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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Absolute Location
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a place’s exact location using latitude and longitude
Example: (38N, 77W) is the absolute location of Washington D.C. |
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Relative Location
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a place’s location in relationship reference to another
Example: The school is located on Lyons Road in between 441 and Hillsboro |
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Place
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Human and Physical Features define this theme
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Physical Features
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This part is described by landforms, vegetation and climate
Example: Lake Okeechobee |
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Human Features
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This part is described by the people who live there, the government and the buildings themselves
Example: Mount Rushmore |
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Human-Environmental Interaction
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How people depend, adapt or change their environment
Example- Cutting down trees to make paper |
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Movement
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The transportation of goods, ideas and people
Example- Exporting Florida orange juice to Michigan |
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Regions
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Sets of places with similar attributes
Example- The Middle East |
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Constantine becomes emperor
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306 AD Constantine became emperor of Rome
Moved the capital to Byzantium Renamed capital Constantinople |
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Fall of Rome
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Rome became weakened by corruption and invaders
Goths and Huns invaded, finally fell to the Germans |
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East Survives
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Highly disciplined army
Center of trade (end of the Silk Road) |
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Age of Justinian
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Created an organized system of laws
Promoted education Preserved Greek art and writing Built the Haiga Sophia (most famous church in the Middle East) |
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Decline of the Byzantine Empire
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Began after Justinian’s death
New conflicts with Turks, Persians and Arabs |
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The Ottoman Empire
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Founded modern day Turkey
Renamed capital Istanbul Changed Hagia Sophia into a mosque 1st Muslim Empire |
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Beginnings of Islam
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1. Mohammad began preaching Islam in Mecca
2. People became angry 3. Forced him to flee to Medina 4. Medina became an important city to Islam 5. Returned to Mecca with a force of 10,000 to convert the city 6. Died 2 years later |
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5 Pillars of Islam
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1. Declaration of Faith- Muslims must declare that there is only 1 God and Mohammad is his final prophet.
2. Prayer- Muslims must pray 5 times a day facing Mecca 3. Almsgiving- Muslims must give money to the needy 4. Fasting- Muslims must fast during the month of Ramadan 5. Pilgrimage- Muslims must travel to Mecca once in their life |
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Other Muslim Beliefs
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1. The word for God in Arabic is Allah
2. Their holy book is the Koran (Quran) 3. Adam, Noah, Moses, Abraham and Jesus are all important religious figures 4. Mohammad was God’s final prophet 5. Koran teaches that men and women are spiritually equal |
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A split in beliefs
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1. After Mohammad’s death the groups split
2. Sunnis believed that anyone could be a leader as long as they were elected by the group 3. Shiites believe that only a descendent of Mohammad can rule |
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Achievements of the Golden Age of Islam
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1. Studied ideas from other cultures
2. This lead Muslim scholars to make great advances in math, science and literature |
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* Math and Science Achievements
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1. Studied Greek and Indian mathematics
2. Al-Khwarizme wrote a book explaining Indian arithmetic 3. Ibn Sina- famous philosopher organized medical knowledge from the Greeks and Arabs |
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Literature Achievements
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1. Poetry was important
2. Sufis were mystics who believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting and leading a simple life 3. Rumi- most famous Muslim poet founded the Whirling Dervishes 4. Whirling Dervishes communicated with God through song and dance |
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Climate
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Mexico/Central America/Caribbean- mostly humid subtropical
South America- varies greatly- depends on elevation, location to the equator and wind patterns |
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Aztecs
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*Center of trade and learning
* Produced medicines * Studied the stars and predicted eclipses |
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Incans
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*Master farmers
* Built aqueducts * Vast system of road increased trade |
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Mayans
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* Accurate calendar
* Developed a system of writing |
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Mexico
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Mostly Roman Catholic, Spanish language is predominant, most families are poor, many have moved to urban areas for better life, manufacturing is growing in Mexico
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Central America
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more diverse population, blend of cultures, Spanish is still the main language but many countries have over 20 languages spoken, Roman Catholic is a major religion, trying to diversify their economies
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Caribbean
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Blend of cultures, European, Native American and Africans. Unique food, music and celebrations
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South America
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4 distinct cultural regions-
Region #1- northern South America is like the Caribbean Region #2- south and west- Many live in the Andes- many languages spoken Region#3- Chile, Argentina and Uruguay- forest, polar regions. Different cultures on the Pampas (plains) Region#4- Brazil- largest country in Latin America. Most people speak Portuguese, but is culturally diverse |
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Geographical Setting
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The Amazon is the largest rainforest in the world
