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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the meaning of the word 'Mesopotamia'?
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"land between rivers"
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What feature of geography favored the first civilizations?
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rivers and water valleys
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What geographicalfeature of the ancient Near East had regular accessto water for irrigation systems?
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Fertile Crescent
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Who created the first civilizationof Mesopotamia?
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Sumerians
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What leader of the Akkadians established one of the first empires by overrunning the city-states of Sumer?
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Sargon
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Hammurabi is best remembered in the history of world civilizations for what accomplishment?
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Law Codes
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What is one of the earliest and most famouspieces of Mesopotamian literature, the story of a legendary king?
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Epic of Gilamesh
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The history of the hebrews can be found in which book?
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Hebrew Bible
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Isreal reached the height of its power under which king?
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Solomon
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What Persian emperor might be considered one of the greatest conquerors by creating a state that extended from Asian Minor to Western India?
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Cyrus
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What Persian religious teacher emphasized the ethical importance of people choosing right over wrong?
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Zoroaster
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What mountains in the north divided India from the rest of Asia?
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Himalayan and Karakoram Mountains
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What weather feature has the greatest influence on Indian climate and agriculture?
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rainfall
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Harappan Civilization developed in India along what river?
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Indus River
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What Indian prince abbandoned his home and family and introduced the idea of the Middle Path?
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Siddhartha Gautama
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Who was the founder of the first empire that controlled much of India after the death of Alexander the Great?
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Chandragupta Maurya
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How did the conversion of Buddhism of the Emperor Ashoka change his rule?
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Made him a nicer person, created rest stops for tired travelers, etc.
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What are the names of Indias great historical epics?
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Mahabharata and Ramayana
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What geographical features surrounding China led to its generalisolation from the rest of the world?
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Deserts and Mountains
(Gobi desert) |
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Confucius encouraged his disciples not to speculate too much on religious questions but to focus instead on what aspects?
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ovdeving affairs of own world -> duty and humanity
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What Zhou dynasty belief gave the emperor the right to rule over China and the people the right to overthrow a ruler?
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Mandate of Heaven
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Mencius, the follower of Confucius, offered what advice to win the empire?
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be a good and compassionate ruler
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What rivers supported civilization in China?
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Yangize River and the Yellow River
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What did the Shang rulers place in their royal tombs?
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Golden Vessels
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What principle justified the rule of the Zhou dynasty?
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Mandate of Heaven
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Lagalism called for what measures to see that people behaved correctly?
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Strict laws and harsh punishment
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Qin Shi Huangdi, the first Chin emperor, placed what in his tomb that was 'ruinously expensive'?
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terra-cotta soldiers and horses
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Homer gave an account of the Trojan War in what epic poem?
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Iliad
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What factor played an important role in shaping Greek history?
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sorrounding mountains: caused small communities, expantion with sea, and plenty rivalries
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What political institution shaped the development of the Greeks in the 8th Century?
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Mycenaean civilization: loose confederacy
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Lycurgus was known for creating laws governing society for what Greek people?
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Spartans
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What ruler from what country gained control of all of Greece after the Battle of Chaeronea?
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Alexander the Great
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Where was Rome located in Italy?
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On the plain of Latium near Tiger River
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What 2 classifications of people in Rome formed the Senate and the Assembly?
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Patrictions and Cleavons
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What classification of people first dominated the Roman republic?
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Patricians
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What general from the Carthage challenged the Romans in the Second Punic War?
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Hannibal
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What force defeated the Gracchus brothers and theirattempts to reform Rome?
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Members of the Senate killed them
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What services were provided for the people of imperial Rome?
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Public works: colloseum, baths, food, games
Entertainment: gladiator shows |
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Who was the prominent figure of early Christianity who helped spread the Christian message to wider audiences?
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Saint Paul
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What master of soldiersdid away with the last emperor of the West Roman Empire?
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Odoacer
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What was the major gift of Rometo the Mediterranean world and future generations?
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System of Laws
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What was the major project of Constantine and by what name was it known?
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New Rome: Constantinoble, Istanble
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Han Wudi was responsible for what development in China?
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went against neighbors, expanded Han empire, and secured boundaries.
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Where did the Mayans establish their empire?
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Yucatan penninsula
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What happened to the defeated players of the sacred ball court of the Maya?
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they were sacrificed to the gods in post game ceremonies
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What scripture is sacred to Islam?
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Koran or Qur'an
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What shrine in Mecca became the sacred center of Islam?
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Ka'aba
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Whose spiritual visions or inspirations became the foundation of Islam?
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Muhammad
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What are the meanings of Jihad?
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holy war
striving in the way of the lord |
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What are the 5 pillars of the Islamic faith?
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1. belief in Allah and Muhammad as his
2. standard prayer 5 times a day 3. observation of the holy month of Ramadan including fasting from dawn to sunset 4. making a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once 5. giving alms or zakat to the poor and unfortunate |
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What was the role of Islam beyond a set of religious beliefs?
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a way of life
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What contributed to the rapid expansion of Islam in the early 7th century?
