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49 Cards in this Set
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The original inhabitants of Japan (now located only in Hokkaido)
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Ainu
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the use of a river segment or an artificial pond for the raising and harvesting of food products - including fish, shellfish and seaweed
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Aquaculture
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a set of islands grouped closely together usually elongated into a chain
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Archipelago
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women who served as nurses in the countryside
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Barefoot Doctors
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a country or set of countries separating ideological or political adversaries; Thailand was one between British and French colonial domains in mainland SE Asia
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Buffer State
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the strict social stratification and segregation of people - specifically in India's Hindu society - on the basis of ancestry and occupation
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Caste System
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the clearing and destruction of forests
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Deforestation
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high birth rates and death rates are followed by plunging death rates, producing a huge net population gain; birth and death rates then converge at a low overall level
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Demographic Transition
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the planting, cultivation, and harvesting of two crops successively within a single year on the same plot of farmland
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Double Cropping
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the politico-geographical concept suggesting that the property of one state lying within the boundaries of another actually forms an extension of the first state
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Extraterritoriality
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a country whose institutions have collapsed and in which anarchy prevails; Ex: Somalia
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Failed state
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capital city positioned in actually or potentially contested territory, usually near an international border, it confirms the state's determination to maintain its presence in the region in contention
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Forward Capital
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the geographic study of the configuration of the Earth's solid surface - the world's landscapes and their constituent landforms
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Geomorphology
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the successful recent development of higher-yield, fast-growing varieties of rice and other cereals in certain developing countries
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Green Revolution
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the industries local entrepreneurs establish to serve populations of remote areas when transport costs from distant sources make these goods too expensive to import
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Import Substitution
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territorial embodiment of a successful guerrilla movement. The establishment by antigovernment insurgents of a territorial base in which they exercise full control; thus a state within a state
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Insurgent state
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in trade or migration flows, the presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly dimities the attractiveness of sites farther away
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Intervening Opportunity
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introduction and establishment of the Muslim religion; a process still under way, most notably along the Islamic Front, that marks the southern border of the African Transition Zone
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Islamization
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the number of people per unit area of arable land
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Physiological density
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exists when two regions, through an exchange of raw materials and/or finished products, can specifically satisfy each other's demands
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Regional complementarity
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the regional position or situation of a place relative to the position of other places
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Relative location
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giving a Chinese cultural imprint
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Sinicization
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in a layered or stratified society, the population is divided into a hierarchy of social classes
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Social stratification
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government-controlled cooperations competing under free-market conditions, usually in a tightly regimented society; South Korea in the postwar era is an example
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State Capitalism
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a national group that aspires to become a nation-state but lacks the territorial means to do so; the Palestinians and Kurds of SW Asia are leading examples
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Stateless nations
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occurs in the hot summer months, which produce onshore winds that bring large amounts of rainfall
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Wet monsoon
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language of people in Bangledash
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Bengali
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"way of the warrior"
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Bushido
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oldest living religion in the world (over 6,000 years) founded in India
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Hinduism
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beliefs: reincarnation, the 'divine' is present in all things, everything is impermanent; the universe is a single divine entity which is created and destroyed
Gods: Brahma the Creator God, Vishnu the Preserver God, Shiva the destroyer God Soul: there is an eternal soul, reborn millions of times in many forms |
Hinduism
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founded by Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha (Enlightened One) about 2,600 years ago in India
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Buddhism
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Beliefs based on the Four Noble Truths: all forms of life is suffering, all suffering is caused by desire, the cure to desire is the overcoming of desire, and desire can be cured by following the Eightfold Path (perfect wisdom, attitude, speech, action, livelihood, effort, awareness, absorption)
Gods/Soul: once desire and attachment is overcome, Enlightenment is possible, i.e. the escape from the death-birth cycle |
Buddhism
Hinduism is to Buddhism as Judaism is to Christianity |
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founded around the time of Buddhism by Vardhamana Mahavira in India
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Jainism
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Beliefs: the universe is symbolically shaped like a huge person - humans dwell around the waist, many hells are below & many heavens above, time is an infinite series of cycles, each lasting for millions of years
The emphasis is on vegetarianism, asceticism, fasting, gentleness & never to destroy life wantonly |
Jainism
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Gods - the Worthy Ones are liberated souls having obtained highest insight
Soul: Human souls are potentially divine and capable of unlimited perception and happiness once they have been liberated from the cycle of rebirth |
Jainism
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founded in Northern India 500 years ago; blended from Hindu and Muslim mystics
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Sikhism
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Beliefs - God likes good work, God is without prejudice, men and women are equal before God, one must always speak the truth, it is important to be kind to people and living things
God - single creator God. Omnipotent, no form, eternal, can only be known through meditation Soul - reborn many times after death; cycle can only be broken when the soul is accepted into unity by God |
Sikhism
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emerged 1,400 years ago from agricultural cults, nature and ancestor worship and magic; official religion of Japan
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Shinto
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Beliefs: all human are born innocent and free of evil; Kami is the guiding spirit which guides people's conscience & makes them know right and wrong
Gods- Kami, nature spirits. Sacred powers of the cosmos, Kami can abide in any living thing Soul: no emphasis on what happens after death; withdraw and rise to heaven |
Shinto
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founded 2,500 years ago in China by Confucius
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Confucianism
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Beliefs: respect of teachers, tradition and ancestors; responsible exercise of political power by authority is essential for well-being of state and individual
God: none, Heaven is a fast infinite space composed of yin & yang forces Soul: divides into yin & yang qualities & reconfigures to be reborn |
Confucianism
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founded 2,500 years ago in China by Lao Tse
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Taoism
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Beliefs: freedom from the demands of state on Confucianism. Nothingness & emptiness are ultimate goals in the attainment of physical immortality; mystery of life lies in the vital principles of yin and yang
God - no personal God; behind all existence lies the mysterious and impersonal Tao (the reality underlying all existence) Soul - divides into yin and yang qualities and reconfigures to be reborn |
Taoism
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founded in Palestine (modern day Israel) 4,000 years ago
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Judaism
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Beliefs - Jews see themselves as God's 'Chosen People'; the 10 commandments outline behavior of Jews who believe that all their rules come directly from a sense of obeying God's will
God - single, all-knowing creator God. Name (Yahweh) too holy to be spoken aloud Soul - only one life; soul is immortal and will face the Day of Judgment |
Judaism
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founded by Jesus 2,000 years ago in Palestine
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Christianity
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Beliefs - 10 commandments spell out Christian ethics; emphasis is salvation. Christians believe that God is actively interested in them & that by worship they can receive guidance & release from their sins
God - single, omnipotent creator God. Seen as Trinity: God the Father, Son (Jesus Christ) & the Holy Spirit Soul - one life only; at the end of time, souls and bodies will be raised from the dead and judged by God |
Christianity
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founded by Mohammed 1,400 years ago in Mecca (modern day Saudi Arabia)
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Islam
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Beliefs - being a Muslim demands total surrender to Allah; must follow the 5 Pillars of Islam
God - single, all-powerful creator God. God is just, merciful. Speaks to humans through prophets. Soul - one life only; individuals have to face the Day of Judgment. Some will enter heaven, some will finish in hell |
Islam
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