World Civilization Terms For Alexander & Hellenistic Period

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formed from the city-states of the northern Peloponnesus and was very closely related to the old Peloponnesian League dominated by Sparta. had a common system of coinage and uniform standards of weights and measurements. system of federal courts. Did not exchange citizenship. League government could raise armies and collect taxes.

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Aechaean League

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citizens of the various city-states retained their own citizenship but also received citizenship in the --- League
There were two kinds of citizenship offered
The League government could raise armies and collect taxes. The transformation of Greek citizenship in this League symbolized the new cosmopolitan world.

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Aetolian League

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Mother was Eurydice, father was Philip. "The Great", conquered most of the known world at that time.

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Alexander

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City founded by Alexander: The famous Hellenistic city of --- on the northern tip of Africa became an important center of Hellenistic culture. The lighthouse (pharos) of --- was one of the Seven Wonders of the World. It once guided international traffic (slave trade) from the Nile, Red Sea, and the Mediterranean into the harbor. An earthquake later toppled the lighthouse and today it lies beneath the ocean. The library of ---, which once contained a half-million scrolls, was later destroyed.

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Alexandria

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The --- Monarchy was the ruling house of Macedonia from 306 to 168 B.C.E
The people of this later clashed with the expanding Roman Empire; in 215 B.C.E., the Romans defeated Philip V of Macedon and his power was confined to Macedonia.

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Antigonid Monarchy

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--- or Monophthalmus conquered all of the Middle East except Babylonia and was proclaimed king in 306 B.C.E

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Antigonus I

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At the battle of ---, near the Tigris River, where Darius met his fate at the hands of his own men. Also known as the Battle of Gaugamela

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Arbela

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Alexander's tutor, philosopher

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Aristotle

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Alexander conquered not only the Persian Empire, but also the remnants of the Egyptian and the ---ian cultures. Alexander died here.

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Babylon

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Alexander first met the Persians at the battle of --- -- in 334 B.C.E. Here, his forces unexpectedly defeated the Persian army. Did what opponents didn’t expect to do, used a WEDGE-shaped charge.

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Battle of Granicus River

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Founded by Diogenes. The word "cynic" means dog in Greek.

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Cynicism

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Fought against Alexander, fleed from Battle of Issus, killed at Battle of Gaugamela by his own men.

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Darius III

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The home of the oracle is located here. Philip attacked it.

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Delphi

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He was an orator in Athens, recognized the threat posed by Philip. He walked through the streets of Athens carrying a light, urging the Athenians to resist in the name of independence.

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Demosthenes

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Where Alexander defeated the Persians by expanding a gap in Daruis' forces. Famous battle.

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Gaugamela

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Wife of Alexander the Greate. Their marriage was an attempt to reconcile the Bactrian satrapies to Alexander's rule. Had a son. Both killed after Alexander's death.

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Roxanne (Roxana)

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-- Empire spanned the outlines of the old Persian Empire
--, one of Alexander's generals, defeated the Aontigonids and founded the ---
The -- Empire was one of the most important centers of culture in the Hellenistic world, but their favoritism to Greek culture caused many rebellions.

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Seleucid,
Seleucid monarchy,

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One of three main schools of philosophy. Founded by Zeno, who taught in a painted hall called a Stoa.
Instructed humans to want only those things a human can control and to submit themselves to a divinely ordered cosmos where reason ruled the universe.

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Stoicism

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Persian capital, Alexander spoke of the universal brotherhood of man here.
It fell to the Seleucid Empire during which it was renamed Seleukeia

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Susa

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The city of --- revolted after hearing rumors of Alexander's death. In retaliation, Alexander razed it and burned it to the ground in 335 B.C.E
--- was the first demonstration of Alexander's gift for ruthless conquest, as well as his veneration of Greek culture.

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Thebes

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Founded Stoicism & taught in a painted hall called a Stoa.
He said: humans should want only those things a human can control and to submit themselves to a divinely ordered cosmos where reason ruled the universe.

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Zeno

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One of three main schools of philosophy. Founded by Epicurus, who did not believe in deities, and argued that human lives should and could unfold without fear of reprisal from the gods. Life was controlled by the random movement of particles, meaning that ultimately, we cannot control our lives; Thus, one should seek only pleasure, which was found through the absence of pain.

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Epicureanism

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Alexander reached ___ ____ during his conquest, men on the march for almost eight years. Alexander himself began to deteriorate, began to formulate wild plans.

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Indus River
(Hint: refused, mutiny)

Hint 23

For the first time they ____ to follow their leader and threatened _____.

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Alexander the Great defeats the Persians at the Battle of ____. Alexander's forces vastly outnumbered & Alexander was caught by surprise.

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Issus
(Hint: Persian)

Hint 24

____ commander Darius III fled the scene of the battle.

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Philip attacked the Greek town of _____, as he was worried that his two half brothers might challenge his throne.

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Olynthus

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Pergamon was capital city of the _____ Monarchy & one of the most important cities in the Hellenistic world, with a library second only to that of _____.

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Pergamene, Alexandria
(Hint: Seleucids)

Hint 26

Originally under the control of the _____, but Attalid rulers declared independence.

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Alexander also traveled to ______, the second Persian capital. Took the Persian treasury & the silver coins created wild inflation.

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Persepolis
(Hint: burned)

Hint 27

In a drunken fit of rage, Alexander also ____ the famous Persian capital.

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____ succeeded Philip V, part of Antigonid Monarchy.

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Perseus
(Hint: Rome)

Hint 28

Fought for Macedonian freedom against ___, but was defeated at the battle of Pydna.

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Block-shaped formation of hoplites with each carrying a spear so spears projected several feet in front.

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phalanx
(Hint: turn)

Hint 29

Its only weakness was that when it was necessary to ___, the entire formation had to ____ at once.

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Rise of Macedonia began in 359 B.C.E., when ____ became king. Concluded that the hoplite phalanx supported by cavalry was unbeatable. Concurred the Greeks. Assassinated.

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Philip of Macedon
(Hint: Persians)

Hint 30

Philip urged the Greeks to unite with him on the pretext of attacking the ___; attempted to appeal to the civic pride of Greeks who had thrown off the Persian threat.

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Antigonid Monarchy, the Romans defeated _____ of Macedon and his power was confined to Macedonia

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Philip V of Macedonia
(Hint: Perseus)

Hint 31

His successor, _____, fought for Macedonian freedom against Rome

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Ptolemaic kingdom was founded by _____, a Macedonian general in Alexander's army. He used Macedonian commanders to run daily affairs alongside Egyptians. He founded only one city, Ptolomais, and introduced _____. Ptolemy died in 282 B.C.E. and passed power to his son.

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Ptolemy I, coinage
(Hint: Hellenistic, Egypt)

Hint 32

Became one of the wealthiest centers of the ___ world. Protecting ___'s borders and also exploiting its economy. Also founded the cult of Sarapis, which was a fusion of Greek and Egyptian religions.