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114 Cards in this Set
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Successor of Muhammad; Religious and Political |
Caliph |
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Community of the faithful |
Umma |
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Only accept the blood relative of Muhammad and his decedents |
Shia |
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Accept the first 4 caliphs and everyone the followed |
Sunni |
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House of Islam |
Dar Al Islam |
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Sunni Muslims that ruled; ruling family of the caliphate system |
Abbasid |
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internal armed conflict; generals and soldiers believed they were called upon by Allah to convert people to Islam; fought with a higher purpose |
Jihad |
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Non Muslim living in the house of Islam |
Dhimmi |
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Capital of Islam and home of the Caliph |
Baghdad |
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Language of Islam |
Arabic |
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Law of Islam; made no distinction between criminal, family, and business law |
Shiria |
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Head tax that had to be paid by Dhimmis |
Jizya |
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chief of military, holder of power, he who has authority |
Sultan |
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Those who follow Osman |
Ottomans |
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first point when Ottomans set up base in Europe |
Gallipoli |
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Counsel that selects the Grand Vizier in Ottoman Empire |
Imperial Diwan |
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Law of the land in Ottoman empire |
Sharia |
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Official language of the Ottoman Empire |
Ottoman Turkish |
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People living in the Ottoman Empire that were not Muslims |
Dhimmis |
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Important port to world trade that was owned by the Byzantine Empire; the Ottoman Empire wanted it; Ottomans took it over in 1453 |
Constantinople; Previously known and Byzantium |
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Western Africa |
Sahelian Region |
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Arabic for shore; reference to the lush, green, fertile lands of Western Africa |
Sahil |
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Capital of Ghana |
Koumbi Saleh |
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Currency of Ghana |
Dinar |
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Language of Ghana |
Soninke |
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North of Ghana; good exported from North of Ghana |
Salt Mines; Salt |
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South of Ghana; good exported from south of Ghana; reason the Muslims came to Ghana |
Gold Mines; Gold |
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Why did the Muslims want the gold they can all to Ghana for? |
The Muslims used it for a currency |
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Three regions of Western Africa |
Ghana, Mali, Songhay |
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top guy of Mali, led the army, takes over what the SOSO took |
Sundiata |
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home territory outside of Ghana; became the capital of Mali |
Niani |
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Chiefdoms; King of Mali |
Mansa |
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People of Mali |
Malinke |
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Language of the land |
Arabic |
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Muslim that became king after Sundiata |
Mansa Musa |
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territory that broke away from Mali and became independent |
Geo |
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Ruler of Geo and the founder of Songhay |
Sonni Sulayman Dandi |
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Ruler after Sonni Sulayman Dandi died |
Sonni Ali |
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Ousted Sonni Ali's son from the throne and took over |
Muhammad al-Turi |
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Trade Routes during Mansa Musa's time |
Timbuktu and Jenne |
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Why did Muslims want to capture Jerusalem? |
Because it is where Muhammad ascended into Heaven |
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Who are the people who took over the Holy City and would not allow any non Muslims inside |
Salijuuas |
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Emperor of the Byzantine Empire that cataloged all Roman Law |
Emperor Justinian |
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Roman City Law |
Corpus Luris Civilis |
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Holy Wisdom; this place was built by the Eastern Orthodox Church and was turned into a Mosk |
Higia Sophia |
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Slavic people; missionaries; went to recuit for the Eastern Othodox Church |
Cyril |
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Alphabet of the Slavic people |
Cyrillic |
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during 800 a region or country governed by individual lords who administered their own estates, dispensed their own judgment, levied taxes and tolls, and demanded military service from vassals |
Feudalism |
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Social Structure of Medieval Europe |
Lords, Knights, Serfs |
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What did the lords give the vassals? |
Protection |
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What were the knights obligations and rights? |
military service (40 days or whenever needed), give the lord gifts when his son was knighted and his daughter married, show up when his daughter was married and his son was knighted, sit on court with the lord, swore an oath of loyalty, provide entertainment and lodging to the lord when he came to visit |
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What were the rights and obligations of the Serfs? |
could not go off the Manor on their own accord, had to get permission to marry within your Manor, make the lord's bread |
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How much did the population grow in Medieval Europe during the agricultural revolution? |
doubled in 300 years |
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What innovations were introduced during the agricultural revolution in Medieval Europe? |
heavy plow, horse power, horse shoes, collar harnesses, windmill, watermill, three field systems, crop rotations |
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Why did feudalism come about? |
The emperor of the Holy Roman Empire died and each member of his family dived up the land and started fighting to get bigger shares
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How to become a master craftsman |
10 years old - apprenticeship, 16 years old - journey man, 22 years old - put to the tests |
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What were the consequences of increased economic expansions during the High and Later Middle Ages? |
Growth of cities and revivial of long distance trade |
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Traded wood and fur |
Scandinavia |
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traded wool |
northern Europe |
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traded wine and cheese |
France |
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traded olives and olive oil |
Italy |
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What was being imported by everyone? |
the items from the Song Dynasty |
