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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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- Offered protection
- Since of isolation |
Gobi Desert
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- First real civilization in China
- Shang family ruled for several hundred years - China enters bronze age during rule - Rich and powerful were worried about after life - Took prize possessions with then in death - Chariot driver and horse were buried alive with the rich |
Shang Dynasty (1600-1027bc)
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-China enters this during Shang Dynasty
- Many parts of their life were made of bronze ex. Art, weapons, chariots - Very much part of Chinese life - Buried with the dead |
Bronze age
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- Supreme god
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“Deity Above”
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- Small concentration of people
- Ruler lived in capital and was “star” - Social hierarchy |
City –State
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- Successful in overthrowing the Shang in 1027BC
- Worked hard to gain power, than had to prove after revolt - First ruler referred to self as” Son of Heaven” - Mandate of Heaven: The theory that Heaven gives the king a mandate to rule only as long as he rules in the interests of the people. - Divine element in power structure - Feudalism appears - Vassals were second most powerful and would take their armies to support king - In 771 power diminished greatly |
Zhou Dynasty (1027-771,771-256bc)
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- First Zhou ruler referred to himself
- Zhou’s claimed they had a mandate from heaven to overthrow Shang - Divine element with ruler as king |
“Son of Heaven”
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Important part of Zhou defense
- Becomes pronounced institution in China during Zhou rule - Appears in first to centuries of Zhou rule - Lord (king) vassal (nobles) relationship - Lord provided protection and vassal’s would provide soliders |
Feudalism
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- Zhou technological advance
- Much more effective tool than wooden-tipped plow - Enabled the expansion of agriculture which lead to expansion of world |
Iron-tipped plow
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- Ruled from 781-771BC
- Zhou ruler - GF had interest in war/soldiers - Would ‘Cry Wolf” to delight GF in turn made subjects mad - In 771 signals were sent but soldiers didn’t respond - Killed in 771 due to “crying wolf” too man times - Great turning point in Zhou Dynasty |
Youwang (781-771bc)
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The period of Chinese history between 403 and 221 BCE when states fought each other and one after another was destroyed until only one remained.
- Commanders had little to no respect for prisoners - Brutal form of warfare -Tragic period on China - One state emerges supreme - Etiquette in war is removed |
Warring States Period (403-221bc)
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-Virtue
- Ren (jen) -Filial piety - Tried to deal with decline in China - Great philosopher - Tried to come up with solutions to problems - Reinstate feel from the early part of the Zhou Dynasty (people did their tasks) - Ideas to help stabilize society - Idea of a gentleman very important - Bring new meaning to society |
Confucius (551-479bc)
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- Part of the ideal gentleman
- Extremely important to Confucius - Confucius hoped people would live to this standard - Way to bring new meaning to society |
Virtue
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- Humaneness, benevolence, human-heartedness, perfect goodness
- The ultimate Confucian virtue; - It is translated as perfect goodness, benevolence, humanity, human-heartedness, and nobility.) - Highest of Confucius’ virtues - Important to the creation of a proper society - Reaching out to others |
Ren (jen)
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- (Obedience of children toward their parents; it was extolled by Confucius.)
- Respect for one’s parents - Part of Confucius goal to bring about stability and new meaning to society - One of the basic principles we associate with Confusiusism - Devotion to family more important than devotion to state - Still common today in Chinese culture - Continues after Confucius time |
Filial piety
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- Finally pulls China together
- Creators of Imperial China - Ruthlessness in bureaucrats - Tyranny type rule - Short time of power - Shih Huag-di was first emperor - Frist great wall built - Ends due to ruthlessness of Shih Huag-di |
Qin Dynasty (221-206bc)
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- Creates Imperial China
- Finally unites China - Tries to accomplish a great deal in a short period of time - Very tyrannical - Dream dynasty would last 1000 years - Known as “Chinese Caesar” - First Emperor - Developed standard currency and system of weights and measures - Standardized system of writing - Burned books - Distrusted scholars, buried them alive - Started tree lined highways - Ordered construction of 1st great wall - Realized threat of independent states - Had all power - Most noteworthy is his tomb - Died from taking mercury pills at 49 yrs. old |
Shih Huag-di (221-210bc)
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- Ordered construction by Shih Huag-di
- 1400 miles in length, 25 ft high and 15 ft wide at base - Built to protect China in the north |
Great wall
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- Most noteworthy act of Shih Huag-di
