World Civ Midterm Exam

Front 1

homo sapiens

Back 1

first human life, appeared in Africa 250,000 years ago

Front 2

cave paintings of lascaux

Back 2

found in a complex of caves in the Dordogne region of southwestern France, because of their exceptional quality, size, sophistication and antiquity. Estimated to be up to 20,000 years old, the paintings consist primarily of large animals, once native to the region.

Front 3

holocene period

Back 3

warming period after the ice age, allows environment to flourished started 12000 years ago.

Front 4

hunter-gatherers

Back 4

people who lived off of the environment and migrated with the seasonal patterns and the food.

Front 5

mesopotamia

Back 5

area in the middle east where the first civilizations appeared, between the euphrates and tigris river.

Front 6

sumer

Back 6

the first region where civilizations started to pop up

Front 7

uruk

Back 7

first true city in the sumer region

Front 8

sumerians

Back 8

first form of writing, cuneiform, social stratisfaction, , had religion (inama)

Front 9

cuneiform

Back 9

first form of writing

Front 10

inanna

Back 10

main goddess, fertility, sex, and warfare

Front 11

code of hammurabi

Back 11

written in 1772 bc on 7 foot slabs that had 282 written laws so everyone could recognize and carry out these laws. first form of checks and balances of society. eye for eye tooth for tooth

Front 12

oxus river society

Back 12

very agriculture bases, began in central asia using the river system. lives were simply food and war. and they had lapus lazoli which was in very high demand in the trade system

Front 13

lapus lazoli

Back 13

a mineral many people held valuable hat the oxus river society had ally of and traded it.

Front 14

great pyramid

Back 14

built by Khufu and the height is the size of the great pyramid

Front 15

nubia

Back 15

kingdom that is right below Egypt that looked up to the egyptians and wanted to be like them but after many fights they eventually conquered egytp and ruled there for a while.

Front 16

nile river

Back 16

longest river in the world, many people wanted this resource for trade . egypt controlled it for th most part and it was the lifeline of that area.

Front 17

aryans

Back 17

light skinned people who lived and derived from persia and the india area. conquered areas in india and "raja" was the leader of the clans.

Front 18

indoeuropean languages

Back 18

a large combination of languages in europe and asia that spread throughout all of eurasia and changed and serrated into small subgroups. most languages can trace origins back to this.

Front 19

indus river civilization

Back 19

disperse up and down the indus river. himalayan mountains were its source of life with very reliable flood patterns. first sign of sanitation in society.devloped boats and stored grain for security of a bad season.

Front 20

the vedas

Back 20

writing of the indo-aryan texts, scripts (religious) and still held sacred by hindus and buddhists

Front 21

brahmin

Back 21

priest class in a aryan society

Front 22

untouchables

Back 22

below the class system and they are considered filthy and literally untouchable

Front 23

caste system

Back 23

aryans followed this system to structure and put society in groupings. based on wealth

Front 24

hatshepsut

Back 24

woman who called herself king and ruled over egypt. saw over many conquests and over the "punt" in northern africa.

Front 25

Akhenaton (Amenhotep IV)

Back 25

changes religious concept to one god and not many,built a city for his god (aten) potryaed his statue realistically and not stylized.

Front 26

Tutankhamen

Back 26

king tut, only known for his tomb being very well in tact and was very poor king but gave us an amazing look into the past.

Front 27

Rameses II

Back 27

considered the most powerful egyptian of all time and expanded the empire and brought it to its peak.

Front 28

Rameses III

Back 28

last new kingdom pharaoh and the kingdom collapsed during his reign

Front 29

monotheism

Back 29

belief in only one god

Front 30

assyrians

Back 30

dominated the middle east and spoke a semiotic language . large empire.

Front 31

ninevah

Back 31

center of the assyrian empire and located in what we know today as northern iraq.

Front 32

phoneicans

Back 32

known for their great sea faring ability, traded purple cloth, started the phonecian alphabet,and had many ports throughout the Mediterranean.

Front 33

papyrus

Back 33

phoencians traded this papyrus for scroll writing and other forms of writing very popular.

Front 34

persian empire

Back 34

group in the middle east that became very powerful and grew into parts of asia and turkey until it ran into greece which was eventually the downfall of the society.

Front 35

first persian ruler

Back 35

cyrus the great

Front 36

darius 1

Back 36

best king of persia and led them to great size and wealth and made life better for persians and conquered people.

Front 37

city darius 1 builds

Back 37

persopolis

Front 38

alexander the great

Back 38

born a prince in macadonia, embodied the perfect greek , takes throne at 16 and expands the greek empire all the way to india and eventually passes away at 31 and the greek empire splinters.

Front 39

alexandria

Back 39

city in egytp created by alexander the great and is now a huge city by the port

Front 40

minoan civilization 1st greek civilization

Back 40

sea faring society that collapsed due to the largest volcanic eruption to that date.

Front 41

greece dark age

Back 41

400 years of life where people scattered and lived on limited resources.

Front 42

pericles

Back 42

prominent politcal figure in athens during the golden age .

Front 43

socrates

Back 43

born in golden age and fought in the pelopnesian wars. challenged pop,e to thin about things by asking questions. did not work just roamed streets and asked questions and always sought wisdom but eventually made high officials made for questioning old traditions and starting thoughts. was evtuntually given the death penalty

Front 44

plato

Back 44

socrates star pupil, fought in the pelopensia war, disgusted with athens and dedicated his life to philosophy. wrote "the republic" and saw democracy as a failure.

Front 45

platos 3 group society

Back 45

lovers of money, lovers of honor, and philopshers.

Front 46

athens

Back 46

sophisticated and complex society , held art and theatre and debate highly. warrior-solider-artist all in one. created democracy .

Front 47

sparta

Back 47

greek city state that only cared about warfare and protecting its resrouces.

Front 48

democracy

Back 48

rule by the people and created in athens

Front 49

oligarchy

Back 49

rule by the few , was present in society.

Front 50

pelopnesian war

Back 50

war between sparta and athens, sparta evntually wins due to its millitiarsitic power but lets athens live and does not destroy its city just goes back to how it is was before but athens won't challenge them now.

Front 51

dellian league

Back 51

athens and allies

Front 52

pelopenisian league

Back 52

sparta and allies

Front 53

darius 2

Back 53

partnered with sparta to defeat athens and was darius 1 son and king of persia

Front 54

zoraster

Back 54

religion in persia, one of the oldest monotheistic religions existing, brought other religions from this.

Front 55

city state

Back 55

a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state. many of them existed in greece at this time.