World Civilizations Ii

Front 1

What political motivations encouraged the spread of Protestantism?

Back 1

Protestantism provided monarchs an opportunity to break away from the political domination of Rome.

Front 2

The Thirty Years' War began when

Back 2

The Holy Roman Emperor tried to force his Bohemian subjects to return to Catholicism.

Front 3

Isaac Newton's work seemed to suggest that

Back 3

the stars and planets were part of a unified system, governed by the same natural laws.

Front 4

How did Portugal gain an empire in Brazil?

Back 4

The Treaty of Tordesillas, designed to divide the Atlantic between Spain and Portugal, unintentionally granted Brazil to Portugal.

Front 5

Indentured servants who worked off their contracts in the colonies often

Back 5

hoped to become independent artisans or planters.

Front 6

The Portuguese slave trade began in the mid-fifteenth century with Portuguese raiders capturing African men and selling them in Europe. How had this trade changed by the mid-sixteenth century?

Back 6

Portuguese merchants bought slaves from African raiders and sold them to Europe and the Americas.

Front 7

The middle passage of the slave trade was

Back 7

the ship voyage across the Atlantic in the cargo decks.

Front 8

Slavery's impact on Africa

Back 8

fell most heavily on the societies of west Africa.

Front 9

Most African slaves went

Back 9

to the tropical and subtropical plantations of the Americas.

Front 10

In the view of Emperor Qianlong, the trade between China and England was

Back 10

unnecessary to China but a favor to England.

Front 11

Confucian education tended to support

Back 11

conservative values such as filial piety and submission to authority.

Front 12

Tokugawa Ieyasu ruled Japan as

Back 12

a temporary military ruler in support of the emperor.

Front 13

Suleyman the Magnificent

Back 13

captured Belgrade and laid siege to the city of Vienna.

Front 14

The Safavid Empire began with the reign of Shah Ismail, who claimed legitimacy to the throne by

Back 14

tracing his ancestry back to the Sufi religious leader.

Front 15

Politically, all three of the Islamic states began as

Back 15

military states.

Front 16

The ideas of the Enlightenment challenged the long-term assumptions about sovereignty and instead proposed that

Back 16

governments are bound to the will of the people.

Front 17

What would be considered an expression of enlightened ideas about government?

Back 17

the Declaration of Independence

Front 18

In general, Napoleon championed

Back 18

equality under the law but not political freedom.

Front 19

A political liberal in the nineteenth century would be likely to advocate

Back 19

written constitutions and representative government.

Front 20

The German people united behind King Wilhelm because

Back 20

the wars engineered by Bismarck generated strong nationalist sentiment.

Front 21

In their critique of industrial capitalism, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels claimed that

Back 21

only a communist revolution would change the abuses of capitalism and create a just and equal society.

Front 22

The term Manifest Destiny was used to describe

Back 22

the inevitability of American dominion over all of North America.

Front 23

The constitutional issue at the center of the American Civil War was

Back 23

the balance of power between the state governments and the federal government.

Front 24

The Emancipation Proclamation

Back 24

had little immediate effect on the status of slaves.

Front 25

After Reconstruction, former slaves in the American south

Back 25

remained free, but lost many of their civil rights.

Front 26

The Russian Empire was defeated in the Crimean War because

Back 26

Britain and France joined forces to prevent Russian expansion into the Ottoman Empire.

Front 27

The colonization of the Belgian Congo is noted for

Back 27

the brutal treatment of the Congolese people by King Leopold II.

Front 28

Why had most European governments abandoned concessionary companies in Africa by the early twentieth century?

Back 28

The brutal use of forced African labor by companies provoked a public outcry in Europe.

Front 29

The Berlin Conference in 1884-1885 established

Back 29

that, if a European power indicated its intention to colonize and then proceeded to occupy an African territory, it could claim that colony.

Front 30

Japanese imperial expansion in the late nineteenth century was primarily by

Back 30

resentment at the unequal treaties forced on them by the United States.

Front 31

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the catalyst that started World War I because

Back 31

his death brought to a head the tensions underlying the alliances in eastern and western Europe.

Front 32

The purpose of alliances such as the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente was

Back 32

to provide mutual defense and support in case of attack.

Front 33

The Marshall Plan was

Back 33

a US financial plan to rebuild Europe and stop Soviet expansion.

Front 34

A key factor in the U.S. decision to enter World War I was

Back 34

Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare against the United States.

Front 35

At the Paris Peace Conference,

Back 35

Britain and France were determined to strip Germany of military power.

