World Civ Test 2

Front 1

Minoans

Back 1

Traded across the Mediterranean, lived on the island of Crete.  Their king was Minos

Front 2

Mycenaeans

Back 2

Located on the Peloponnesus, southern part of the main land.  Conquered the Minoans, have the same form Writing, Linear A and B

Front 3

Knossos

Back 3

Capital of the Minoans and is a great archeological dig site to see how they lived

Front 4

Polis

Back 4

Mainly Athens and Sparta, the polis was surrounded by the Cora.  Protected by Hoplites. Athens was an early form of democracy, an oligarchy, and Sparta was a communist states, triene state

Front 5

Hoplites

Back 5

Soldiers and formation that is based on constantly moving forward and attacking with spears

Front 6

Democracy

Back 6

Government in which every citizen receives a vote

Front 7

Oligarchy

Back 7

Government that is ran by multiple kings, which is chosen by a senate or other form of governing body.

Front 8

Tyranny

Back 8

Dictatorship

Front 9

Draco

Back 9

Replaced the oral tradition with a written law. The law was incredibly harsh on the people, now known as Draconian law

Front 10

Solon

Back 10

Repealed most of the laws created by Draco.

Front 11

Delian league

Back 11

City-states of Greece that were lead by Athens eventually become controlled and had to pay tribute to Athens for protection.

Front 12

Mystery religions

Back 12

The main cult of the Greek empire.

Front 13

Epicureanism

Back 13

based upon the teachings of Epicurus, founded around 307 BC. His materialism led him to a general attack on superstition and divine intervention

Front 14

Stoicism

Back 14

Hellenistic philosophy founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BC. The Stoics taught that destructive emotions resulted from errors in judgment, and that a sage, or person of "moral and intellectual perfection," would not suffer such emotions.

Front 15

Homer

Back 15

Wrote the epics of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Laid the foundation for the Greek epic.

Front 16

Consuls

Back 16

Elected to rule a 1 year term can be extended in time of criss, president of Rome

Front 17

Patricians

Back 17

Upper class of Rome, could become members of the senate

Front 18

Plebeians

Back 18

Middle class of Rome, were the merchants, were free but could not vote or hold power.

Front 19

Senate

Back 19

Elected for life and advices the Consul

Front 20

Paterfamilias

Back 20

Oldest male was in charge of the whole family

Front 21

Manumission

Back 21

The act of freeing a slave

Front 22

Pax Romana

Back 22

“Roman Peace” Time of peace in Rome when the city was not under attack and the empire grew the most

Front 23

Paul of Tarsus

Back 23

The apostle Paul from the bible

Front 24

Pagan

Back 24

Indigenous and historical polytheistic religious traditions—primarily those of cultures known to the classical world. In a wider sense, it has also been understood to include any non-Abrahamic folk and ethnic religion.

Front 25

Bishop

Back 25

Leader of a geographic region and group of churches in Catholicism. Lives within the cathedral

Front 26

Heresy

Back 26

Speaking out against the church

Front 27

Constantine

Back 27

First emperor to legalize Christianity in the Roman world. Was baptized

Front 28

Romulus and Remus

Back 28

Brothers, raised by wolves, Romulus killed Remus for the land that Rome was founded on. The main myth of how Rome was started

Front 29

First Triumvirate

Back 29

Caesar, Pompi, and Crocus. Caesar wins control from the other two and expands Rome to include Gaul Spain and N. Africa

Front 30

Second Triumvirate

Back 30

Octavian (Augustus), Marc Antony, and Lepidus. Octavian wins control from Marc Antony who alines himself with Cleopatra and Egypt. Doesn't make the mistakes that Caesar made and becomes the first emperor.

Front 31

Great Wall

Back 31

Built by the Han dynasty to keep out foreigners

Front 32

Confucian classics

Back 32

Confusion followers that used his to teachings to talk out against the government

Front 33

Records of the Grand Historian

Back 33

recounted Chinese history from the time of the Yellow Emperor until the authors time

Front 34

Silk Road

Back 34

Trading route between China and Rome, used mainly for silk

Front 35

Tributary system

Back 35

Areas that paid for protection from foreigner and even the Chinese government

Front 36

Eunuchs

Back 36

Men who had there testicles removed and were forced to serve the emperor.

Front 37

Age of division

Back 37

Time period were there 7 separate kingdoms within China

Front 38

Grand Canal

Back 38

Connected major rivers of the Chinese inland allowing for better trade and movement of people3

Front 39

Empress Wu

Back 39

Only female ruler to take the title of empress of China

Front 40

Chan

Back 40

School of Mahāyāna Buddhism notable for its emphasis on Dharma practice and meditation, and is a precursor to Zen Buddhism.

Front 41

Trung Sisters

Back 41

Viennese sisters that lead a revolt against China but failed and were killed.

Front 42

Shinto

Back 42

Original religion of Japan

Front 43

Nara

Back 43

First capital of Japan

Front 44

Corpus juris civilis

Back 44

"Body of Civil Law.” The Law Code of Justinian which was reformation of Roman law and the foundation of modern law

Front 45

Dioceses

Back 45

Geographically based and would have a cathedral

Front 46

Arianism

Back 46

Questioned the exact nature of Jesus and whether if he shared eternity with God the Father. Lead to the Nicene Creed

Front 47

Popes

Back 47

Leaders of the Roman Catholic church, supposed to be from Peter.

Front 48

Orthodox Church

Back 48

Church of the Eastern world after the

Front 49

Iconoclastic controversy

Back 49

Icons could be venerated, worshipped, as if it was Jesus, questioned weather would break the Ten Commandments. Were destroyed by Emperor Leo's decree. Lead to Political ramifications of who was more powerful the Pope or the Emperor, Pope seeks an alliance with the Franks caused the Great Schism

Front 50

Sacraments

Back 50

Rituals that are held to level of God by having them gives you grace

Front 51

Penance

Back 51

Prayers given by a Priest for forgiveness

Front 52

Wergeld

Back 52

Also known as "man price." If property was stolen, or someone was injured or killed, the guilty person would have to pay weregild as restitution to the victim's family or to the owner of the property.

Front 53

Treaty of Verdun

Back 53

Split Charlemagne Empire between his three grandsons and sets up modern Europe.