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322 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Why do grammarians consider "Between you and me" to be correct? |
Because between is a preposition, and prepositions, in answering the question "When" or "Where", have an added rule that anything after them must be an object. So we use me, not I. More generally, we're avoiding a hypercorrection here. |
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History & Story |
Both come from Greek Historia, meaning "To Inquire". Story can also refer to the level of a building, and the reason that meaning came about is because there used to be a different "story" painted on every level of a cathedral. |
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Difference between annals, chronicles, and history |
Annal type of historical writing that go year by year. Histories are an analysis that follows one path come back to another and go place to place. A chronicle is an historical account of facts and events ranged in chronological order, as in a time line. Equal weight is given to historically important events & local events. |
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Rich as Croesus |
This was a Lydian (Greek) King that was so rich, he would tell his visitors to take as much gold from his treasure room that they could carry on their body. |
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Sword of Damocles |
So Damocles was a guy who was jealous of King Dionysus II, who was a 4th Century BCE tyrant. Dionysus said "Okay, go ahead and sit on my throne." Turns out a sword was strung above him hanging by a thread while he was sitting there, and Damocles thought, "With power and fortune comes so much danger and responsibility." |
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Marathon |
Site of great Athenian victory against invading Persians. This guy ran 26 miles to Athens to tell them they won, because everyone was worried that surviving Persian ships would go lie & say they won instead. |
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Laconic |
Brief, pithy, concise. Spartans were considered to be laconic. |
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Spartan |
Rigorously self-disciplines; austere & frugal |
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Draconian |
Extremely severe. Comes from Draco the Athenian law giver who was just a truly harsh guy. |
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Academy |
Where the great phiosopher Plato taught. Means "a school or learned society" |
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Democracy vs Republic vs Empire |
Rule by People (demos) (Latin populus) Rule by Elected Leaders (Business) Rule by Central Authority or Oligarchy (this is what Romans eventually had after they were done with the republic |
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Vow vs Vote |
Both come from Latin Votum. Vote came from Latin purely, & Vow went through French so stuff got mangled and we ended up with vow also. |
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Circumstances that Latin & Greek combining vowels drop out |
When a prefix that ends w/ a vowel is put before a word that begins with a vowel the prefix typically loses its last vowel. Ana & Odos becomes Anodos, which becomes English Anode. Meta & Odos becomes Methodos, which becomes English Method. Kata & Odos becomes Kathodos, which becomes English Cathode. |
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Connecting Vowel for Latin/Greek |
I & O |
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When do the Combining Vowels Drop Out or Stay? |
Connecting vowels are left out when the second part begins with an h or a vowel. |
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Additional Allomorphs: Anti/Ant/Blank, Epi/Ep/Blank, Ana/Blank, Cata/Cat/Blank, Dia/Blank, Hypo/Hyp/Blank |
Anth, Eph, An, Cath, Di, Hyph |
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Dates & Outcome of Persian Wars & Peloponnesian War |
Persian Wars: 490, 480 BCE, Greeks won. Peloponnesian War: 431-404 BCE, Spartans won. |
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Anthropology |
Anthropos - Human Being, Greek. Logy = Study of. |
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Sociology |
Study of society or groups of people. Comes from Latin socius, or companion. |
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Economics |
Study of production, development, & distribution of material resources. Means "Household Management". But it's household management written large. |
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Greek Economic Theories: Plato vs. Aristotle |
Plato: Communism, coming from communis or "common" Aristotle: "What is common to most people is cared for least. People think most of their own things and least of what is shared." Opposed monopolies & acquisition of money for its own sake though. |
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Roman Practice Know Agriculture & Aqueducts |
Agriculture & Farm Management - Agri (Land) & Cultura (Cultivation) Went from family farms to huge estates (which we call *Latifundia* - farmers are squeezed out of their land & moved into cities). Romans often fought over land, & thus loved to survey their properties & would bring their cases to court. Romans were brilliant engineers who created ways of managing the grain supply. Brought in their water via Aqueducts (Water-Conducting - or a drawing off of water).
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Numismatics |
Study of coins. Lawful money = Nomisma |
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Know Solid, Soldier, & Mercenary |
Solidus was an adjective that meant "solid, real, enduring". Created the noun "solidus" which meant a coin. Mercenary comes from mercennarius, meaning "wages or price". Means a soldier who works for pay. |
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Know Fiscal & Finance |
Fiscal comes from Latin Fiscus meaning "purse" or "money basket". Finance comes from Latin Finis or "end" |
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Money |
Long Version: Famous temple in Rome, temple of Junomenata, became a mint where coins were made.
