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54 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What new invention was taught to boys and girls in Sumer?
writing
Scribes
a professional writer
Why were Scribes important?
They kept records for priests and kings.
When did scribes begin school and at what age did they finish?
Started at age 8 and finished 10 years later.
Sumer was located in what region?
Mesopotamia
What drew people to Mesopotamia?
Rich fertile soil and life-giving rivers.
What does the word "Mesopotamia" mean?
Land between the two rivers
What two rivers were on the sides of Mesopotamia?
Tigris and Euphrates
Name the region in SW Asia which was home to the 1st civilization. Mesopotamia was part of it.
Fertile Crescent
How did the Fertile Crescent get it's name?
It got it's name by it's shape. It looked like a crescent moon.
City State
Is a city that is also an independent state.
Polytheism
Belief in many gods/goddesses
myths
traditional stories that explained people's belief (not true stories)
What was at the heart of a Sumerian City?
A ziggurate, a temple for the main god/goddess.
Describe a Ziggurat.
looked like pyramids made of terraces, one on top of the other. At the top was the shrine.
Explain the religious ceremonies by the Sumerians that honored their gods/goddesses.
Priests would wash the statues
Meals laid before the statues as offerings.
Music would be heard playing
Incense burned
Poetry was also read
What geographical features made life in the Fertile Crescent possible?
The rich solil and life-giving rivers (features) made life possible in the Fertile Crescent
Why did the people continue to live in the Fertile Crescent despite the flooding?
The benefits (clay, fish, rich soil). Benefits outweighed the harm, they did not have to constantly move to find food.
Why was religion so important to the Sumerians?
The Sumerians believed that the gods would punish people who angered them and reward people who served them well.
Describe the geography of Mesopotamia?
Located between the Tigris & Euphrates rivers, had plenty of water and rich soil.
How did Mesopotamia's geography help civilizations to develop in the area?
Plenty water & fertile soil encouraged people to settle in the area and develop civilizations.
In what ways were the cities in Sumer alike?
The cities shared a common language and culture.
In what ways were the cities of Sumer different?
Each city was its own independent city-state; with its own gov't., own army, own gods/goddesses.
How did the Sumerians practice their religion?
Worshipped at temples called ziggurates. Practiced polytheism, & through religion ceremonies.
What do the religious practices of the Sumerians tell us about their values?
They valued their religious beliefs, food and music.
What made Babylonia a crossroads of trade?
It's central location
How did the Assyrians build a large empire?
They decided their best defense would be to attack first. These surprise attacks made the empire very large.
Why did the Assyrian empire fall?
The Chaldeans & the Medes joined forces to defeat the Assyrians.
What events led to the second rise of Babylonia?
After defeating the Assyrians, the Chalodeans & Medes rebuilt & fortified the city of Babylon.
Where was the city of Babylon located, and why was it important?
Babylon was located near the center of Mesopotamia. It was the center for trade & the capital of great empires.
How did the New Babylon Empire build on the acievements of earlier empires?
It drew on the learning & science of earlier empire.
How did the Assyrians build an empire?
The assyrians used advanced military technologies to conquer surrounding peoples.
How was the Assyrian empire similar to or different from ther Fertile Crescent empires?
Similar: emphasis on conquests & learning.
Different: developed new military technologies
Where did the Persians come from and what were their main achievements?
Present day Iran - developed an advanced bureaucracy & supported science & math. Rich trade network spread to neighbors.
Why was Huammurabi's Code important?
Written laws meant everyone could know the frules & punishments could be fair.
What did Sumerian scribes do?
They recorded sales & trades, tax payments, gifts for gods, marriages & deaths, letters.
When, where and how did writing first develop?
Mesopotamia round 3100 BC. At first people drew symbols (like the object), later the symbols developed into groups of wedges & lines.
What was Hammurabi's Code, and what was its purpose in ancient Babylonia?
Written set of laws folled to prevent people from breaking rules and to punish them if they did.
What does the expression "an eye for an eye" mean?
The punishment equaled the crime.
Hammurabi's Code was fair in some ways. Explain.
Laws were made to help people settle conflicts.
Hammurabi's Code was unfair in some ways. Explain.
Laws were applied unqually depending on the victim's class in society.
Whay do you think the Phoenicians looked (traveled) to foreign lands & sea trade to develop wealth?
They had limited resources to trade with neighbors & then took advantage to their location (near the sea) to expand their trade & wealth.
How did the Phoenician alphabet spread throughout the ancient world?
It spread because of sea trade.
What resources did the Phoenician first use to build their wealth?
First used the dyed cloth (from sails) and woood (cedar) to build their wealth.
Who were the Israelites?
People that were called Hebrews, that lived in the Jordan River Valley, and made a huge impact on our civilization.
Who were the Poenicians?
People that lived along the E. coast of the Mediterranean Sea & developed sea trade routes throughout the Med. Sea.
How did the Phoenicians gain their wealth & power?
1st, through selling (trade) wood and dyes to their neighbors. Later they gained power through sea trade.
What are some features of the Poenician alphabet?
Made up of 22 symbols that represented sounds: each letter stood for one consonant. Easier than cuneiform.
Describe the importance of the Phoenician alphabet?
Easy to learn. It made trading easier. Spread throughout the Mediterranean Sea quickly. Basis for later alphabet system.
According to the Torah, what was the covenant revewed by Moses between God & the Israelites?
God would lead the Israelites to Canaan if the Israelites would obey God faithfully.
What are the Ten Commandments?
Laws the Israelites believed God gave them to follow.
How did the Jews preserve their heritage?
By living together in close communities; obeying their religious laws; worship at their temples & following their traditions.
What promis did the Israelties believe God made to Abraham?
They believed God promised Abraham that his people would be kings and build nations.
What did God's covenant with Abraham require of the Israelites?
To obey God faithfully.