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external trade routes, drought, and the desire by Muslim leaders to channel energy
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What group split from "Orthodox" Muslims to create a major schism or division in Islam?
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Shi'ite
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What accounts for the prosperity of the Abbasid caliphate, and early Islam in general?
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trade, conquest, and taking trade routes in the open frontier
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The Berbers were responsible for what kind of trade in what region?
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Traded agriculture, manufactured goods, and gold in North Africa near the Sahara
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The Epic of Son-Jara (Sundiata) celebrated what accomplishment of Sun-Jara?
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founding the Mali empire
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Mansa Musa became well known throughout the rest of the world for what accomplishments?
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his pilgrimage to Mecca, well known for how much he gave/spent
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The Swahili Coast became prosperous as a result of what activity?
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Trade
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What was the effect of Islamic expansion on African Society?
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Arabic language, new and broader religions, and influenced government.
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What is Great Zimbabwe and why is it important?
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Capital, Stone city in Southern Africa, was super powerful. And now shows how it use to be
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What era in Indian history is known for being a "Golden Age" and why?
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Gupta Dynasty: major trade routes and general prosperity
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The Kushan Kingdom became a transfer point for trade on what major trade route?
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Silk Road
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Mahmud of Ghazni was responsible for the expansion of Islam into what region?
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upper Indus river valley and as far south
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Who was the Mongol leader who was elected as Genghis Khan?
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Temuchin
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The Mongols were known for what kind of treatment of the local population?
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Brutal: they killed people and dogs, stole valuables, and took women
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How did the Mongols conquest affect trade?
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Increased trade, especially on the Silk Road. Kept tolerant economic policies
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Marco Polo is responsible for our accounts of what empire?
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Wan Dynasty (China)
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What items were the most attractive trade items in the Europe-Asia trade under the Mongols?
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Silk and Spice
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What nation contributed most to Japanese political and religious culture?
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China
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What was the function of the samurai in Japan?
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to protect the security and property of their patron
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Between 800 and 1500, which class of people in Japan took responsibility for military as well as administrative functions?
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Samurai
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In the Early Middle Ages in Europe, monasticism supported civilization in what ways?
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Monks = heros
Monks made schools, hospitals, hospitality, and passed on the legacy of the ancient world |
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In what ways did Charlemagne contribute to his being considered the "father of Europe"?
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crowned emperor by the Pope and brought together the Roman, Christian, and Germanic people. and also had a very large empire.
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What developments in the 9th and 10th centuries disintegrated political order in Europe?
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Invasion by Vikings and Magians
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What group formed the backbone of the European nobility and had the greatest social prestige?
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Knights
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What terms are associated with feudalism in Europe?
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vassals, lords, theif
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What were the obligations of serfs in the European Middle Ages?
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stay at the lands, provide labor services, pay rents, and be subject to the lords jurisdiction
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What economic system made it possible for feudal knights in Europe to have time needed to carry out their military duties?
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Feudalism/Feudal system
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What is heresy?
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beliefs contrary to official church doctorine
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The Western Christian holy "ware of the cross" to recapture the Holy Land is known by what name?
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Crusades
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The Crusades had what effect on economic growth in Europe?
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established set taxation and created lending places. It enhanced the revival of trade
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Magna Carta had what effect on the power of the English king?
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limited the monarchs power
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The English King Henry II had what impact on law in his kingdom?
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expanded power of king, created a body of common law, increased the number of criminal cases to be tried, and expanded the power of royal courts
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What does a knight receive in exchange for agreeing to be a vassal to his lord?
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fief: a piece of land
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Why did European knights and kings take part in the Crusades?
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stop infidels, take back the holy land, economic advantages, and to die a martyr
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Where did Scandinavian Vikings establish the first Rus (Russian) state?
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kiev (present day Ukrain)
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Why did the Rus leader Vladimir accept Christianity and what form of Christianity was it?
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Orthodox or Byzantine Christianity and because he married the Byzantine emperors sister
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What accomplishment of the Emperor Justinian proved to be "fleeting"?
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Conquest of Western empire: because it didn't last long
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What were the cultural and political features of the European Renaissance?
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Revived culture, arts, language etc.
Based on trade and around city-states |
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The appearance of rival popes in Rome and Avignon was called by what name?
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Great Schism
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What did the Flagellants do and why did they do it?
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go town to town flogging each other with whips to gain gods forgiveness
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The Black Death spread through Europe by what carrier and what means?
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Black rats with fleas who carried the disease
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The European Renaissance originated in what cities of what country?
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Italy: Milan, Florence, Venice, Papal, and Naples
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Who took control of the merchant power in Florence to enable his family to dominated politics in that city for generations?
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Minichie Family
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Who were the 3 "artistic giants" of the Italian Renaissance?
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Leonardo do Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo
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What group was responsible for reviving the study of the classic literature of ancient Greece and Rome?
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Petrarch-> Humanists
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The Great Schism had what effect on the power of the Christian church in the West?
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divided the church between France and England alies
thus weakened the power of the church |