Short Version: From Latin Monetarious meaning pertaining to the Mint. Mint meant coin, and Mint came from Latin Moneta |
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I/Me ordered the spinach salad. |
I |
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John and I/me ordered the spinach salad. |
I |
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Mary saw I/me at the beach. |
Me |
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Mary saw Bill and I/me at the beach. |
Me |
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Tom came to the party with she/her |
Her |
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Tom came to the party with Mary and she/her |
Her. |
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I am going to have to have a discussion with they/them. |
Them |
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You and I/me are going to have to have a discussion with Ted and they/them. |
I, Them. |
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We/Us wil lbe sitting between Ted and they/them. |
We, them. |
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John and she/her will be sitting between Ted and we/us. |
She, us. |
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John and we/us will complete the task with they/them. |
We, them. |
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With who/whom will you and she/her study with? |
Whom, she. |
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That is the man who/whom stole the money. |
Who |
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We don't know who/whom Mary brought to the movie. |
Whom |
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I have no idea who/whom did that. |
Who |
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John and he/him talked with the man who/whom they saw at the store. |
He, whom. |
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The man, who/whom John and her/she liked, was forty years old. |
Whom, she |
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We, who/whom never did you any harm, don't deserve this. |
Who |
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Ask not for who/whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee. |
Whom |
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We got tickets for whoever/whomever wants to come. |
Whoever |
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{A/An} = |
Without, Not |
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{Anti/Ant} = |
Against, Opposite |
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{Epi/Ep} = |
Upon |
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{Syn/Sym} = |
With, Same, Together |
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{Ana} = |
Up, Back, Again |
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{Cata} = |
Down |
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{Dia} = |
Through, Between |
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{Peri} = |
Around, Near |
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{Ec/Ex} = |
Out |
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{En/Em} = |
In, Within |
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{Hyper} = |
Above, Excessive, Too Much |
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{Hypo} = |
Under, Too Little |
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{Meta/Met} = |
After, Among, Changing |
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{Palin/Pali} = |
Back, Again |
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{Para/Par} = |
Side By Side, Abnormal, Subordinate |
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{Pro} = |
In Front Of, Before |
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{Amphi} = |
Around, Both |
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{Apo/Ap/Aph} = |
Away From, Without |
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{Exo} = |
Outside |
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{Ous} = |
Forms An Adjective |
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{Path} = |
Feeling or Emotion |
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{Ba} = |
Go |
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{Tic} = |
Adjective |
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{Drom} = |
Run or Swim |
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{Meter} = |
Measure |
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{Scope} = |
Look or See |
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{Therm} = |
Heat |
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{Top} = |
Place |
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{Hydr} = |
Water |
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{Esthes/Aesthet} = |
Feeling or Sensation |
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{Derm} = |
Skin |
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{Hema/Em} = |
Blood |
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{The} = |
Put |
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{Chron/Chrono} = |
Time |
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{Kine/Cine} = |
Move |
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{Odont} = |
Tooth |
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{Chromat} = |
Color |
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{Phylac} = |
Guard, Protect |
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{Helion/Elion} = |
Sun |
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{Ge/Gee} = |
Earth |
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{Sis} = |
Noun |
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{Ist} = |
Person who. |
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{Ic} = |
Adjective |
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{Athlet} = |
Contest, Athlete |
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Aesthete (esthete) = |
Someone who has great feeling or sensation. Book talks about person who is sensitive to artistic matters. |
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Aesthetics (Esthetics) = |
Appreciation of artistic works or beauty |
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Amphibious = |
Can live in two different environments |
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Amphitheater |
A name we give to an oval building that looks as if two theatres have been joined together. |
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Analysis |
A breaking up of subject matter into smaller pieces for examination. |
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Analyst |
Someone who breaks up subject matter |
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Anemia |
Condition of being without blood. But what it really means is you have deficient platelets of hemoglobin. |
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Anesthesia |
Without feeling. Something you administer where you no longer have any reaction to sensation. |
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Anesthetist |
A person who administers Anesthesia |
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Anonymous |
Property of having no name |
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Antibiotic |
Property of being against life. Something you administer to kill bacteria. |
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Antipathy |
Having feelings against someone/something. |
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Antonym |
Opposite meaning |
