Unit Ii

Front 1

Satrap

Back 1

A governor of a province in the Persian Empire

Front 2

Royal Road

Back 2

A road in the Persian Empire stretching over 1,600 miles from Persia to Anatolia

Front 3

Indo-Europeans

Back 3

A group of semi-nomadic people, who around 1700 B.C. , began to migrate from what is now Southern Russia to India, Europe, and Asia

Front 4

Hitties

Back 4

An Indo-European people who settled in Anatolia around 2000 B.C. They excelled in war technology with chariots and iron weapons

Front 5

Aryans

Back 5

An Indo-Europeans group who began to migrate into the Indian Subcontinent

Front 6

Castes

Back 6

The social classes that the Aryans who settled in India created

Brahmins - Priests

Kshatriyas - Rulers and Warriors

Vaishyas - Peasants and Traders

Shudras - Laborers and The Untouchables

Front 7

Karma

Back 7

Hinduism & Buddhism

The totality of good and bad deeds done by a person in their life, which is believed to determine their fate

Front 8

Jainism

Back 8

A religion founded in India in the 6th century B.C. whose members believed that everything in the universe had a soul and shouldn't be harmed

Front 9

Polis

(City-state)

Back 9

Independent city that operates much like an independent country

Front 10

Aristocracy

Back 10

A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility

Front 11

Oligarchy

Back 11

A government in which power is in the hands of a few people (group) - usually wealthy leaders but sometimes based on people's abilities

Front 12

Direct (Pure) Government

Back 12

A government in which citizens rule directly rather than having representatives

Front 13

Representative (Indirect) Government

Back 13

A government founded on the principle of elected individuals representing the people

Front 14

Republic

Back 14

A type of representative democracy that has a constitutionally limited government that is adopted by the people and divided into 3 branches

-Legislative

-Executive

-Judicial

Front 15

Mycenaean Culture

Back 15

Indo-Europeans who settled on Greek mainland

Front 16

Hellenistic Culture

Back 16

Greek culture blended with the nearby cultures of Egyptians, Persians, and Indians in part due to Alexander's military and government policies

Front 17

Patrician

Back 17

A member of the wealthy, privileged upper class in Ancient Rome

Front 18

Plebian

Back 18

One of the common farmers, artisans, and merchants

Pretty much everyone but the rich

Front 19

Consul

Back 19

In the Roman republic, one of the two powerful officials was elected each year to command the army and the government

Front 20

Senate

Back 20

In ancient Rome the supreme governing body originally made up of only aristocrats

Front 21

Assimilation

Back 21

The adoption/enforcement of a conqueror's culture (institutions and customs) by a conquered people

Front 22

Multiculturalism

Back 22

The preservation of different cultures or cultural ideas within a unified society, as a state or a nation

Front 23

Patriarchal

Back 23

Relating to a social system in which the father is the head of the family

Front 24

Matriarchal

Back 24

Relating to a social system in which the mother is the head of the family

Front 25

Push-Pull Factors

Back 25

Conditions that draw people to another location (pull factors) or cause people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region (push factors)

Front 26

Sunni

Back 26

A majority sect or branch of Islam that acknowledges the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad

Front 27

Shi'a

Back 27

Another sect of Islam (minority) who acknowledged Ali and his descendants as the only rightful successors of Muhammad

Front 28

Caliph

Back 28

Means "successor" or "deputy", the supreme political and religious leader in the Muslim government