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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mutual Intelligibility |
two people can understand each other because their languages are so similar (Portuguese/Spanish) |
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Dialects |
difference in pronunciation (syntax, cadence, and pace) |
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Issogloss |
the geographic area in which they share a common linguistic feature (dialect) |
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Language Famalies |
a group of languages descending from a root language (proto-indo-european language) |
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Language Subfamilies |
a group of languages with similar roots (romance languages) |
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Sound Shifts |
a slight change in a word across languages in a sub family or throughout a language family (milk in the romance languages: leche [Spanish], lait [French], and lac [Latin]) |
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Deep Reconstruction |
a technique using the vocabulary of an extinct language to re-create the language that proceeded the extinct language |
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Extinct Language |
a language without and native speakers |
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Proto-Indo-European Language |
every language stemmed off from this (the trunk of the language tree) |
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Nostratic Language |
only the presence is known and there is minimal understanding |
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Language Convergence |
collapsing two languages into one |
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Language Divergence |
new language forms from an old one |
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Pidgin Language |
people speaking two or more languages are in contact and merge their languages together into a simplified version of both to allow communication |
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Creole Language |
a more complex pidgin language that has formed into the native language of a group of people |
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Diffusion Hypothesis for Proto-Indo-European Language |
diffused eastward (southwest Asia -> Caspian Sea -> Russia/Ukrainian plains -> Balkans) |
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Languages Impact on Poitics |
a high correlation between the languages spoken and the political organization of space, but there are exceptions like there are french speaker in Belgium, Switzerland, and Italy |
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Nigeria's Issues with Languages |
more than 500 different languages, but an official language of English, but no one speaks it; they teach students English until they cant afford school anymore so then they return home and stop speaking English |
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Gutenberg Printing Press' Impact on Language |
most people couldn't read or write so they weren't as literate; with a written language it made it harder than spoken language to adopt new words; having a written language makes the culture of a place stronger |
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Toponyms |
the act of naming a place based on a certain character |
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Lingua Franca |
a language used among speakers of different languages for the purpose of trade and commerce |
