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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Political Changes in the late middle ages |
-Breakdown of Feudalism -Black Plague -Rise of Nation-States (France, England, Spain, Portugal) -Growth of legal systems -Legal unification of countries -Central administration and authority Beginning of national conscious |
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Increased Learning in the late middle ages |
-Crusades -Greek and Roman texts -Technology -New Trade (ideas, goods) -Exploration -Medieval Universities |
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*Printing Press |
-Made in 1450. -Printed religious texts and chivalry tales -In 1500, 6 million books in 40,000 editions were printed -Made a great impact on scholarship -Books became less expensive -Increased literacy |
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*Vernacular |
Everyday spoken language of the people |
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Christianity weakened in the late middle ages by.. |
-Crusades -Great Schism -Black Plague -Questioning of Church authority, beliefs, and practices |
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Changes in warfare in the middle ages |
-New weapons were created (Longbow, Cannon, Handheld firearms) -Change in tactics -Death of chivalry -Hundred Years' War -Professional forces |
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Shift in thinking |
-Christendom to Europe -Classics-Greek and Roman -Secular -Humanism-Study of humans -Rise of human reasoning to prove ideas -Renaissance & Reformation |
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*Renaissance |
-Means "rebirth" -Characterized by: -Spirit of Confidence in Human Achievement -Secular activities -Education/Literacy -Art, literature, music, ideas, philosophy, and history |
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*Humanism |
-Latin meaning "pertaining to man" -Central focus is mankind -Return to classical influences -Strive for greater achievement -Importance of education |
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*Petrarch |
Was an Italian born in 1304 who was the first great and the father of humanism. He collected ancient texts. He spread the ideas of humanism and the joy of living. Died in 1374. |
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Northern Humanism |
-Humanism spread north from Italy. -Turned to Christian Humanism -Focus on evaluating religious texts from a more humanistic viewpoint -Believed in Humanist education -Improved edition of the Greek New Testament (1522) -Leaders of intellectual life |
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Eramus |
-Scholar -Dominated the world of letters -Humanism in education -Greek New Testament |
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Renaissance Architecture |
-Characterized by new ideas with the classical simplicity of the Greeks and Romans -Architecture is purist form -Greek Columns, Plain, straight lines of Greek temples, curves of Roman domes, symmetry |
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Lay Involvement in Renaissance |
-Greater role of lay people in art -Princes, priests, rich -Favored religious themes/values -Emotionally involving the viewer -Patron incorporated |
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*Bruenelleschi |
Born in 1377. Had linear perspective. Created the Dome of the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore. From Florence, Italy |
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Bramante |
-The leading church architect of the time -St. Peter's Basilica and the Vatican Palace |
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Sculpture |
-Blend of old and new -Greek and Roman influences -Realism |
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Donatello |
-First free standing nude since antiquity -David |
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Leonardo da Vinci |
-Contributions to painting, architecture, engineering, military science, anatomy, botany, hydraulics, aerodynamics -Skilled musician and horseman -Worked as a military engineer -Trend of not finishing his work -The Last Supper -Oil-tempera |
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*Michaelangelo |
Born in 1475. He was the universal genius of the Renaissance. He was an architect, sculptor, painter, and a poet. Psychological transition of the Sistine Chapel. Worked on St. Peter's Basilica. Interested in the human soul as expressed in the structure and the movement of the body. Made the Pieta and David. After his sixties, he worked on architecture. Died in 1564. |
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Sandro Botticelli |
-Italian born painter |
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Raphael Sanzio |
-Went to Florence to work and study the masters -Painted a series of Maddonas -Painted the school of Athens -Buried in the Pantheon
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Art in Low Countries |
-Less classical -Intense realism -Wood carvings -Wood cuts used for illustrations in books |
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Pieter Brueghel the Elder |
-Art in the North -Scenes of peasant life and landscapes -Biblical scenes |
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Music |
-Began in the Netherlands -Most music was religious -Vocal performances -a cappella, madrigal |
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*Josquin des Prez |
Born in 1445(50). Was considered as the greatest composer of the time. Composed Gregorian Chant. Died in 1521. |
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Literature |
-Vernacular -National themes or History -Allusions to Lain writers and Mythology |
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Study of History |
-Historical Distance-ancient, medieval, modern -Natural rather than supernatural explanations -New criteria for inclusion in histories -Written by laymen-lawyers, government workers, diplomats -Political emphasis -Single state histories -Practical in purpose Guide to life -Encourage virtue |