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What were the Characteristics of a Medieval City? |
Fortresses, manned gates for entry and exit, relatively small population, people are engaging in manufacturing |
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Controlled all the production of a good |
Guild |
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the document that declared the countries independent from the lords |
Charter |
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All the land in Europe was his; he conquered it |
William the Conquer |
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the taxes collected by William the Conquer |
Doomsday book |
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think of them like counties and they had a sheriff |
Shires |
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the Chancellor of the Exchequer in Europe |
Henry I |
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the person who dealt with the taxes |
Exchequer |
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this guy sent out judges to make common law in Europe |
Henry II |
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one legal system common throughout England |
Common Law |
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enemy of Phillip from France; took the nobles money to fight land battles; threw all the nobles that refused to pay in jail |
King John |
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document written by powerful lords in Europe to set King John straight; checked the power of the king |
Magma Carta |
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2 most important clauses of the Magma Carta |
king could not collect taxes without proper representation; no one could be imprisoned without due process |
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set up by Henry III; supreme court of the king in England |
Parliament |
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King of Paris |
Hugh Capet |
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fought against John from England, got land, created shires |
Phillip Augustus |
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Providences in France |
Shires |
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in each providence there was a similar person to the sheriff in England |
Balli |
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created Parlement in France; introduced national currency, prevented lords from fighting with one another |
Louis IX |
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created the Estates General in France |
Phillip IV |
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supreme court of France |
Parlement |
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1st: Clergy 2nd: Nobility, 3rd: towns |
Estates General |
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After Muhammad died, his successors expanded Islam by taking over lands |
Early Islamic Expansion |
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During this period, there were many army successes that expanded the Islamic Empire |
Abbasid Period |
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These people took over Islam much like they did in China |
Mongols |
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This empire was put together by this person conquering lands the Mongols took over in Islam |
Tamerlan's Empire |
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How and why did Islam spread so quickly? |
the army had many successes and fought with a higher purpose |
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How did Islamic Empires treat non-Muslims living in the "House of Islam"? |
They were given restrictions; their place of worship could be no bigger than the smallest mosk, could not serve in the military or hold political office, pay a head tax, testimony not accepted against a Muslim in court |
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This person was a Sultan; he was a saltuq turk, a warrior, he ruled the military of Islam |
Tughril Beg |
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What was the role of Sultan in the Abbasid Empire? |
To run the military |
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What were the origins of the Ottoman Empire? |
Osman Bay and Orhan I were sultans and took over land in the Byzantine Empire to get to Constantinople
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Why and when did Byzantium fall to the Ottoman Turks? |
1453 They lacked outside help! England and France were fighting each other the plague Italy city states were fighting each other
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What was the political structure of this Empire? |
Sulton Grand Vizier Senior Officials Local Calvary Peasants |
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What were the Ottoman's policies regarding Dhimmis? |
The same as islams
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Was the empire in decline by 1800? Why? |
YES! there was a crisis in leadership after Suleyman died shifting patterns of world trade suffered defeats from countries pushing back |
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This man lead the final phase of Ottoman expansion |
Suleyman the Magnificiant |
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What were the origins of Mali? |
The fall of Ghana to SOSO foreign army Sundiata rose up and took over the land the SOSO took and made himself king |
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What were the origins of Songhai? |
The fall of Mali Mansa Musa died and led to an uneasy leadership parts of Mali were trying to break away and become independent Geo broke away and turned into Songhai |
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How ere all three African empires structured and governed? |
Kings were Muslim but they did not force it onto anyone King by Devine Right local chiefdoms merchants farmers slaves |
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How did Ghana fall? |
invasion of the SOSO foreign army |
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How did Mali fall? |
Mansa Musa died and contrived began breaking away and becoming independent |
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How did Songhai fall? |
A civil war comes into play because the Muhammad al-Turi died and two families were fighting over the throne |
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When did Muslims start arriving in Africa? |
c 800 |
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Why were Muslims in Africa? |
For the Gold which they used for currency |
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Why did Muslims stay in Africa? |
the king started hiring them as bookkeepers
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What effects did Islam have on the Western Sahelian region? |
They did not force Islam on anyone, they sort of gained members by association. and it all trickled down from there |
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What were the origins of the Byzantine Empire? |
The Holy Roman Empire divided up into two parts |
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Why was this an especially long lived and strong empire? |
they were wealthy because of trade, cities acted as fortifies, urbanized, larger population, and better governed |
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What were the basic characteristics of this empire? |
Eastern Orthodox church Capital in Constantinople |
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How did Eastern Orthodox Church differ from roman Catholicism? |
Head Church Service Clerical Celibacy Eucharist religious iconography
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How and why did the Byzantine empire fall? |
Fell to the Ottomans They called for help from the west but no one came
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What were some of the lasting accomplishments of the Byzantine Empire? |
Emperor Justinain Higia Sophia Slavic People They served as a wall of protection against the Ottomans, if not the Ottomans would have taken over all of Europe |
