• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/322

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

322 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Why do grammarians consider "Between you and me" to be correct?

Because between is a preposition, and prepositions, in answering the question "When" or "Where", have an added rule that anything after them must be an object. So we use me, not I. More generally, we're avoiding a hypercorrection here.

History & Story

Both come from Greek Historia, meaning "To Inquire". Story can also refer to the level of a building, and the reason that meaning came about is because there used to be a different "story" painted on every level of a cathedral.

Difference between annals, chronicles, and history

Annal type of historical writing that go year by year.


Histories are an analysis that follows one path come back to another and go place to place.


A chronicle is an historical account of facts and events ranged in chronological order, as in a time line. Equal weight is given to historically important events & local events.

Rich as Croesus

This was a Lydian (Greek) King that was so rich, he would tell his visitors to take as much gold from his treasure room that they could carry on their body.

Sword of Damocles

So Damocles was a guy who was jealous of King Dionysus II, who was a 4th Century BCE tyrant. Dionysus said "Okay, go ahead and sit on my throne." Turns out a sword was strung above him hanging by a thread while he was sitting there, and Damocles thought, "With power and fortune comes so much danger and responsibility."

Marathon

Site of great Athenian victory against invading Persians. This guy ran 26 miles to Athens to tell them they won, because everyone was worried that surviving Persian ships would go lie & say they won instead.

Laconic

Brief, pithy, concise. Spartans were considered to be laconic.

Spartan

Rigorously self-disciplines; austere & frugal

Draconian

Extremely severe. Comes from Draco the Athenian law giver who was just a truly harsh guy.

Academy

Where the great phiosopher Plato taught. Means "a school or learned society"

Democracy vs Republic vs Empire

Rule by People (demos) (Latin populus)


Rule by Elected Leaders (Business)


Rule by Central Authority or Oligarchy (this is what Romans eventually had after they were done with the republic

Vow vs Vote

Both come from Latin Votum. Vote came from Latin purely, & Vow went through French so stuff got mangled and we ended up with vow also.

Circumstances that Latin & Greek combining vowels drop out

When a prefix that ends w/ a vowel is put before a word that begins with a vowel the prefix typically loses its last vowel. Ana & Odos becomes Anodos, which becomes English Anode. Meta & Odos becomes Methodos, which becomes English Method. Kata & Odos becomes Kathodos, which becomes English Cathode.

Connecting Vowel for Latin/Greek

I & O

When do the Combining Vowels Drop Out or Stay?

Connecting vowels are left out when the second part begins with an h or a vowel.

Additional Allomorphs: Anti/Ant/Blank, Epi/Ep/Blank, Ana/Blank, Cata/Cat/Blank, Dia/Blank, Hypo/Hyp/Blank

Anth, Eph, An, Cath, Di, Hyph

Dates & Outcome of Persian Wars & Peloponnesian War

Persian Wars: 490, 480 BCE, Greeks won.


Peloponnesian War: 431-404 BCE, Spartans won.

Anthropology

Anthropos - Human Being, Greek. Logy = Study of.

Sociology

Study of society or groups of people. Comes from Latin socius, or companion.

Economics

Study of production, development, & distribution of material resources. Means "Household Management". But it's household management written large.

Greek Economic Theories: Plato vs. Aristotle

Plato: Communism, coming from communis or "common"


Aristotle: "What is common to most people is cared for least. People think most of their own things and least of what is shared." Opposed monopolies & acquisition of money for its own sake though.

Roman Practice


Know Agriculture & Aqueducts

Agriculture & Farm Management - Agri (Land) & Cultura (Cultivation)


Went from family farms to huge estates (which we call *Latifundia* - farmers are squeezed out of their land & moved into cities).


Romans often fought over land, & thus loved to survey their properties & would bring their cases to court.


Romans were brilliant engineers who created ways of managing the grain supply.


Brought in their water via Aqueducts (Water-Conducting - or a drawing off of water).


Numismatics

Study of coins. Lawful money = Nomisma

Know Solid, Soldier, & Mercenary

Solidus was an adjective that meant "solid, real, enduring". Created the noun "solidus" which meant a coin. Mercenary comes from mercennarius, meaning "wages or price". Means a soldier who works for pay.

Know Fiscal & Finance

Fiscal comes from Latin Fiscus meaning "purse" or "money basket".


