World Civ- Ancient Civilizations

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archaeologists

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a person who studies the remains of ancient societies

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prehistory

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the distant past

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artifacts

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objects such as pieces of bone or stone that humans made into tools or weapons

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fossils

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traces of ancient plants or animals

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society

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a network of relationships with other human beings, including family members, neighbors, or nearby groups

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culture

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the way of life that a group of people develops and passes onto its children

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anthropologists

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scientists who study the ways societies and cultures are organized

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Paleolithic Age

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the old stone age- people in those years used stone to make many of their basic tools

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namads/ hunters and gatherers

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people who moved often in search of food, following regular routes, revisiting the same places

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technology

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an important part of a group's culture, tools and the skills to use those tools make up a groups technology

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neolithic

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a time of rapid change. many of the discoveries that form the basis for modern life took place in the neolithic age

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domesticated

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wild animals tamed for human use

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Jarmo

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a good example of an early farming village. it is now Iraq and dates from 6750 B.C

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Catal Huyuk

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a larger town than Jarmo, had 3000 people

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Fertile Crescent

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good soil for growing food and in the shape of a crescent

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sumerians

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lived in Sumer- the southern part of Mesopotamia in the marshes near the Persian Gulf. The people shared a common culture, built the worlds first civilization

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civilizations

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one form of culture- a very complicated form

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artisans

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skilled workers who make goods by hand

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cuneiform

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an ancient form of writing that used wedge-shaped symbols

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institutions

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a long-lasting pattern of organization in a society. Governments, families, education system and organized religions are examples of institutions

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city-state

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a political unit made up of a city and the surrounding countryside that is under the control of the city

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barter

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a form of trade in which people exchange goods without the use of money

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ziggurat

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a sumerian temple built in tiers

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polytheism/polytheists

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a person who believes in more than one god

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Amorites

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a group of nomadic warriors in about 2000 B.C. invaded Mesopotamia

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Babylon

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a center of an empire

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Hammurabi

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a highly successful general who conquered all of Mesopotamia

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empire

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a state that conquers other territories and people and then rules them

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Hammurabi's Code

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3 fundamental principles to deal with different legal problems

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Phoenicians

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the most powerful traders and merchants around the Mediterranian Sea in 1100 B.C

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colonies

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a settlement in a new territory by a group of people who keep their ties to their home government; a region governed by a foreign power

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alphabet

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a simpler way of writing -22 symbols

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literacy

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the ability to read and write

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Jews (Hebrews)

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a small group of people in the Southwest Asia

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monotheism/monotheists

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a person who believes in one god

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Moses

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leader of jewish Slaves out of Egypt

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The Ten Commandments

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10 rules that God created for people to follow

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covenant

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a contract of pledge between two or more people

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prophets

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a messenger sent to reveal God's will

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Bronze Age

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2800 to 1200 B.C; bronze was the basic metal used for tools and weapons

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Iron Age

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1200 to 700 B.C; advantage to urban civilizations over less settled people

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Assyrians

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from the northern part of Mesopotamia....very violent people

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Chaldeans

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defeated the Assyrians and made Babylon their capitol. the constilations marked their months

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King Nebuchandnezzar

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ruled from 605 to 562 B.C

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Babylonian Captivity

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after concuring jerusalem 15,000 Jews were captured and sent to be slaves in Jerusalem

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What areas did the Persian Empire conquer from 550-539 B.C?

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all of the Fertile Crescent and most of Asia Minor

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Cyrus

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King of the Persians

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What was the key to Cyrus's success?

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his generosity toward conquered peoples

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Who was Darius?

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Cambyses' successor- had been a member of the King's bodyguard
-conquere Afghanistan, India, Egypt, Asia Minor, and the Fertile Crescent

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provinces

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roughly equal to the homelands of the many groups of people within the empire

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satrap

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a royal governor of a province in the persian empire

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royal road

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a road running from Susa, the Persian capitol to Sardis in Asia Minor- 1,677 miles

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coins of standard value

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metal coins for the first time, made trading easier

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Zoroaster

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a persian prophet

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Zoraster's teachings

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two spiritual armies fight for possession of a person's soul. one is lead by the God of truth and light and the other of evil and darkness

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What was Persepolis?

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the city that symbolized the Persian empire. the source of the royal power that held the vast empire together