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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Mesopotamia |
River valley civilization between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers |
Located at modern day Iraq |
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Cunienform |
Wedged shaped form of writing |
Gives a window into Mesopotamian society |
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Sumerian Era characteristics |
* non peaceful *trade *population growth *social classes *independent city-states each with king *majority pesants * agriculture important |
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Mesopotamian kings |
*Not considered devine/representatives of gods *responsible for laws, army, and temple building |
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Class structure Mesopotamia |
1.King 2.priest 3.nobles 4.pesants |
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What was the main reason for writing in Mesopotamia ? |
The main form of writing was religion |
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1300's |
Writing was more pictographic but later became phonetic |
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What kind of religious society was Mesopotamia? |
Polythestic |
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Characteristics of Mesopotamian gods |
*eternal & all powerful *not perfect * man was created to worship gods !* The Creation epic: (p.sorce) tells us they believegods are creators of world & man *violent *wanted to be worshipped *feared |
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The Creation Epic |
* Apsu came to tiamat and complained about the noise man made keeping him awake. * Tiamat destroys man *Marduk battles her and kills her * slits Tiamat in half and created heaven & man from her carcass *dictates mans goal is to worship gods. |
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The Epic of Gilgamesh |
*king Gilgamesh *concerned after friends death *questions unpishnia about life after death * gods agree to eliminate man kind due to lack of sleep *gods tell unpishnia to tear down his house and build a boat & take two of every living creature. *gods end the flood because they were scared & realized they made a mistake * glad not all men died.
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Ziggurat-Ur |
*steeped tarris *large scale building * in center of city- states * religious purpose |
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Sargon-King of Akkad |
* brings city - states under one ruler * ruled for 2 centuries |
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Old Babylonian Era Hammurabi |
*ruler *skilled & sucessful *code of Hammurabi greatest achievement *282 different laws *1st law code of western history *law systems said to be from gods |
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Conclusions code of Hammurabi |
*class divisions *gender divisions *property important *reputation *Morality * retribution |
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Ancient Egypt |
*River vally civilization along the Nile river *floods leave fertal land for agriculture *386, 000 miles but 99% of population lives in maybe 1300 2 miles *transportation/trade/communication * peaceful civilization * geographic barriers prevent invasion innitally |
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Archaic Era |
* Egypt united by King Menes *divine kingship:immortal, non warring |
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Old Kingdom |
*government founded on peace *political & social hierarchy *age of pyramids Giza *Giza tomb for pharaohs *Ma'at order of rule by justice by gods |
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Egypt & afterlife |
*mummification * pharoh role in afterlife *mummification mostly for rich less done for poor stresses importance of afterlife |
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Book of the Dead |
*water important *gods paramount *cattle important *respect others *morality *standards of behavior *repercussions |
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What is the comprehensive written language of Egypt? |
Hieroglyphs *first pictographic *later phonetic |
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Rosetta Stone 196 B.C. |
*key to unlocking hieroglyphic * 3 seperate languahes 1. Top-hieroglyphic 2.Demotic 3.Greek |
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Middle kingdom Egypt |
150 years no clear dynasty after fall of old kingdom *royal gov of thebes established new dynasty *prosperous era *1st forien invasion by Hyksos *established new diety Amen Rah |
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The New Kingdom |
*Almose 1 drives out Hyksos & established new kingdom *warrior kings *expansion & invasion *Imperial power |
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Hatshepsut |
1st great female ruler Became pharoh after husbands death and son too young to rule Step-mother to hier Sucessful |
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What sowed seed for religious revoult in Egypt in the new kingdom? |
Conquest & expansion |
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Amenhotp IV |
Banned all other gods but Aten becomming 1st monothestic ruler |
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Tutankhatch/ Tutankhamen |
Changed it back to Amen Rah once again being polythestic * temple & priest restored |
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Ramses II |
* Hitites threaten Egypt * battle at Kadesh *sees self as powerful god *stalemate battle but claimed a victory by himself * wealth deminished * decline of empire after reign * internal choas / constant invasion |
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Hebrews: monotheistic revolution |
Hebrews were polythestic until Abraham moved to Cannan and claimed El the sole God of everything *relegion used to justify gender divisions *El respected & feared |
Begining of monotheistic society for hebrews |
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Hebrews: Exodus |
* hebrews were contained by Egyptian *exodus= move back to Cannan *sinai covenant plays role in Hebrew life after exodus from Egypt |
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Sinai covenant |
*polythestic until covenant *hebrews believed they were gods chosen people *bilateral agreement between Hebrews and God *outlined ethical demands & responsibilities *10 commandments |
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What form of government did isreal imbrace during the time of 970-930 bc |
*monarch *Saul, David, and Solomon |
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What accured after Solomons death? |
Isreal became devided * by 722 northern kingdom over ran by Assyrians *forced people to move to forien lands to prevent revolts *587 the southern kingdom falls and are taken into Babylonian captivity |
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Isaiah, Hosea, and Micha |
* claimes that the hebrew people broke the covenant & need to repent *formed belief of a national savior/ annointed one sent by God to liberate Israelites. |
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Ancient India |
*river valley civilization along the Indus river *farmers settle in the river valley *600, 000 m^2 territory *2300 BC large urban cities *built on grid system: water sanitation, & large buildings *evidence of trade with Mesopotamia *written language mostly unknown |
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The Vedic Age |
*Aryan migration overran Harappan civilization *creates Sanskrit language * also the Rig Veda composed by Brahmens (priest) introduced *brahmens play large role in society bc they were believed to have understanding of the gods * their were kingd but priest more important *made srict social divisions within India |
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Social divisions of india |
*Brahmins-priest *kuyshatriyas-political class *Vaishyas-middle class *Shudas- commoners 70% population * each caste has subgrups (jatis) Ex. Untouchables lowest member of society |
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1000 bc India how does the Vedic religion change? |
The vedic religion moves away from glory to the gods but rather in the power of the sacrifice its self. *leads to challenge of vedic belief |
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Upanishads |
New ideas in India that undermind traditional Vedic belief. *reincarnation based on Karma *goal to reunite with brahman through meditation *incouraged by rulers |
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Jainism |
Refrain from all material world |
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Buddhism |
*Siddartha Gautama- affluent family looking for joy, argues lifeis not about extremes *4 noble truths of life and 8 fold path of enlightenment *focus on life not afterlife *beginning of monastic communities Meaning to be free of worldly things *underminds caste system *philosophy rather than religion |
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Nirvana |
To be completely at peace |
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Hinduism |
* vedic undermined responds with more devotional religion *evolved from traditional vedic/brahmin *upheld caste system *embraced karma, reincarnation& caste *dharma *goal to reach union with brahaman |
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Dharma |
*rules to live life by *full participation in life *honor & duty important |
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China |
River valley civilization between Yangtze & Yellow rivers *mostly isolated *most of land unfarmable *comlex writing |
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Shang dynasty |
*hereditary kings; intermediaries between heaven & earth *king= son of heaven *over thrown by Zhou |
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Zhou dynasty |
Claim last shang ruler lost heaven's support known as the mandate of heaven. |
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What is the significance of the warring states period in ancient china |
Context for new school of thought |
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Art of war |
Military important How to conduct sucessful battle can also be applied to life |
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