Finance comes from Latin Finis or "end"

Money

Long Version: Famous temple in Rome, temple of Junomenata, became a mint where coins were made.
But money, also comes from that epithet...
Because monata takes a slightly different route through the Ofr, and comes out as middle English as ... money.



Short Version: From Latin Monetarious meaning pertaining to the Mint. Mint meant coin, and Mint came from Latin Moneta

I/Me ordered the spinach salad.

I

John and I/me ordered the spinach salad.

I

Mary saw I/me at the beach.

Me

Mary saw Bill and I/me at the beach.

Me

Tom came to the party with she/her

Her

Tom came to the party with Mary and she/her

Her.

I am going to have to have a discussion with they/them.

Them

You and I/me are going to have to have a discussion with Ted and they/them.

I, Them.

We/Us wil lbe sitting between Ted and they/them.

We, them.

John and she/her will be sitting between Ted and we/us.

She, us.

John and we/us will complete the task with they/them.

We, them.

With who/whom will you and she/her study with?

Whom, she.

That is the man who/whom stole the money.

Who

We don't know who/whom Mary brought to the movie.

Whom

I have no idea who/whom did that.

Who

John and he/him talked with the man who/whom they saw at the store.

He, whom.

The man, who/whom John and her/she liked, was forty years old.

Whom, she

We, who/whom never did you any harm, don't deserve this.

Who

Ask not for who/whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee.

Whom

We got tickets for whoever/whomever wants to come.

Whoever

{A/An} =

Without, Not

{Anti/Ant} =

Against, Opposite

{Epi/Ep} =

Upon

{Syn/Sym} =

With, Same, Together

{Ana} =

Up, Back, Again

{Cata} =

Down

{Dia} =

Through, Between

{Peri} =

Around, Near

{Ec/Ex} =

Out

{En/Em} =

In, Within

{Hyper} =

Above, Excessive, Too Much

{Hypo} =

Under, Too Little

{Meta/Met} =

After, Among, Changing

{Palin/Pali} =

Back, Again

{Para/Par} =

Side By Side, Abnormal, Subordinate

{Pro} =

In Front Of, Before

{Amphi} =

Around, Both

{Apo/Ap/Aph} =

Away From, Without

{Exo} =

Outside

{Ous} =

Forms An Adjective

{Path} =

Feeling or Emotion

{Ba} =

Go

{Tic} =

Adjective

{Drom} =

Run or Swim

{Meter} =

Measure

{Scope} =

Look or See

{Therm} =

Heat

{Top} =

Place

{Hydr} =

Water

{Esthes/Aesthet} =

Feeling or Sensation

{Derm} =

Skin

{Hema/Em} =

Blood

{The} =

Put

{Chron/Chrono} =

Time

{Kine/Cine} =

Move

{Odont} =

Tooth

{Chromat} =

Color

{Phylac} =

Guard, Protect

{Helion/Elion} =

Sun

{Ge/Gee} =

Earth

{Sis} =

Noun

{Ist} =

Person who.

{Ic} =

Adjective

{Athlet} =

Contest, Athlete

Aesthete (esthete) =

Someone who has great feeling or sensation. Book talks about person who is sensitive to artistic matters.

Aesthetics (Esthetics) =

Appreciation of artistic works or beauty

Amphibious =

Can live in two different environments

Amphitheater

A name we give to an oval building that looks as if two theatres have been joined together.

Analysis

A breaking up of subject matter into smaller pieces for examination.

Analyst

Someone who breaks up subject matter

Anemia

Condition of being without blood. But what it really means is you have deficient platelets of hemoglobin.

Anesthesia

Without feeling. Something you administer where you no longer have any reaction to sensation.

Anesthetist

A person who administers Anesthesia

Anonymous

Property of having no name

Antibiotic

Property of being against life. Something you administer to kill bacteria.

Antipathy

Having feelings against someone/something.

Antonym

Opposite meaning

Apathy

Condition of being without emotion

Apostate

Standing apart from the accepted practice.

Athletic

Property of being an athlete, or someone who competes

Athletics

Same thing as athletic except with an S

Chronometer

Device that measures time

Cinema

A place you go to watch movement, or movies. Describes pictures that seem to move.

Comic

Property of being funny

Diachronic

Through time. To study something down through the years, noting the changes that have taken place.

Diameter

Measurement of distance through circle.

Diathermy

Process of heat going through. The book gives the example of heat going through body tissue.

