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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
True or False
In Latin America, Social inequality and economic hardship led to rest and stability. |
False
In Latin America, Social inequality and ecomonic hardship led to UNrest and INstability |
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a revolt usually by military leaders, against a nation's government
*in LA when unrest threatened law and order, the military would often state this. |
coup d'etat
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as Latin American nations madernized their economies, the gap between ___ and ___ widened.
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the rich and the poor
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the urban working class and the rural poor had little of no _____
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education
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*leftists
*rightists |
*liberals
*conservatives |
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*lefts demanded _____
and supported ______ *rights favored preservation of the traditional _______ wanted to _____ the wealth and power of landlords and industrialists |
* radical change
socialism *social order protect |
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as Latin American nations modernized, _______ became a major issue
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land reforms
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only ____, _____, and _____ had social revolutions that brought basic changes.
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Mexico, Cuba, and Nicaragua
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poverty, illiteracy, and unemployment fueled dicontent in ______?
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Cuba
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1959, this new 'ruler' seized power and has ruled ever since in Cuba
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Fidel Castro
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Castro set up a one-party rule and therefore Cuba became a ______ nation.
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socialist
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because of these actions made by Castro, the United States placed an _____ on Cuba, because they thought they were communist because of their interaction with the Soviet Union.
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embargo
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a complete halt to trade
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embargo
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the ruler that was overthrown in 1979, by rebels in Nicaragua
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Anastasio Somoza
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then after Anastasio's overthrowence, the _____ _____ gained control of the government
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leftist Sandinistas
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the Sandinistas were under who?
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Daniel Ortega
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the forces that opposed the Sandinistas were?
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the contras
*the United States helped them |
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in 1990, the new government in Nicaragua was led by?
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Violeta Chamorro
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in the 1960s-1970s ____, some sought power through democratic means all across LA, and others sought power through guerilla warfare.
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leftists
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the response to the leftists taking control was the ____ and the _____ seizing power
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the military and the right wing
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the democratically elected president in Chile was _____ and then was overthrown by ______
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Salvador Allende
then General Augusto Pinochet |
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Pinochet accused Allende of leading Chile towards ______
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communism
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in the 1980s, _____ groups, human rights activists, and ______ church pushed for democractic elections.
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women's ; Catholic
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economic growth had an impact from _______ and economic nationalism
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World War II
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_____ concluded in making challenges to the economic developments
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population explosions
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in the 1980s, rising interst rates triggered a ______ crisis that slowed development
many nations borrowed to build industries. they had to pay a third of their foreign earnings on interst payments |
debt
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the recover from all the challenges the government _______ and _______.
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lowered tariffs and encouraged foreign investment
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jobs are harder to find in ____
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the cities
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in the cities, because of the minimum of jobs...____ are still low
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wages
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____ in the urban life are better than in the rural life
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slums
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majority of people in poor countries live here?
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rural areas
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tenant farmers get small land for labor, get no pay and if they need it they have to borrow it, which then gets them into debt
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rural life
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the government neglected the needs of people in ______ areas, there fore they move to the _____
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rural, cities
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___ is strong everywhere through out LA
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family life
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___ are dominant in households
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men
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___ is where the girls work with their mothers and prepare food, carry water, and look after the young. and the boys take after what their fathers do
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rural areas
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in the cities, children have more ______, more ______, there is child labor, many poor children rummage through trash, and crimes and _____ lure children in for money
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freedom, opportunities, drugs
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in ____ women do not question their _____, they have no education, they are ______.
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rural, husbands, illiterate
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in the cities, women have more _____ outside the home, and more ______ degrees
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jobs, university
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90% of LA is in the ____ church
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Catholic
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in the ____ the ties in the church weaken
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cities
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_____ theology created divisions within the church
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liberation
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calling on the church to take a more active role in changing the conditions that contributed to poverty
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liberation theology
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el norte = ?