Rainforest cover 6% of the world’s surface 50% of the world’s species are found in the rainforest The rainforest is known as the “Lungs of the Earth” The nickname comes from the key role that rainforests play in Earth’s carbon-oxygen cycle Scientist believe that ¼ of the Earth’s oxygen comes from the rainforest |
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What Native Amazonians Want
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Natives have lived in the Amazon for thousands of years
A sustainable way of life Native people have been driven from their land Today Native Amazonians are fighting to protect the rainforest and their way of life. |
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What Rubber Tappers Want
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1st rubber tappers came to the Amazon in the 1870’s
Rubber tappers make cuts in trees to collect the sap to make rubber This process does not hurt the trees |
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What Loggers Want
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Logging began in the 1960’s
Mahogany and rosewood grow in the rainforest and are valuable Lumber is a $5 billion dollar a year industry for Brazil |
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What Settlers Want
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1960’s Brazilian government encouraged people to settle in the rainforest
Large numbers came looking for land Farming in the rainforest is difficult Soil is poor in nutrients |
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What Cattle Ranchers Want
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Cattle ranching began in the 1960
Ranchers need grass for cattle to graze, therefore cut down trees Brazil makes $1.5 billion a year in exporting beef |
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What Environmentalists Want
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Environmentalists have worked to slow the clearing process
Environmentalists came to the rainforest in the 1970’s This groups wants to protect the rainforest and its biodiversity Environmentalists are trying to create more laws to protect the rainforest |
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Establishing Colonies
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Some were set up by groups of businessmen
Some were set up for freedom of religion One was established as a debtors colony Debtor (one who owes money and would have been put in prison otherwise) 3 distinct regions- New England, Middle and Southern colonies England encourage the settlement of colonies because they were competing for land with France and Spain Regions developed different ways of life, had different climates and resources |
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New England Colonies
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Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut and New Hampshire
Farming was difficult because of long cold winters and soil was rocky and hilly Forests and seas produced useful resources Economy based on small farms, lumbering, fishing, shipbuilding and trade |
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Middle Colonies
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New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware
Landscape varies- fertile coastal plains of New Jersey and Delaware to wooded mountains of New York and Pennsylvania Raised a variety of crops and livestock (animals) Lumbering and shipbuilding were main opportunities Middle colonies were a blend of cultures. Many religions practiced there |
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Southern Colonies
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Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia
Rich soil and hot climate made it ideal for farming Cash Crops (crops grown for profit) such as: tobacco, rice, indigo and cotton, were shipped to other colonies, England and other European countries Wealthy landowners set up plantations or large farms to grow crops Plantation owners relied on indentured servants and enslaved Africans to harvest the fields |
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Government in the Colonies
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King established a charter or formal document outlining boundaries and type of government
Different types of government depending on the purpose for establishment King sent a governor as his representative to all colonies Many colonies elected members of their assemblies to govern Colonies had to establish their own laws and rules to keep order Only free, white land-owning men could vote Women, slaves, servants, skilled tradesmen who were not land-owners could not vote |
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Why We Were Mad
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1) England taxed the Colonies for the French and Indian War.
2) Settlers were not allowed to settle past the Proclamation Line of 1763. 3) Troops were sent to occupy Boston to prevent further uprisings. 4) Citizens were forced to house and feed troops at their expense. 5) Colonists did not have representation in Parliament, therefore they felt that it was not fair to tax them 6) Boston, March 5, 1770, British soldiers killed 5 men and wounded 3 more in the “Boston Massacre” 7) In retaliation for the Boston Tea Party, England passes the Intolerable Acts (stricter laws) 8) Olive Branch Treaty- Colonist sent treaty to King as a peace offering asking for representation and repeal of taxes. King refuses 9) Battles of Lexington and Concord (British troops were sent to arrest Sons of Liberty and impound weapons) took place before Declaration of Independence was signed |
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Why We Won
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1) After the Battle of Saratoga, the United States received help from the French. They sent troops, supplies and officers to help train.
2) US had “home field advantage.” They knew the terrain. 3) We didn’t “play by the rules.” Meaning- army troops would hide in the forests and ambush the British rather than meeting on the battle field. The US used snipers to take out officers. (This was considered taboo). 4) The US was fighting for their freedom while the British were fighting for a King. 5) The US just had to fight long enough for the British to give up and “go home”. The British were fighting at home against the French at this point. They did not have the funds to keep fighting both wars. 6) General Von Steuben (from Prussia) helped organize the Continental Army. He introduced sanitation, organization and new training techniques. |
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The Results
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1) The 13 colonies became an independent nation and was recognized by the British.
2) Britain gave the US all of the land east to the Mississippi, north to the Canadian border and south to the Florida border 3) A new government with elected representatives was formed under the Articles of Confederation 4) The successful revolution encouraged other people (especially the French) to overthrow their governments. |
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Declaration of Independence
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Writer: Thomas Jefferson
Unalienable rights: unchangeable rights that cannot be taken away The Declaration of Independence outlines our unalienable rights: life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness 3 Main Points 1) Opening statement “When in the course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve political bands which have connected them with another…” States that it is a government’s job to protect its people’s unalienable rights. 2) King George has behaved badly and the 2nd point encompasses a list of all of the wrong doings to the colonies. (more than 25 charges) 3) The Colonies have no other choice than to declare themselves free from Britain. John Hancock was the president of the Continental Congress (largest signature) The Founding Fathers were committing TREASON! Punishable by DEATH! (Treason is plotting against your country) |
