World Civilization Mid Term Review (Important People)

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HERODOTUS

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traveled Greece to piece together the course of the Persian

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CLEISTHENES

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– developed bicameral legislature, Boule (law making) and Ecclesia ( men who were citizen come together to make decis

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CHANDRAGUPTA

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MAURYAN EMPIRE FOUNDER, MAJOR PATRON OF JAINISM

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GAUTAMA

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founder of buddhism

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SAUL

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Hebrew leader, established monarchy over Hebrew tribes

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ABRAHAM

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father of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism.

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Moses

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LED Egyptian outs of Egypt.

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Hammurabi

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ruler of Babylon, unified Mesopotamia, wrote Hammurabi code

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CYRUS the GREAT

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KING OF THE PERSIAN, CONQUERED MEDES.

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AKHENATEN

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pharaoh concerned with religion than conquest

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Aristotle

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taught by Plato, developed of concept of geocentrism

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DIOCLETIAN

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he split the Roman Empire in two parts because it was so big in 284 B.C.E. (Western part ruled from Rome, Eastern part ruled from Byzantine (later know as Constantinople)

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Tiberius

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tried to help landless veterans by splitting public land and distributing it among the poor, but was murdered by wealthy senators.

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OCTAVIAN

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Grandson of Caesar, ruler of Rome, part of second triumvirate. Under his rule Jesus was born.

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Scipio Aemilianus

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a leading general and politician of the ancient Roman Republic. As consul he commanded at the final siege and destruction of Carthage in 146 BC, and was a leader of the senators opposed to the Gracchi in 133 BC.

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Scipio Africanus

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conquered Spain from Carthagians using mobile warfare and struck Carthage forcing Hannibal to defend his homeland.

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Hannibal

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general of Carthaginians who marched tens of thousands of troops and dozens of elephants from Spain to the Alps of Italy, won battle of Cannae against Roman Empire

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Euclid

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developed a book called essentials of geometry, which is still used to introduce the standards of geometry.

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Zeno

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developed a new philosophy caused Stoicism, which believed whether or not you achieved anything means nothing unless you live a virtuous life.

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Alexander the Great

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taught by Aristotle, headed the Persian war for the Greeks, and set up cities in areas where he took over territory.

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Hippocrates

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father of western medicine, sought natural explanations for disease and a natural way to treat them. Disease wasn’t caused by evil spirits, but by physical problems in the body. (Hippocratic Oath)

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TITUS

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destroyed Jerusalem and the temple of Solomon leading to diaspora.

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Plato

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taught by Socrates, developed the concept that differed really self from ideal self. Like the body from the immortal soul

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ARISTARCHUS of SAMOS

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educated at Aristotle’s school, concluded that the sun is far larger than the earth and that the stars are enormously distant from the earth. Also came up with the heliocentric theory (the earth and planets revolve around the sun).

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Socrates

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(Socratic philosophy) where one would continuously question answers of other questions.

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Marc Anthony

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ruler of the East, part of second triumvirate. Father of one of Cleopatra’s children

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Julius Caesar

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part of first triumvirate, helped spread Roman culture by establishing colonies in Spain, Gaul, and North Africa.

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Cleopatra

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queen of Egypt, part of Ptolemy Dynasty, who allied with Julius Caesar, and had a son by him.

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Tiberius

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tried to help landless veterans by splitting public land and distributing it among the poor, but was murdered by wealthy senators.

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Constantine

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Legalized Christianity in roman empire

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Gaius GRACCHUS

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passed a law providing urban poor with cheap grain and urged practical reforms.

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Theodosius

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made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire

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Pericles

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leader of Athens that made Athens so powerful it alarmed Sparta. Athenian imperialism drove the two into conflict causing Peloponnesian war.

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Epicurus

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taught that the principal good of life is pleasure, which he defined as the absence of pain. (Epicureanism – sought serenity in often rigid world).

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Herophilus

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developed the systematic study of medicine; dissection of corpses

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Nero

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used laws to persecute Christians in rome

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Paul of Tarsus

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(Paul the apostle) changed Christianity from a Jewish sect into a separate religion, some of his letters became part of the Christian scripture.

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Ptolemy

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conquered Egypt after the breakup of Alexander’s empire and his descendants assumed the powers and positions of the pharaohs

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Archimededs

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from Syracuse in Sicily, he developed new artillery for military purposes

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Homer

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wrote to poems the Iliad and the Odyssey.