- 1000s of workers, most were killed - Rediscovered in 1974 - Tried to recreate entire realm at death - Had 7000 Terra cotta soldiers all life like in size and painted bright colors - Protection in after life |
Tomb
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- Greatest ruler was Wu Ti
- Noted for large network of roads (2500miles) that branched out from capital - Good communication skilled - Orderly government - Pax Sinica - Economic prosperity - Greatest period of strength was during Wu TI rule - Later rulers caused fall mainly due to taxes - Generals turned on central government - Ended in 220AD |
Han Dynasty (202bc-220ad)
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- Greatest Han Dynasty emperor
- Known as “Warrior Emperor” - Launched the Pax Sinica - Improved revenue of government - Established monopoly on salt, iron, alcohol - Expanded size of empire - Maintained stability - Spread confusism across China |
Wu Ti (141-87bc)
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- During Han Dynasty
- Lead by Wu Ti - Means Chinese peace - Parallels Pax Romana in west |
“Pax Sinica” (141bc-220ad)
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-Roman Peace (Pax Romana) Chinese peace (Pax Sinica) overlapped each other
- Roman Empire polyglot-→ Chinese largely homogeneous - Roman’s had the med. Sea that made travel easy and united the empire→ Chinese were largely land locked - Roman’s had road system (Applan Way)→ Chinese also had a road system that pulled empire together - Roman world had many rulers→ China had one family rule of many centuries - China stable→ Roman rocky - Roman expansion over long period of time→ China’s expansion over short period of time |
Comparison of Rome Empire and Imperial China
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- Becomes known as the Byzantine Empire
- 476 AD Western Roman Empire dies - Constantinople capital and center of empire - Thrives after the fall of the Western Roman Empire - Turks over run in 1453 AD - Constantine major ruler |
Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire)
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- Legalized Christianity
- Made Byzantium capital of eastern Roman Empire changed name to Constantinople |
Constantine
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o Capital of Eastern Roman Empire
o Serves as the bridge between Europe and Asia, water on 3 sides serves as protection o Over run by Turks in 1453 AD |
Byzantium: Constantinople
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Important ruler in the 6th century
- Wife Theodora - Dreamed of recreating the roman empire of the past (looked west) - Language of the court was Latin - Greatest success Justinian Code - Saw himself as the hire of the Roman Emperors of the past - Focused conquest to the west - Wanted to reconquering all former parts of Roman Empire (failed) - Died naturally in 565AD - his successors were poor compared to him - After his death western parts fell to barbarians |
Justinian (r. 527-565)
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- Wife of Justinian
- More tough minded than husband - Would become organizer of the moment - Daughter of a bear keeper - Was a dancer at the circus - Had enemies due to her humble beginnings - Savoir of Justinian’s rule - Worked closely with husband |
Theodora
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Became know as the Nika revolt of 532 AD
- Early in Justinian reign - Anger over high taxes - Anger over government becoming too large - Anger over corrupt government - Justinian was at a lose as what to do - Theodora organized the threats on the street - Belisarius worked with Theodora on a counter thrust against people in the street |
Nika Uprising 532ad
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Worked with Theodora on a counter thrust against people in the street during Nika Revolt
- Important general in the Eastern Roman Empire in the conquest of the west - Brilliant general - Took Carthage 533AD - Other areas of North Africa fell under his command - Conquered Naples and Rome, 536AD(southern Italy) - Conquered Ravenna, 540 AD (northern Italy) - Emperor became jealous of his success - Recalled as general in 540AD after conquering Revanna(forced retirement) |
Belisarius
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Civil law code
- Corpus Juris Civilis - Great success of Justinian, another way of unifying his empire - Justinian’s lasting impression on Eastern Roman Empire - Combined old Roman laws - Used when laws were made in later centuries - One of the greatest successes of the Roman world were it’s laws |
Justinian Code (529-535 AD)
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- Came to power in 610AD
- Saved the Roman Empire - Very Dangours time - Persians were a great threat - Rallied troops to push Persians back and saved Constantinople - Knocked the Persians out - Regains Anatolia, Syria, Palestine, Egypt - Toward end of his reign loses Syria, Palestine, Egypt to Arabs |
Heraclius (r. 610-641 AD)
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- Established by Heraclius in 610AD
- Saved the Roman Empire - Biggest threat came from Persian - Persian Siege of Constantinople 626 AD - Heraclius saved Constantinople and knocked Persians out |
Herclian Dynasty (610-711AD)
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Persian world falls
- Eastern Roman Empire Gains Anatolia, Syria, Palestine, Egypt |
Persian Siege of Constantinople 626 AD
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- Regained by Heraclius
- Loss of Syria, Palestine, and most of Egypt o Taken over by the Arabs - Before Heraclius’ death |
Anatolia, Syria, Palestine, Egypt
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