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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What new invention was taught to boys and girls in Sumer?
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writing
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Scribes
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a professional writer
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Why were Scribes important?
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They kept records for priests and kings.
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When did scribes begin school and at what age did they finish?
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Started at age 8 and finished 10 years later.
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Sumer was located in what region?
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Mesopotamia
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What drew people to Mesopotamia?
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Rich fertile soil and life-giving rivers.
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What does the word "Mesopotamia" mean?
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Land between the two rivers
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What two rivers were on the sides of Mesopotamia?
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Tigris and Euphrates
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Name the region in SW Asia which was home to the 1st civilization. Mesopotamia was part of it.
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Fertile Crescent
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How did the Fertile Crescent get it's name?
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It got it's name by it's shape. It looked like a crescent moon.
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City State
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Is a city that is also an independent state.
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Polytheism
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Belief in many gods/goddesses
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myths
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traditional stories that explained people's belief (not true stories)
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What was at the heart of a Sumerian City?
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A ziggurate, a temple for the main god/goddess.
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Describe a Ziggurat.
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looked like pyramids made of terraces, one on top of the other. At the top was the shrine.
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Explain the religious ceremonies by the Sumerians that honored their gods/goddesses.
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Priests would wash the statues
Meals laid before the statues as offerings. Music would be heard playing Incense burned Poetry was also read |
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What geographical features made life in the Fertile Crescent possible?
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The rich solil and life-giving rivers (features) made life possible in the Fertile Crescent
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Why did the people continue to live in the Fertile Crescent despite the flooding?
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The benefits (clay, fish, rich soil). Benefits outweighed the harm, they did not have to constantly move to find food.
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Why was religion so important to the Sumerians?
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The Sumerians believed that the gods would punish people who angered them and reward people who served them well.
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Describe the geography of Mesopotamia?
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Located between the Tigris & Euphrates rivers, had plenty of water and rich soil.
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How did Mesopotamia's geography help civilizations to develop in the area?
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Plenty water & fertile soil encouraged people to settle in the area and develop civilizations.
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In what ways were the cities in Sumer alike?
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The cities shared a common language and culture.
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In what ways were the cities of Sumer different?
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Each city was its own independent city-state; with its own gov't., own army, own gods/goddesses.
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How did the Sumerians practice their religion?
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Worshipped at temples called ziggurates. Practiced polytheism, & through religion ceremonies.
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What do the religious practices of the Sumerians tell us about their values?
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They valued their religious beliefs, food and music.
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What made Babylonia a crossroads of trade?
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It's central location
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How did the Assyrians build a large empire?
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They decided their best defense would be to attack first. These surprise attacks made the empire very large.
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Why did the Assyrian empire fall?
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The Chaldeans & the Medes joined forces to defeat the Assyrians.
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What events led to the second rise of Babylonia?
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After defeating the Assyrians, the Chalodeans & Medes rebuilt & fortified the city of Babylon.
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Where was the city of Babylon located, and why was it important?
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Babylon was located near the center of Mesopotamia. It was the center for trade & the capital of great empires.
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How did the New Babylon Empire build on the acievements of earlier empires?
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It drew on the learning & science of earlier empire.
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How did the Assyrians build an empire?
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The assyrians used advanced military technologies to conquer surrounding peoples.
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How was the Assyrian empire similar to or different from ther Fertile Crescent empires?
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Similar: emphasis on conquests & learning.
Different: developed new military technologies |
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Where did the Persians come from and what were their main achievements?
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Present day Iran - developed an advanced bureaucracy & supported science & math. Rich trade network spread to neighbors.
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Why was Huammurabi's Code important?
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Written laws meant everyone could know the frules & punishments could be fair.
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What did Sumerian scribes do?
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They recorded sales & trades, tax payments, gifts for gods, marriages & deaths, letters.
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When, where and how did writing first develop?
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Mesopotamia round 3100 BC. At first people drew symbols (like the object), later the symbols developed into groups of wedges & lines.
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What was Hammurabi's Code, and what was its purpose in ancient Babylonia?
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Written set of laws folled to prevent people from breaking rules and to punish them if they did.
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What does the expression "an eye for an eye" mean?
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The punishment equaled the crime.
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Hammurabi's Code was fair in some ways. Explain.
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Laws were made to help people settle conflicts.
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Hammurabi's Code was unfair in some ways. Explain.
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Laws were applied unqually depending on the victim's class in society.
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Whay do you think the Phoenicians looked (traveled) to foreign lands & sea trade to develop wealth?
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They had limited resources to trade with neighbors & then took advantage to their location (near the sea) to expand their trade & wealth.
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How did the Phoenician alphabet spread throughout the ancient world?
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It spread because of sea trade.
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What resources did the Phoenician first use to build their wealth?
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First used the dyed cloth (from sails) and woood (cedar) to build their wealth.
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Who were the Israelites?
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People that were called Hebrews, that lived in the Jordan River Valley, and made a huge impact on our civilization.
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Who were the Poenicians?
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People that lived along the E. coast of the Mediterranean Sea & developed sea trade routes throughout the Med. Sea.
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How did the Phoenicians gain their wealth & power?
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1st, through selling (trade) wood and dyes to their neighbors. Later they gained power through sea trade.
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What are some features of the Poenician alphabet?
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Made up of 22 symbols that represented sounds: each letter stood for one consonant. Easier than cuneiform.
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Describe the importance of the Phoenician alphabet?
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Easy to learn. It made trading easier. Spread throughout the Mediterranean Sea quickly. Basis for later alphabet system.
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According to the Torah, what was the covenant revewed by Moses between God & the Israelites?
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God would lead the Israelites to Canaan if the Israelites would obey God faithfully.
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What are the Ten Commandments?
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Laws the Israelites believed God gave them to follow.
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How did the Jews preserve their heritage?
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By living together in close communities; obeying their religious laws; worship at their temples & following their traditions.
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What promis did the Israelties believe God made to Abraham?
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They believed God promised Abraham that his people would be kings and build nations.
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What did God's covenant with Abraham require of the Israelites?
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To obey God faithfully.
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