akbar
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-grandson of Babur
-Held a reign from 1556-1605 -Was Muslim, but one the favor and respect of the Hindus as well -Extremely tolerant and caring -Ended the tax on non-Muslims -Wanted religious harmony, through toleration -Paid government officials to hold jobs instead of heirs |
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Jahangir
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-Son of Akbar
-Much weaker -Had his wife rule basically FOR him |
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Shah Jahan
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-Akbar's grandson
-Built Taj Mahal |
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Why was the Taj Mahal built?
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As a tomb for Shah Jahan's wife's untimely death.
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Aurangzeb
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-Shah Jahan's son
-Usurped the throne before his father could build a twin to the Taj Mahal -Locked his father in prison until he died -Rejected Akbar's tolerance policy -Re-prosecuted Hindus -Economic hardships, heavy taxes, and intolerance led to discontent ^This sparked a revolt against Mughal rule. |
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Suleiman...emperor of which empire?
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Ottoman
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The Ottoman's golden age was under who?
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Suleiman
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What did Suleiman do that was good for his empire?
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-He strengthened the central government
-Created a bureaucracy -Social organization into 4 classes |
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Janizaries?
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Elite force of Ottoman army
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When and why did the Ottoman empire decline?
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-about 1700
-Behind in technology |
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Where was the Safavid Empire located?
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Persia (present day Iran)
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What kind of Muslim where the Safavids?
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Shiite
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What was the name of the greatest king of the Safavid Empire?
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Abbas the Great
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What was the Safavid policy on toleration?
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They tolerated non-Muslims with respect
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Capital of the Safavid Empire?
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Isfahan
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Where was the international center of silk trading?
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Isfahan
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When did the Safavid glory fade?
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After Abba's death
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What is the sacred text of Islam?
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The Koran/Quran
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What language is the Quran/Koran in?
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Arabic
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To Muslims, what are people of other monotheistic religions known as?
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"People of the Book"
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