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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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temperate |
mild; moderate in temperature |
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deforestation |
the process of clearing the land of forest, often to make space for farms and cities |
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navigable |
able to be traveled by boats or ships |
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Eurasia |
a large land mass that includes the continents of Europe and Asia |
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North Sea |
a large arm of the Atlantic Ocean, between Great Britain and the continental Europe |
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North European Plain |
a large, fertile area that extends from the Atlantic Ocean to the Ural Mountains |
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Seine River |
a river that flows from eastern France northward into the English Channel |
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Middle Ages |
a period in European history between A.D. 500 and about the 1500s |
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manor |
in the Middle Ages, a large self-sufficient estate granted to a lord and worked by serfs |
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serf |
in the Middle Ages, a person who was bound to work on a noble's manor |
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feudalism |
staritng in Europe around A.D. 800, system for organizing and governing society |
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lord |
in the Middle Ages, a noble who owned and controlled all activities in his manor |
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vassal |
in the Middles Ages, a noble who usually was given a fief by his lord in exchange for loyalty |
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fief |
In the Middle Ages, a property given to a vassal in exchange for his loyalty |
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guild |
in the Middle Ages, an organization of workers in a trade or craft, that set standards and protected the interests of its members |
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Magna Carta |
a legal document written by English lords in 1215 that stated certain rights and limited the power of the king |
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Charlemagne
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A.D.742-814 King of the Franks from 768-814 and emperor of Rome 800-814 |
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William the Conqueror
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A.D.1027-1087 Norman king; in 1066 he defeated Harold, the Anglo-Saxon king, to become the first Norman king of England |
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King John I
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A.D.1167-1216 King of England from A.D. 1199 to 1216; in 1215 he signed the Magna Carta, giving more rights to British nobles |
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Aachen |
Capital of Charlemagne's empire;a city in present-day Germany |
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Normandy |
a region in northwestern France on the English Channel |
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England |
Part of United Kingdom, on the island of Great Britain |
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monastary |
a community in which monks lead lives devoted to religion |
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nun |
a woman who devotes her life to religion, often living in a convent |
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convent |
a religious community in which women, or nuns live and pray |
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cathedral |
a large or important Christian church |
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saint |
a woman or man considered by a religious group to be especially holy |
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Crusade |
any of the journeys and battles undertaken by European Christians between 1095 and 1270 to win control of the Holy Land (Palestine) from the Muslims |
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plague |
a terrible disease that spreads quickly and kills many people |
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Benedict |
A.D. 480-547 Italian monk; founder of Benedictine order |
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Francis de Assisi |
A.D. 1181-1226 Italian monk who founded the Franciscan order; he devoted his life to serving the poor and sick |
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Pope Urban II |
A.D. 1042-1099 Pope who called for the First Crusade to reclaim Jerusalem from the Muslims |
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Chartres |
a city in northwestern France, noted for its cathedral |
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Renaissance |
a period of great cultural and artistic change that began in Italy around 1350 and spread throughout Europe |
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humanism |
an idea important to the Renaissance that focused on human values and what people can achieve in this world |
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patron |
a supporter of the arts |
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Lorenzo Medici |
A.D. 1449-1492 ruler of Florence during the Renaissance and patron of artists such as Michelangelo |
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Petrarch |
A.D. 1304-1374 Italian Renaissance poet and humanist |
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Michelangelo |
A.D. 1475-1564 Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect and poet |
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Leonardo de Vinci |
A.D. 1452-1519 Italian Renaissance artist, inventor, and scientist |
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Nicolaus Copenicus |
A.D. 1473-1543 Polish astronomer; in 1514 he discovered that Earth and the other planets revolve around the sun |
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Florence |
a city in present-day Italy; one of the great centers of Renaissance art |
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indulgence |
a pardon or forgiveness given by the Roman Catholic Church to people who act against Christian teachings |
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Reformation |
a movement beginning in Europe in the 1500s, to bring reform to the Roman Catholic Church, and leading to Protestantism |
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Protestantism |
the beliefs of Christians who opposed, or protested against the Roman Catholic Church in the 1500s; the beliefs of people who follow a Protestant religion today |
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armada |
a fleet of warships |
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Erasmus |
A.D. 1466-1536 Dutch writer and humanist; he favored reform of the Catholic Church but came to oppose the Protestant Reformation |
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Martin Luther |
A.D. 1483-1546 German monk and leader of the Protestant Reformation |
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Johannes Gutenberg |
A.D. 1400-1468 German printer; in 1448 he invented a printing press that used movable type |
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King Henry VIII |
A.D. 1491-1547 King of England from 1509 to 1547 and founder of the Church of England, he broke with the Catholic Church because the pope would not grant him a divorce |
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Queen Elizabeth I |
A.D. 1533-1603 Queen of England from 1558 to 1603; the English Renaissance flourished during her reign |
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William Shakespeare |
A.D. 1564-1616 English dramatist and poet; considered one of the greatest writers in the English language |
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reform |
to change |