this happened because of _____ refugees and ____ refugees |
The North (United States)
polictical, economic |
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an agricultural community
land reforms divided haciendas into these |
ejidos
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trade that had low tariffs and no restrictions
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free trade
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a foreign-owned plant in which local workers assemble parts into finished goods
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maquiladoras
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a period of sharp increases in prices
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inflation
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shares border with the United States
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Mexico
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very diverse, the north is made up of ruggesd mountains containing a wealth of minerals
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Mexico
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inland has rainforests and deserts, including the central plateau
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Mexico
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97 million people
worlds most populous Spanish-speaking country mostly made up of mestizos |
Mexico
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NA is still strong, 60 groups speak about 40 languages
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Mexico
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38% of the population are under the age of 15
*they need schooling and then later on finding jobs will be a challenge, which leads to POVERTY |
Mexico
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1876-1911, first caudillo. he benefitted the wealthy class, rest of the population, the poorer just got poorer
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Porfirio Diaz
*Mexico* |
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revolts overthrew Diaz and ended up with an 11 year civil war...why? because they had to fight over control of power
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Mexico
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90% of peasants own no land at all
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Mexico
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1917 adopted a new constitution, which calle dfor giving land to peasants, protectin the rights of workers, and limiting t he power of the Catholic Church
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Mexico
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1930s President ______ promoted land reforms
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Lazaro Cardenas
*Mexico* |
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1929-200 the PRI took control
*critics thought of them as: they use fraud and ciolence to stay in power |
Mexico
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in 2000 PRI lose a race to Vicente Fox Quesada from _____
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PAN
*Mexico* |
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after revolution became a _____ economy
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mixed
*Mexico* |
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poverty still remains a major concern
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Mexico
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government had to import food to feed everyone
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Mexico
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government put high tariffs on imports because of the economic nationalism, so factories began producing goods such as cars and appliances
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Mexico
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4th largest oil producer
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Mexico
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1980s, oil prices plunged and interest rates on loans rose this got ____ in a deep debt
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Mexico
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signed NAFTA ( made a huge market with no tariffs and free trade)
also signed free trade agreements with European Union |
Mexico
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free trade made growth of the ______
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maquiladoras
*Mexico* |
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challenges are mostly natural disasters
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Mexico
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covers half of South America
coast is most desirable |
Brazil
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has the sertao, amazon basin, and Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro
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Brazil
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in the N.E., a dry region covered with scrub
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sertao
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162 million people
5th largest population in the world |
Brazil
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has 4 main groups:
-Indians (smallest) -Blacks (50%) --RACISM IS A BIG ISSUE -Portugese -Japanese |
Brazil
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1/3 of the population is under the age of 15
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Brazil
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until 1930s, depended on this single crop?
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coffee
*Brazil* |
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ruled from 1930-1945 tried to lessen their dependance on one crop
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Getulio Vargas
*Brazil* |
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1950s an elected president ________, set out to pack 50 years of progress in 5 years
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Juscelino Kubitschek
*Brazil* |
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Kubitschek left huge debt, and unrest grew
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Brazil
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1964 the army seized power
-welcomed foreign investment |
Brazil
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miliatry invented gasohol
(ended dependence on oil) |
Brazil
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"____ miracle" benefited on the upper and middle class and foreigners
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Brazilian
*Brazil* |
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debt was a serious problem
and environmentally safe ways of modernizing was a problem too |
Brazil
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one of the largest countries in the world
-pampas -Buenos Aires = capitol |
Argentina
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36 million people
-most live in cities -most live in Buenos Aires -few NA -1/2 of population is in the middle class |
Argentina
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not a stable governemtn
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Argentina
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1946 Peron was elected president (dictator)
-Eva was his wife -she manipulated people for their money -when she died, peron was exiled *then he came back in 1973 |
Argentina
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1955 the army seized power
ruled from 1955-1983 sometiems directly and sometimes by controlling elected leaders |
Argentina
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when Peron died, Isabell (his new wife) became president
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Argentina
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1976, military took rule again and made a 'dirty war'
-unrest -30,000 people disapeared |
Argentina
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1982, took control of Falkland Island and then the British took them back
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Argentina
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1983 democracy was restored
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Argentina
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1989 new president was voted
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Argentina
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1980s runaway inflation hurt workers and employers
-1985 inflation reached 1000% *huge foreign debt* |
Argentina
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making money through pampas and their meats
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Argentina
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Latin American problems were:
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1) social inequality
2) dependance on Europe and U.S. 3) political divisions-revolts 4) geographic barriers, lead to regionalism |
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these did not work, not a great solution
-poverty = uneven land distribution -u.s. thought this was bad and thought of it as communism |
land reform
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because of _____ Chile, in 1969, killed Salvador for the _____
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land reforms, land reforms
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in ____, civil wars over the land reforms
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El Salvador
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Cuban revolution took place in?
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1959
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Fidel Castro =
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a communist (Marxist)
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Cuba aligned with
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the Soviet Union
*ticked U.S. off |
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Fidel Castro nationalized most of the ???
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sugarlands
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