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Apathy |
Condition of being without emotion |
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Apostate |
Standing apart from the accepted practice. |
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Athletic |
Property of being an athlete, or someone who competes |
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Athletics |
Same thing as athletic except with an S |
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Chronometer |
Device that measures time |
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Cinema |
A place you go to watch movement, or movies. Describes pictures that seem to move. |
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Comic |
Property of being funny |
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Diachronic |
Through time. To study something down through the years, noting the changes that have taken place. |
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Diameter |
Measurement of distance through circle. |
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Diathermy |
Process of heat going through. The book gives the example of heat going through body tissue. |
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Ectopic |
Out of place |
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Entopic |
In place |
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Epidermis |
Outer layer of skin |
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Epilogue |
Above word |
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Eponymous |
Property of putting name upon. Example in book is putting name upon a city - Romulus to Rome |
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Exodus |
From (Out of). For example the Jews leaving Egypt. |
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Exoskeleton |
A supporting framework *outside* the body. |
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Hyperacidity |
Too much acid |
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Hyperesthesia |
Excessive feeling/sensitivity |
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Hyperthermia |
Too much heat |
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Hypoacidity |
Too little acid |
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Hypodermic |
Beneath the skin |
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Hypoesthesia |
Too little feeling/sensitivity |
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Hypothermia |
Too little heat |
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Kinesics |
Study of movements of the body. |
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Metabolism |
Changing go |
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Metamorphosis |
Change in form. |
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Metonymy |
A word used in place of another. |
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Palindrome |
Sentences that read the same backwards as they do foward. |
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Palinode |
An ode that is written taking back some angry things you said in a previous ode. |
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Parallel |
Two lines that extend in the same direction and are always the same distance apart, but never meet |
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Paramedic |
Performs medical tasks under direction of qualified medical doctors. |
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Parapsychology |
Study of abnormal phenomena like mental telepathy. |
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Perimeter |
Measurement around. |
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Periodontist |
A specialist in the area surrounding the tooth (bone and tissue). |
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Periscope |
An instrument in which you can look around. |
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Prognosis |
A prediction or forecast. |
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Prologue |
Before the word. An introduction to a play. |
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Prophylactic |
Property of guarding before, such as prophylactic measures for dentistry. |
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Sympathy |
Same feeling. Sharing feelings with someone else. |
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Synchronic |
At the same time. To study something as it exists @ a given time. |
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Synchronize |
To set something @ the same time |
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Synonym |
Same meaning |
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Synonymous |
Property of being a similar word |
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Synthesis |
The act of putting things together. |
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Anabatic |
Property of going up. For example winds can go up. |
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Anabiosis |
Back to life. Insects that undergo certain conditions go into suspended animation & then come back to life. |
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Anabolism |
Building up. For example, building up the body by making constructive changes. |
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Anadromous |
Property of going up. For example fish that swim upstream to spawn. |
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Anhydrous |
Without water. A crystal can have *no* water in it. |
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Apanthropia |
Condition of wishing to live apart from mankind. |
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Aphelion |
Away from the sun |
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Apogee |
When a planet is as far away from something as possible |
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Catabatic |
Property of going down. For example a fever |
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Catabolism |
Tearing down. For example, tearing down the body. |
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Catadromous |
Property of going down. For example, fish that go downstream. |
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Diadromous |
Property of running/swimming through/between. For example diadromous fish go between salt & fresh water. |
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Endermic |
Within skin. For example, medicine can be rubbed and absorbed by the skin. |
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Enhydrous |
Water within. For example, a crystal that has water in it. |
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Epigene |
Describes rocks formed on or near Earth's surface. |
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Esthesia |
Feeling |
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Exobiology |
Science that investigates the possibility of life outside of Earth. |
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Exodontist |
Someone who specializes in tooth extraction. |
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Hyperkinesia |
Abnormally increased bodily movements |
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Hypogene |
Rocks formed under the surface of the earth |
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Hypokinesia |
Abnormally decreased bodily movement |
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Metachromatism |
