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42 Cards in this Set
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New Imperialism |
Period of European empire from roughly 1875-1945 |
New Imperialists included Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, the United States, and Japan. |
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Integrated World Economy |
One part of the world affected another financially |
Raw materials and industrial goods, resources and markets |
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Competition among imperialist powers |
Competition for resources and markets led to a kind of colonial arms race |
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Crime Against Humanity |
Atrocities which, while maybe technically legal in their own jurisdiction, were unforgivable acts of violent barbarianism, regardless |
A term coined by African-American journalist George Washington Williams to explain the conditions of the Congo under the tyrannical and oppressive rule of King Leopold 2 of Belgium. |
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World War |
War defined by its global impact, as well as its global participation |
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Nationalism |
Pride in ones' nation, often to an extent which encouraged empire |
Both imperialists and fascists were nationalistic, to different extents. |
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Balance of Power |
The notion that if both sides were well-equipped to battle, proving sufficient threats to each other, they wouldn't fight |
Think about the Right-Wing rhetoric for looser gun rights. |
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Central Powers & Allied Powers |
The major alliances that fought each other in World War 1 |
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey |
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Total War |
Draws on all weapons and tactics, regardless of laws or conventions |
World War 1 was sometimes called "The Great War," maybe because it was the first type of this war... |
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Treaty of Versailles |
Treaty established to end World War 1 |
This treaty is what made Germany have to concede World War 1 was their fault, and thus pay strict reparations. |
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Mass production |
Method of producing goods in large quantities at low cost per unit |
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Fordism |
Created by Henry Ford, this is a science of labor organization which encouraged mass production through its 3 key characteristics: planning, time-setting, and scientific analysis |
Planning: Have the worker assigned to a specific task before they start work. |
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Scientific Management |
Analysis of the workplace environment in an effort to increase productivity and efficiency |
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Mechanization |
The ploy to make machines do as much of the work as possible |
Conveyor belts... robot arms. We're closer to this, now! |
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Division of Labor |
Assigning each worker a very specialized task, eliminating the need for well-trained or skilled workers |
Seems like the motivation behind this would be paying lower wages, but you had to pay your workers enough that they could actually afford the goods you were producing or your business would crumble! |
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Capitalism |
An economic structure which is centered around capital, which are assets that can accrue wealth |
Monopoly. |
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Reparations |
Fines incurred to a nation to repay war deficits |
Germany had these after World War 1, due to the Treaty of Versailles. |
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Great Depression |
The period of excruciating economical hardship which took place globally from the late 1910s to the early 1920s |
Charlie Chaplin's film "Modern Times" is about this. |
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Overproduction |
Too much supply, and not enough demand |
World War 1 incurred so much demand that overproduction caused the great depression (steep price drops, drastic increase in unemployment rates) |
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State Planning |
A socialist structure of planning the economy, redistributing wealth |
One of FDR's executive actions under "The New Deal." |
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Mass Entertainment |
Forms of entertainment meant to entertain many people at one time |
With the boom in urban populations, forms of mass entertainment, such as movie theaters and amusement parks, became immensely more popular and commonplace. |
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Global Culture |
A culture which is affected not only by the native country but the works of foreign soil |
In film's early days, it was very international and multi-cultural. Before Hollywood, foreign countries were the main exporters of film worldwide. |
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Welfare |
A socialist policy of financial entitlement |
FDR introduced welfare under the New Deal, following the Great Depression. |
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Propoganda |
An effort to manipulate other people through media |
Amoral, not immoral. Often pushing a political agenda. |
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Eugenics |
The science of assigning traits to certain genes, regardless of their actual association with those genes, leading to assigning these traits of said genes to specific races, ultimately resulting in scientific racism, in the context of an attempt to select only the most desirable traits for following generations |
Intersects with scientific racism but may not be inherently racist. |
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Sterilization |
Scientifically rendering an organism incapable of reproduction. |
Sterilization was a tool of negative eugenics |
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Anti-Miscegenation Laws |
Laws which prevented interracial marriages. "Miscegenation" is the mixing of races |
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Scientific Racism |
Racism masquerading as science by presenting data and method, regardless of their actual implications. Considered race a valid biological category |
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Fascism |
An authoritarian, nationalist, and militaristic movement which concerned itself with racial purity and advocated the idea that the nation was under attack by foreign threats which needed to be eliminated for national purification. |
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National Socialist (Nazi) Party |
German fascists led by Adolf Hitler who were responsible for the Holocaust, though THEY called it "The Final Solution," (of course, as a response to what they called "the Jewish Problem"). |
Do I even need to define this one? You know, already! |
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Lebensraum |
"living space." Hitler coined this term in Mein Kampf when he declared that Germans need "lebensraum," justifying his plans for colossal expansion. |
Hitler coined this term in Mein Kampf when he declared that Germans need "lebensraum," justifying his plans for colossal expansion. |
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Blitzkrieg |
A military strategy which involved quickly hitting an enemy with full force, resting, then doing so again. |
Germany used this strategy in World War 2. It worked against a lot of nations, but neither the United States or Russia. American Industrialism pumped out too many counter-measures for them to handle, and Russia's sheer numbers overwhelmed the German army. |
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Shoah |
A Hebrew term for Holocaust |
Some feel "shoah" is more appropriate than the term "holocaust," because Shoah is secular while Holocaust is biblical. |
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Concentration Camp |
There were two types of concentration camps; extermination and forced labor. |
Conditions were so poor that most people put into concentration camps were fated for death. |
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Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere |
What Japan called its slice of the Asian Empire. |
Japan promised to liberate Asia from European occupiers. |
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Japanese American internment |
Americans moved Japanese people to internment camps. |
January 1942. Happened inside of the United States of America. Happened to U.S citizens of Japanese ancestry. "The Boy in the Striped Pajamas."
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Firebombing |
Bombing civilians/ urban populations, not military. |
Allies used firebombing in Hiroshima.
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Hiroshima |
A city in Japan which suffered the strike of an atomic bomb. |
Nagasaki was also bombed. The reasoning behind this move was that it would end the war more quickly, and capture Japan before the Soviets did.
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Genocide |
An attempt to eliminate all people of a certain race, even if only through exile. In other words, not all genocide has to mean mass killing, but it usually does. Raphael Lemkin, the founder of the term "genocide" even says that; Genocide does not have to mean mass killings. |
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Displaced Persons (DPs) |
People who do not have papers belonging to any country |
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United Nations |
An organization created after World War 2 in hopes to prevent anymore global wars. |
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Human Rights |
Human Rights |
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