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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the sun and all object that revolve around it
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Solar System
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star that is 109 times wider than the Earth
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Sun
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solid, rocky crust; Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars
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Terrestrial planets
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more gaseous and less dense; Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
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Gas Giant Planets
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ball of ice and rock
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Pluto
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small planet-like objects found mainly between Mars and Jupiter
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Asteroids
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bodies of dust and frozen gases
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Comets
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space debris; pieces of rock and iron
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Meteoroids
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Earth is __ _______ miles from the sun
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93 million
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__% of the Earth's surface is water
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70
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oceans and other bodies of water
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Hydrosphere
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Earth's crust; land above and below the oceans
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Lithosphere
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part of earth that supports life
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Biosphere
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air that we breathe
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Atmosphere
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the atmosphere is made up of:
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78% nitrogen
21% oxygen 1% argon and other gases |
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natural features of Earth's land
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Landforms
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Earth's 7 large landmasses
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Continents
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part of a continent that extends underwater
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Continental Shelf
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solid; nickel and iron; 4,000 miles below the surface
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Inner core
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melted iron and nickel; 1,800 miles below the surface
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Outer core
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hot rock; silicon, oxygen, aluminum, iron, magnesium
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Mantle
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3 to 30 miles deep; plates float on upper mantle
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Crust
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theory that the continents were once joined and then slowly drifted apart
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Continental drift
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one super-continent that existed millions of years ago
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Pangaea
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when one plate collides with another and the heavier plate slides under the lighter plate
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Subduction
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pieces of the earths crust come together slowly as the sea plate slides under the continental plate
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Accretion
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a process which new land is created when sea plates pull apart and magma comes up between the plates
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Spreading
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bends in layers of rock
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Folds
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breaks in the Earth's surface
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Faults
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shaking movements in the plates
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Earthquakes
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where most earthquakes and volcanoes occur
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Ring of Fire
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mountains formed when lava rises through the Earth's crust
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Volcanoes
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hot springs
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Geysers
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process that breaks rocks into pieces
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Weathering
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water dissolves some chemicals in rocks causing them to crumble
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Chemical weathering
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water seeps into cracks of rocks, it freezes and expands, forcing it apart
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Physical weathering
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wearing away of the Earth's surface
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Erosion
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moves dust, sand and soil; results in sand dunes
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Wind erosion
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flowing water cuts into the land; results in valleys and canyons
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Water erosion
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land is changed as large bodies of ice moves across it, creating lakes and valleys
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Glacier erosion
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ice that covers large areas (ice caps)
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Sheet glacier
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when fallen snow in mountains builds up and turns into ice
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Mountain glaciers
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regular movement of water from the ocean to air to ground and back to the ocean
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Water cycle
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sun's heat causes vapor from oceans to rise to form clouds
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Evaporation
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when warm air cools and water vapor turns to liquid water
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Condensation
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__% of water is oceans
_% locked in glaciers _% in groundwater _% in rivers and lakes |
97
2 .5 .5 |
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body of water surrounded by land; usually cut by glaciers and most are freshwater
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Lake
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combine from rivers
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Streams
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freshwater lying beneath the surface and supplies wells and springs
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Groundwater
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rain and melted snow that seeps into the soil
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Main source
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underground rock layer often saturated with water; source of water wells
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Aquifer
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