Changing color. For example, some objects change color when they change temperature. |
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Palingenesis |
Act of being born again. |
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Perigee |
As near earth as possible. |
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Perihelion |
Near the sun. |
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{Y} = |
Noun |
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Bowdlerizing |
Thomas Bowdler edited a heavily censored version of Shakespeare. |
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Boycott |
Captain C. C. Boycott was on the other side of the question of land reform from his neighbors in Ireland in 1880. They refused to have any dealings with him. |
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Macadam |
John McAdam was a Scots engineer who invented a type of road surface where small stones are bound together with something like tar. |
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Maverick |
Samuel Maverick was a Texas rancher who did not bother to brand his cattle. |
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Guillotin |
J. I. Guillotin was a French physician who lived during the French Revolution; he proposed the use of a machine that would execute prisoners more humanely |
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Pyrrhic |
Pyrrhus was King of Epirus in Greece. He invaded Italy and fought two successful battles against the Romans but suffered heavy losses. |
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Valentine |
St. Valentine was supposed to be a saint who died in the third century A.D. His name is connected with lovers and sweethearts |
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Sideburns |
Ambrose Burnside was a general for the Union in the War Between the States |
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Nicotine |
Jean Nicot, French ambassador to Portugal in 1560, imported a drug from the New World. |
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Bobbies |
Sir Robert Peel reorganized the police force in Great Britain. |
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Parameter/Perimeter |
Grand & showy substitute for "boundary, limit, framework, or condition", versus a measure around something. |
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Stanza/Verse |
A group of four or more verses (from Latin meaning a place where one stops)/A verse is where one turns to the beginning of the next line from Latin {vers} = turn |
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Statue/Statute |
Thing made of stone versus Law |
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Terra firma |
Solid land |
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Rara avis |
Strange bird |
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Anno domini |
In the year of the birth of our Lord |
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Vade mecum |
Something carried by someone for constant use - "Go with me" |
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Sui generis |
Unique |
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{Psych(o)} + {Iatr(o)} = |
(=Doctor) + {ia} |
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{neur(o)} = |
Nerve |
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{scler(o)} = |
Hardening |
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{necr(o)} = |
Corpse |
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{Somat/Soma/Some} = |
Body |
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Animus |
Conscious, emotional mind |
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Magnanimous |
Big-minded |
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Pusillanimous |
Small-minded |
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Equanimity |
Level-mindedness |
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{Hyster} = |
Womb |
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{Luna} = |
Moon |
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{Schizo} = |
Split |
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{Phren} = |
Mind, diaphragm |
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{Ment} = |
Mind |
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{Via} = |
Path, road, journey |
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Oedipus |
The guy who would kill his father & marry his mother despite everything...! |
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Oedipus Complex |
Theory of male psychological development postulating that a male child's mother is the original focus of his erotic desire while the child's father becomes a hated & feared rival. Resolves this conflict by identifying with and internalizing the father's inhibitions on the child's erotic urges. |
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Id, Ego, Supergo |
It (source of raw erotic desire), I (sense of self), inhibitions that arise from internalizing inhibitions represented by father |
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Narcissm |
A young handsome man who scorned those that loved him & the Gods punished him by making him fall in love with his own reflection in a pool. He could not leave the reflection and slowly died. |
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Plutocracy vs Kleptocracy |
Rule by the wealthy vs Rule by thieves |
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{Aev/Ev} = |
Age |
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Primeval |
Coming from the first age of the world |
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Genesis |
Birth, Come to Be |
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{Firm} = |
Steady, Stable |
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Postlapsarian |
Life after The Fall, aka Life after Eden |
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{Laps} = |
Fall, slip |
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Prelapsarian |
Before the fall |
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Antediluvian |
Before the flood |
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{Di} = |
Away |
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{Lu/Luv/Lut/Lav} = |
Wash |
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Alluvium |
Soil that has been washed *towards* a place. We're living on alluvium in this valley here. |
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{Gon(o)} = |
Seed, Sexual Generation |
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Cosmogony |
Coming into being of the cosmos |
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Chaos/Chaotic |
Originally meant Chasm (opening or gap) & now means confusing mixture |
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{Ge(o)} = |
Comes from Earth, poetic variant "Gaiea" came from this |
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{Org(o)/Erg(o)} = |
Work. Think of the word "George" which means Earth Worker. |
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Titanic |
Something awesome & powerful like the Titans |
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Adamant |
May have meant "steel" but eventually became "diamond". Also gives us the meaning unyielding and inflexible. |
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Acropolis |
High City |
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Acrobat |
High Walker |
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Acrophobia |
Fear of Heights |
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Acronym |
