World Civ Vocab 2 (2Nd Column)

Front 1

Cause of the Reformation

Back 1

Luther was troubled by the Tetzel's tactics. In response, he wrote 95 Theses attacking the "pardon-merchants." Someone copied his work and quickly Luther's anme became known all over Germany which began the reformations.

Front 2

Martin Luther

Back 2

-His parents wanted him to become a lawyer, but instead, he wanted to become a monk and a teacher.
-From 1512 until his death, he taught scripture at the University of Wittenburg.
-In one way fear led Luther to become a monk.
-After entering the monastery Luther felt fearful, lost, sinful, and rejected by God. By studying the Bible he figured that faith alone was the key to salavation.

Front 3

95 Theses

Back 3

Luther decided to take a public stand against the actions of a friar named Johann Tetzel.

Front 4

John Tetzel

Back 4

A friar, was raising money to rebuild St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome.

Front 5

Indulgence

Back 5

Was a pardon.

Front 6

Luther's teachings

Back 6

Luther went beyond criticzing indulgences. He wanted full church reforms.
* People could win salvation only by faith in God's gift for forgiveness. The church taught that faith and "good work" were needed for salvation.
*All church teachings should be clearly based on the words of the Bible. Both the pope and church traditions were false authorities.
*All people with faith were equal. Therefore, people did not need priests to interpret the bible for them.

Front 7

Leo X

Back 7

Was a pope that issued a decree threatening Luther with excommunication unless he took back his statements. He excommunicated Luther.

Front 8

Excommunication

Back 8

Taking away a person's right to membership in a church.

Front 9

Charles V

Back 9

A devout Catholic, also opposed Luther's teachings. He controlled a vast empire, including the German States.

Front 10

Diet of Worms

Back 10

Which declared Luther an outlaw and a heretic. All his books were to be burned.

Front 11

Peasant Revolt

Back 11

Some people began to apply Luther's revolutionary ideas to society.

Front 12

Protestant

Back 12

Was applied to Christians who belonged to non-Catholic churches.

Front 13

Reformation Parliament

Back 13

Henry took steps to solve his marriage problem himself. So he called parliament into session and asked it to pass a set of laws that ended the pope's power in England.

Front 14

Henry VIII

Back 14

Became king of England in 1509. Devout Catholic. Turned his country into a protestant nation during the reformation.

Front 15

Peace of Augsberg

Back 15

Famous religious settlement. Princes agreed that each ruler would decide the religion of his state.

Front 16

Anne Boleyn

Back 16

Henry secretly married her. (In 20's) Gave birth to a daugther name ELIZABETH.

Front 17

Jane Seymour

Back 17

Henry's 3rd wife. Gave birth to son named EDWARD.

Front 18

Edward VI

Back 18

Son of Henry VIII and Jan Seymour, died of turbrerculosis. King of England and Ireland from 1547-1553.

Front 19

Mary I

Back 19

Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon.

Front 20

Elizabeth I

Back 20

Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. She succeeded Mary I.

Front 21

John Calvin

Back 21

A follower of Luther.

Front 22

Huldrych Zwingli

Back 22

He begun religious reform in Switzerland. He's a Catholic priest in Zurich. Influenced by the Christian humanism of Erasmus and by the reforms of Luther.

Front 23

Elect

Back 23

The very few people that God saves.

Front 24

Predestination

Back 24

Belief that God has known since the beginning of time who will be saved.

Front 25

Theocracy

Back 25

A government controlled by religious leaders.

Front 26

Calvinism

Back 26

A religion based on Calvin's teachings.

Front 27

John Knox

Back 27

Scottish preacher. When he returned to Scotland in 1559,know put Calvin's ideas to work.

Front 28

Presbyterians

Back 28

Name for followers of Knox.

Front 29

Huguenots

Back 29

Name for Calvin's followers.

Front 30

St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre

Back 30

Catholic mobs began hunting for protestants and murdering them. The massacres spread to either cities and lasted six months. Scholars believe that as many as 12000 Huguenots were killed.

Front 31

Anabatists

Back 31

The belief that persons who had been baptized as children should be rebaptized as adults.

Front 32

Maquerite of navarre

Back 32

Protected john calvin from being executed for his beliefs while he lived in france supported the call for reform in the church.

Front 33

Katherina Von Borg

Back 33

Played a more typical, behind-the-scenes role as Luther's wife. Katherina at the age of 10 was sent to a convent and became a nun. Though inspired by Luther she fled the convent.

Front 34

Catholic Reformation

Back 34

The movement in which helped Catholics to remain loyal within the Catholic Church to reform itself.

Front 35

Ignatius of Loyola

Back 35

Grew up in father's castle Spain. Great turning point was in 1521 when he was injured in war.

Front 36

jesuits

Back 36

In 1540, the pope created a religious order for his followers called the Society of Jesus in which followers were called as such.

Front 37

Coucil of Treat

Back 37

Paul III called a council of church leaders to meet in Trent to decide on several doctrines.

Front 38

Index of Forbidden Books

Back 38

A list of books considered dangerous to the Catholic Faith.

Front 39

Political effects of the Reformation

Back 39

As Catholic Churhc's moral and political authority, individual monarches and states gained power. This led to the development of modern nation-states.
Questioning and beliefs also laid the groundwork for the Enlightenment.