World Civ Vocab 2 (1St Column)

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Renaissance

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The term means rebirth, and in this context it refers to a revival of art and learning. Italy hoped to bring back to life the culture of Classical Greece and Rome.

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Florence

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Republic form of government. During the Renaissance Florence came under the rule of 1 powerful banking family, the Medici.

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Cosimo de Medici

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Was the wealthiest European of his time. In 1434, he won control of Florence's government. For 30 years he was dictator of Florence.

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Lorenzo de Medici

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A generous patron of the arts who collected many rare manuscripts.

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Influence of Greece and Rome

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Renaissance scholars looked down on the art and literature of the middle ages. Instead, they wanted to return to the learning of the Greeks and Romans. They achieved this in several ways. First, inspiration from ruins of Rome. Second, studied ancient Latin manuscripts that have been preserved.

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Humanism

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An itellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements.

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Secular

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Worldly rather then spiritual and concerned with the here and now.

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Baldassare Castiglione

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Wrote a book called THE COURTIER that taught how to become a Renaissance man.

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Isabella D'Este

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A few woman such as her influenced in politics. Born into the ruling family of the city-state of Ferrara, she married the ruler of another city-ctate, Mantua.

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Perspective

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Technique which shows 3 dimensions of a flat surface. Lines go back to a vanishing point.

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Michelangelo

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Influenced by classical statues, he sculped DAVID. He protrayed the biblical hero in the moments just before battle. He made sculptures for JULIOUS'S TOMB. Painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling!

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Donatello

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Made sculptures more realistic by carving natural postures and expressions that reveal personality.

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Leonardo

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Was a painter, sculpter, inventor, and scientist. A true ren. man he was interested in how things worked. He studied how muscle moves and how veins are arranged in a leaf. MONA LISA & LEAST SUPPER.

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Raphael

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He learned from studying Michelangelo & Leonardo's work. He filled the walls of Pope Julius 2's library with paintings.

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Vernacular

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One's natural language.

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Dante

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Was a writer who wrote in the vernacular his native language, instead of Latin. DEVINE COMEDY

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Petrach

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1 of the earilest and most influential humanists. The father of ren humanism. He was also a great poet. Wrote in Italian and Latin. He wrote SONNETS. Collect many things.

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Boccaccio

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An Italian writer, he is best known for THE DECAMERON, a seires of realistic, sometime off color stories.

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Machiavelli

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Wrote THE PRINCE, which examines the imperfect conduct of human beings.

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Vittoria Colona

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Woman writer who gained fame during the ren. Born into noble family. Married the Marquis of Pescara. She exchanged sonnets with Michelangelo and helped castiglione publish THE COURTIER.

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Flanders

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City which was rich from long-distance trade ad the cloth industry.Was the wealthest part of northern Europe.

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100 years war

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War b/t France and England which ended in 1453. 1337-1453
Actually 116 years.

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Francis I

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Hired Leonardo to retire to France, and hired Italian artists & artitects to rebuild and decorate his castle at Fontainebleau.

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Albrecht Durer

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German artist. He traveled to Italy to study in 1494. After returning to Germany he produced WOODCUTS and engravings.

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Hans Holbein the Younger

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Influenced by Albrecht Durer. He specialized in paintings portraits that are almost photographic in detail. He painted potraits of King Henry VIII and English Royal Family.

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Jan Van Eyck

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The 1st great Flemish Ren painter. Used recently developed oil-based paints to develop techniques that painters still use.

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Peter Brueghel the Elder

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Was interested in realistic detail and individual people. Painted PEASANT WEDDING.

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Christian Humanism

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Focus was the reform of society. Of particular importance to humanists was education.

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Desiderius Erasmus

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The best known of the Christian humanists. His most famous work is THE PRAISE OF FOLLY.

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Sir Thomas More

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Tried to show a better model of society. In 1516, he wrote UTOPIA. His works were translated into a variety of languages.

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Christine de Pizan

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Highly educated for the time and was 1 of the first woman to earn a living as a writer. She wrote, THE BOOK OF CITY OF LADIES. One of the first European writers to question different treatment of boys and girls.

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Elizabethan Age

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The spread of the ren. to England in the mid 1500s.

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Johann Gutenburg

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A craftsman from Mainz Germany, developed a printing press that incorporated a number of technologies in a new way. Printed THE BIBLE. MOVABLE TYPE.

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John Gutenburg

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Advocated church reform in the late 1300s and early 1400s. Denied that the Pope had the right to worldy power.

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Jan Hus

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They also taught that the BIble had more authority than the church leaders did.