High points of a word |
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Oligarchy |
Rule by a few |
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Abduct |
To lead, to carry off, to kidnap |
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Alias |
"At other times" Latin |
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Alibi |
"Elsewhere" Latin |
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Assault |
A leaping towards someone |
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Conspiracy |
To breathe together (Con + Spirare) |
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Culpable |
To blame; Blameworthy |
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Deterrent |
De (Away) + Terrere (To Frighten) |
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Extortion |
Ex (Out) + Torquere (To Twist) |
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Incarcerate |
In + Carcer (Prison) |
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Penitentiary |
People were to be put away until they repented; USA |
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Posthumous |
Comes from Latin word meaning Last; means after death |
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Annul |
Ad (to) + Nullus (Nothing) = To bring to nothing |
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Pro bono |
For the public good |
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Caveat Emptor |
Let the buyer beware |
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in loco parentis |
in the place of a parent |
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modus operandi |
Manner of working |
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per capita |
per head/per person |
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What does a root listed with a hypen mean? |
It can be added to the end of a word |
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What does a root variation listed with an equal sign mean? |
That the entry occurs @ the end of a word with the root variation. |
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When a root itself is preceded by an equal sign? |
It can occur alone or @ the end of a word |
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When an entry is listed with a hyphen before it? |
It can be added on to the end of a word |
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A combining vowel with a hyphen before it? |
This can get added to the root to create words |
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Be able to transliterate all of the Greek words on Worksheet 5 |
Do it! |
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{Ab/Abs} = |
From |
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{Ad/Ac/Af/Ag/Al/An/Ap/As/At} = |
To, Toward, Forward |
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{Ex/Ef/E} = |
Out |
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{In/Im} = |
In, Into |
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{Duce/Duct} = |
Lead, Take |
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{Err} = |
Wander |
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{Hes/Here} = |
Stick |
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{It} = |
Go |
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{Ject} = |
Throw |
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{Tract} = |
Draw, Pull |
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{Ed} = |
Forms past tense |
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{Ive} = |
Adjective |
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Adduce |
Brought forward |
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{Tain} = |
Hold |
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{Bibe} = |
Drink |
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{Fus} = |
Pour, gush |
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{Viscer} = |
Intestines |
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{Mit/Miss} = |
Send, Let Go |
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{Apt} = |
Fit, Fasten |
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{Similat} = |
Like |
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{Ced/Cede/Ceed/Cess} = |
Go, Come |
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{Flu} = |
Flow |
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{Gress} = |
Step, Move |
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{Loc} = |
Place |
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{Nounce} = |
Proclaim |
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{Petit} = |
Seek, Desire |
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{Sume} = |
Take |
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{Di/Dis} = |
Away, Away From |
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{Pro} = |
Forward |
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{Re} = |
Back, Backwards, Again |
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{Trans} = |
Across |
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Ingress/Egress |
Enter/Exit |
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{Ante} = |
Before |
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{Con/Com/Col/Co} = |
Together with (or, it intensifies) |
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{Inter} = |
Between |
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{Pre} = |
Before |
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{Pro} = |
Forward |
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{Se} = |
Away, Apart |
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{Mens} = |
Table |
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{Labor} = |
Work |
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{Pose/Pone/Posit} = |
Put, Place |
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{Linqu} = |
Leave |
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Relinquish, Dedicate both have empty morphemes |
Yep! |
|
{Rupt} = |
Break |
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Live Morphemes |
Ante, Anti, Pro, Non |
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{Cure} = |
Care |
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{Circum} = |
Around |
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{De} = |
Down |
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{Dis/Dif} = |
Apart |
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{Ob/Of} = |
Toward, Against |
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{Sub/Suf/Sup} = |
Under |
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{Fer} = |
Carry |
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{Post} = |
After (of time), Behind (of place) |
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{Super} = |
Above |
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{Extra} = |
Without, Outside |
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{Intra} = |
Within |
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{Intro} = |
Into, Inward |
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{Retro} = |
Back |
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{Non} = |
Does Not |
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{Infra} = |
Below |
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{Per} = |
Through |
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{Preter} = |
Beyond, More Than |
|
{Ultra} = |
Beyond |
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{Ambula} = |
Walk |