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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is meant by the term home-work interface?
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Source of work place stress in which employees experience difficulties balancing the competing demands of home and work responsibilities
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What is meant by the term work-life balance?
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Ideal situation in which an individual has equal time for both work and home life
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What is meant by the term decision latitude?
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Sense of control individual has over workload and it's organisation. High decision latitude is associated with lower susceptibility to SRIs
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What are the possible causes of workplace stress?
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Environment, home-work interface, control, workload
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Causes of workplace stress
Key points about the environment as a source of workplace stress |
- heating, lighting, physical arrangement
- intense noise/temperature increases can lead to frustration, stress, aggression - physical layout - personal space/privacy |
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Causes of workplace stress
Key points about home-work interface as a source of workplace stress |
- balancing home and work stressful-
- work-life balance = individual having time for home and work = less stress/better psychological adjustment |
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Causes of workplace stress
Key points about control as a source of workplace stress |
Decision latitude
- high control = low stress; low control = increased stress - lack of control over aspects of the job lack of involvement in decision making account not taken of staff ideas/suggestions about the job lack of influence over performance targets lack of time |
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Causes of workplace stress
Key points about workload as a source of workplace stress |
- unrealistic deadlines and expectations, often as a result of super achievement by the most talented
- technology overload - unmanageable workloads - under recruitment of staff for work already timetabled Dewe (1992) – having little to do can have similar effects to that of when you have too much to do |
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What did Karasek's (1979) job strain model say about the relationships between control and demand in the workplace?
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- most stressful jobs = low control/high demand
- least stress stressful jobs = high control/low demand |
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Who conducted research into workplace stress?
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Marmot et al. (1997)
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Whitehall studies
Offer an overview of the basis of Marmot et al. (1997) research |
Analysed data from over 7000 participants who participated in Whitehall II
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Research into workplace stress
Whitehall studies Over of Marmot et al. (1997) research What were the Whitehall studies? |
Longitudinal studies on workplace stress and health relationships
Included investigations into social determinants of health - prevalence of cardiovascular disease and mortality rates |
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Research into workplace stress
Marmot et al. (1997) What was the aim? (A01) - Description |
To investigate the relationship between control in workplace and risk of developing CHD
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Research into workplace stress
Marmot et al. (1997) What was the procedure? (A01) - Description |
- Over 7000 civil servants completed questionnaire on workload, job control and amount of social support received from others
- Checked for signs of cardiovascular disorder - Reassessed after five years |
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Research into workplace stress
Marmot et al. (1997) What were the findings? (A01) - Description |
- Negative correlation high work load and SRI
- Degree of 'decision latitude' most significant factor |
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Research into workplace stress
Marmot et al. (1997) (A02) - Evaluation Methodological issue - bias |
Disadvantage of research methods used - self-report questionnaires
Social desirability bias Embarrassed to enclose private details |
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Research into workplace stress
Marmot et al. (1997) (A02) - Evaluation Methodological issue - sample |
Biased sample - all participants had particular occupation
Generalization difficult to other groups of workers |
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Research into workplace stress
Marmot et al. (1997) (A02) - Evaluation Supporting evidence |
Johansson (1978)
Higher levels of stress of stress hormones/SRIs in group of sawmill employees; machine-paced work = lack of control over work rate |
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Research into workplace stress
(A02) - Evaluation Supporting evidence |
Fox et al. (1993)
Low control and high demand related to higher blood pressure in nurses - high blood pressure = major risk factor for heart disease |
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What are other sources of workplace stress?
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Role ambiguity (unsure of responsibilities); employee relationships; career progression
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How can workplace stress be measured?
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Self-report questionnaires to assess workplace stress and employee characteristics
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Who devised a way of measuring workplace stress?
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Cooper et al. (1998)
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What was their measure of workplace stress called?
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Occupational stress indicator
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What does the occupational stress indicator use to measure workplace stress?
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Self-report questionnaires to measure sources of stress, social support, Type A behaviour, and coping strategies
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What are the findings from measures of stress such as the occupational stress indicator then used for?
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To devise strategies to reduce negative effects of stress on both individual (health issues) and organisation (absenteeism, lowered productivity)
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What do these strategies include?
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Stress management programmes tailored specifically to individual for employees/changes to way organisation is structured/managed i.e. workers at all levels given more control over how workloads are distributed/organised
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