Front 36

In the Balfour Declaration of 1917

Back 36

the British government committed itself to supporting a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

Front 37

In response to the Great Depression, economist John Maynard Keynes

Back 37

urged the government to expand the money supply and undertake public works to provide jobs.

Front 38

The author of Mein Kampf was

Back 38

Adolf Hitler.

Front 39

The Kristallnacht was

Back 39

a Nazi-arranged attack on thousands of Jewish stores.

Front 40

The Long March

Back 40

greatly strengthened Mao Zedong's leadership position.

Front 41

Who was noted for his "good neighbor policy"?

Back 41

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Front 42

In the years after World War I, the idea of progress

Back 42

was roundly attacked.

Front 43

During the Great Depression, most nations

Back 43

practiced economic nationalism.

Front 44

The German Schlieffen Plan called for

Back 44

a swift knockout of France combined with defensive action against Russia.

Front 45

Compared to the western front, fighting on the eastern front was

Back 45

more fluid, as the Germans made inroads into Russia.

Front 46

The Japanese goal in the bombing of Pearl Harbor was

Back 46

to weaken the US and establish a defensive Japanese perimeter in the Pacific.

Front 47

Because of the rise of communication technology, observers have labeled today's era the

Back 47

age of access.

Front 48

As a result of the Seven Years' War, Britain gained

Back 48

1. The French colonies in Canada.
2. The French trading posts in India.
3. Spanish Florida.
4. Siberia from the Russians.

Front 49

In the New World, the Columbian exchange generally resulted in the

Back 49

1. Introduction of infectious diseases.
2. Staggering loss of indigenous populations.
3. Introduction of domesticated animals such as cattle and horses.
4. Introduction of food crops such as wheat.

Front 50

The Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War, ensured that

Back 50

1. Germany remained fragmented.
2. The nations of Europe would no longer go to war over religion.
3. Each nation was permitted to direct its own internal affairs.
4. The balance of power was the new principle of European diplomacy.

Front 51

The reforms of Akbar included

Back 51

1. Religious toleration for Hindus.
2. A syncretic religion, called "divine faith," which stressed loyalty to the emperor.
3. A centralized administrative structure with ministers appointed to regional provinces.
4. The conquest of Gujarat and Bengal.

Front 52

The Muslim resistance to new ideas and technologies by the eighteenth century is illustrated by the

Back 52

1. Ottoman ban on the printing press.
2. Purchase of outmoded weapons from Europe.
3. Banning of "impious" telescopes.
4. Reluctance of Muslims to travel abroad.

Front 53

A political conservative in the nineteenth century would be likely to advocate

Back 53

1. The restoration of the French monarchy after the defeat of Napoleon.
2. Limiting suffrage to men of property.
3. Censorship as a reasonable means of preventing social unrest.
4. Government support of the established church.

Front 54

Improvements in transportation, such as the railroads and steamships,

Back 54

1. Lowered transportation costs.
2. Linked industrial centers with overseas resources.
3. Facilitated the movement of people as well as goods.
4. Facilitated delivery of manufactured products to consumers.

Front 55

Examples of vertical organization are

Back 55

1. Standard Oil's control of all phases of petroleum production and distribution.
2. The Krupp firm's integration of mines, steel mills, and munitions plants.
3. U.S. Steel's control of mines, steel mills, and railroad manufacture.

Front 56

In response to socialist demands for social and economic reform, most governments

Back 56

1. Treated trade unions as illegal organizations.
2. Supported business and prosecuted strikers.
3. Passed laws restricting child labor.
4. Extended the vote to the working class.

Front 57

Proponents of "scientific racism" argued that

Back 57

1. Race could be biologically defined and characterized.
2. Western dominance was justified on the basis on racial superiority.
3. The theories of Charles Darwin supported world dominance of the "fittest" races.
4. People of European descent were morally superior to other races.

Front 58

The rivalry between Germany and Britain up to 1914 included

Back 58

1. An expensive naval race.
2. Competition for foreign markets.
3. Tariff wars.
4. Competition for colonies in east and southwest Africa.

Front 59

Gandhi

Back 59

1. Fought hard to improve the status of the casteless Untouchables.
2. Launched the Non-Cooperation Movement.
3. Began the Civil Disobedience Movement.
4. Worked to secure approval of the Government of India Act.

Front 60

A political conservative in the nineteenth century would be like to advocate

Back 60

1. The restoration of the French monarchy after the defeat of Napoleon.
2. Limiting suffrage to men of property.
3. Censorship as a reasonable means of preventing social unrest.
4. Government support of the established church.