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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When was the church at the highest power?
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During Pope Innocent III
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What did Pope Innocent III say about being Pope?
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"between God and man, lower than God but higher than men, who judges all and is judged by no one."
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Who was the head of the 4th Laterin Council?
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Pope Innocent III
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What triggers the Crusades?
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The Seljuk Turks invading the Byzantine empire, and extended their power over the Holy Land which prevented Christians from traveling to it.
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What did Pope Urban II say about the Crusades?
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If you're doing something in the name of God, all sins will be forgiven
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What are the three impacts the Crusades had on the people?
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-European economies expand= luxuries from Byzantine empire, trade, large fleets, money economy which undermines serfdom
-Effects monarchs and church= increases power of monarchs, and brings papal power to greatest height -Wider worldveiw=realization that other ppl are out there, the world is bigger. Marco Polo helped this |
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Who was Christine de Pisan?
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She was a writer who examined women's education, "The City of Ladies", she thinks that women are just as capable as men
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What other incidents happened in the 14th century besides the plague?
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Great schism, Babylonian Captivity.
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Why did the people think it had something to do with religion?
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B/c the French kinds fought w/ papacy, and one captured a Pope, and another Pope was elected in Rome, so they thought it was the "wrath of God"
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Who was the "Father of Humanism"?
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Petrarch
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What are two reasons why the Renaissance started in Italy?
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-Renaissance thinkers had a new interest in ancient Rome, it was a logical place for it to start
-Italy's location encouraged trade with markets on the east |
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Who was the Medici family?
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They were rich patrons, they had a lot of art
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Give an example of how humanism impacted literacy and art works?
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Donatello's David
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Who was Brunelleschi?
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Created a majestic dome for a cathedral in Florence
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Where did the Northern Renaissance begin?
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Flanders
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Why can't you call the Protestant Reformation a revolution?
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B/c a revolution is much more radical than a reformation, and the Episcopal church (for ex.) still has most of the same prayers and cerimonies as the Catholic chruch.
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Name some church abuses...
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-Caught up in worldly affairs
-Fought long term wars -Plotted against monarchs -Fought to expand it's own interest -Popes led lavish lives |
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What is Salvation in Catholicism?
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It's achieved through faith and good works
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What is Salvation in Lutheranism?
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Achieved through good works
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What is Salvation in Calvinism?
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God alone predetermines who will be saved
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What are the Sacraments in Catholicism?
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Priests preform 7 sacraments or rituals
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What are the Sacraments in Lutheranism?
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Accepts some of the sacraments, but reject others b/c rituals cannot erase sin, only God can
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What are the Sacraments in Calvinism?
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Accepts some of the,, rejects others b/c rituals cannot erase sin, only God can
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Who is the Head of Church in Catholicism?
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Pope
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Who is the Head of Church in Lutheranism?
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Elected councils
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Who is the Head of Church in Calvinism?
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Council of elders
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What is the Importance of the Bible in Catholicism?
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Bible is one source of truth; Church tradition is another
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What is the Importance of the Bible in Lutheranism?
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Bible is alone source of truth
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What is the Importance of the Bible in Calvinism?
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Bible is alone source of truth
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How is Belief Revealed in Catholicism?
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Priests interpret the Bible and Church teachings for the people
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How is Belief Revealed in Lutheranism?
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People read and interpret the Bible for themselves
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How is Belief Revealed in Calvinism?
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People read and interpret the Bible for themselves
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What two types of people were there according to Calvinists?
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Sinners and Saints
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What's the difference between why Calvin and Luther broke from the Church and why Henry VIII broke from it?
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Calvin and Luther were for religious reasons, Henry VIII was political
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What was the "Index of Forbidden Books"?
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A list of works considered to immoral or irreligious for Catholics to read.
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"Witches" were usually...
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Women
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Both Catholics and Protestants began to...
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Persecute Jews
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What was Copernicus' book called?
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"On Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres"
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Why was the fact that the Earth moved so argued?
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B/c the Bible said the Earth stood still, but science disagreed
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Who created the scientific method?
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Francis Bacon
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What book did Newton write, and when was it written?
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"Mathematical Princibles", 1687
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What is the period between 500-1000 called?
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The Dark Ages
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Why is it called this?
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B/c literacy, gov., education decreased
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What is the period between 1000-1350(1500) called?
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The Middle Ages
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WHy is it called this?
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B/c literacy increases, immergence of universities, and nation-states
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Who was St. Augustine?
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He was a Christian writer who wrote "Confessions" (a biography) and "The City of God" (a religious work). Believed the world unfolds according to God's plan, predestination. God was all-powerful and all-knowing. Women were the problem
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Who was St. Thomas Aquines?
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Wrote "Summa Theologica", rejects predestination, man has freewill.
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What were Aqunies steps to get to heaven?
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1. Believe in God
2. Practice good works |
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What are "good works"?
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-Right action
-Participation in the sacramental system |
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What is the 4th Lateran Council?
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Named the 7 sacraments
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Why did this result in church growth?
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B/c you had to go to church to get the sacraments, to get to salvation
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How did the church split?
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A bishop in Rome thought he should be head bishop, but others disagree. Church splits into Roman Orthodox and Eastern Orthodox
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What are the reasons for the Crusades?
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1. Rescue holy land
2. Concerned about the fuedal wars, he wanted Christians to stop fighting each other 3. Imperialism (more land) |
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What were the effects of the Crusades?
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1. Opened up cultural exchange, brought back spices, rugs, ect.
2. Serfs were freed, being payed wages 3. Growth of trade and economy |
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Who was Dante?
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From Italian peninsula, wrote "The Divine Comedy"=3 parts (Inferno, purgatorio, and paradise). Wrote in Tuscan dialect that becomes basics of Italian
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Who was Chaucer?
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Englishman who wrote "Cantabury Tales" in middle english. 33 pilgrims each tells a tale. Stepping stone to modern english
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What were the causes of Renaissance?
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1. Disintegration of Medieval Society
-Economy (trade increasing, feudal wasn't working) -Imergence of middle class 2. Cultural shift -Philosophy-scholasticism no longer worked b/c of growing interest in natural sciences -Asceticism no long appealed -Architecture shift to classical |