Ectopic

Out of place

Entopic

In place

Epidermis

Outer layer of skin

Epilogue

Above word

Eponymous

Property of putting name upon. Example in book is putting name upon a city - Romulus to Rome

Exodus

From (Out of). For example the Jews leaving Egypt.

Exoskeleton

A supporting framework *outside* the body.

Hyperacidity

Too much acid

Hyperesthesia

Excessive feeling/sensitivity

Hyperthermia

Too much heat

Hypoacidity

Too little acid

Hypodermic

Beneath the skin

Hypoesthesia

Too little feeling/sensitivity

Hypothermia

Too little heat

Kinesics

Study of movements of the body.

Metabolism

Changing go

Metamorphosis

Change in form.

Metonymy

A word used in place of another.

Palindrome

Sentences that read the same backwards as they do foward.

Palinode

An ode that is written taking back some angry things you said in a previous ode.

Parallel

Two lines that extend in the same direction and are always the same distance apart, but never meet

Paramedic

Performs medical tasks under direction of qualified medical doctors.

Parapsychology

Study of abnormal phenomena like mental telepathy.

Perimeter

Measurement around.

Periodontist

A specialist in the area surrounding the tooth (bone and tissue).

Periscope

An instrument in which you can look around.

Prognosis

A prediction or forecast.

Prologue

Before the word. An introduction to a play.

Prophylactic

Property of guarding before, such as prophylactic measures for dentistry.

Sympathy

Same feeling. Sharing feelings with someone else.

Synchronic

At the same time. To study something as it exists @ a given time.

Synchronize

To set something @ the same time

Synonym

Same meaning

Synonymous

Property of being a similar word

Synthesis

The act of putting things together.

Anabatic

Property of going up. For example winds can go up.

Anabiosis

Back to life. Insects that undergo certain conditions go into suspended animation & then come back to life.

Anabolism

Building up. For example, building up the body by making constructive changes.

Anadromous

Property of going up. For example fish that swim upstream to spawn.

Anhydrous

Without water. A crystal can have *no* water in it.

Apanthropia

Condition of wishing to live apart from mankind.

Aphelion

Away from the sun

Apogee

When a planet is as far away from something as possible

Catabatic

Property of going down. For example a fever

Catabolism

Tearing down. For example, tearing down the body.

Catadromous

Property of going down. For example, fish that go downstream.

Diadromous

Property of running/swimming through/between. For example diadromous fish go between salt & fresh water.

Endermic

Within skin. For example, medicine can be rubbed and absorbed by the skin.

Enhydrous

Water within. For example, a crystal that has water in it.

Epigene

Describes rocks formed on or near Earth's surface.

Esthesia

Feeling

Exobiology

Science that investigates the possibility of life outside of Earth.

Exodontist

Someone who specializes in tooth extraction.

Hyperkinesia

Abnormally increased bodily movements

Hypogene

Rocks formed under the surface of the earth

Hypokinesia

Abnormally decreased bodily movement

Metachromatism

Changing color. For example, some objects change color when they change temperature.

Palingenesis

Act of being born again.

Perigee

As near earth as possible.

Perihelion

Near the sun.

{Y} =

Noun

Bowdlerizing

Thomas Bowdler edited a heavily censored version of Shakespeare.

Boycott

Captain C. C. Boycott was on the other side of the question of land reform from his neighbors in Ireland in 1880. They refused to have any dealings with him.

Macadam

John McAdam was a Scots engineer who invented a type of road surface where small stones are bound together with something like tar.

Maverick

Samuel Maverick was a Texas rancher who did not bother to brand his cattle.

Guillotin

J. I. Guillotin was a French physician who lived during the French Revolution; he proposed the use of a machine that would execute prisoners more humanely

Pyrrhic

Pyrrhus was King of Epirus in Greece. He invaded Italy and fought two successful battles against the Romans but suffered heavy losses.

Valentine

St. Valentine was supposed to be a saint who died in the third century A.D. His name is connected with lovers and sweethearts

Sideburns

Ambrose Burnside was a general for the Union in the War Between the States

Nicotine

Jean Nicot, French ambassador to Portugal in 1560, imported a drug from the New World.

Bobbies

Sir Robert Peel reorganized the police force in Great Britain.

Parameter/Perimeter

Grand & showy substitute for "boundary, limit, framework, or condition", versus a measure around something.

Stanza/Verse

A group of four or more verses (from Latin meaning a place where one stops)/A verse is where one turns to the beginning of the next line from Latin {vers} = turn

Statue/Statute

Thing made of stone versus Law

Terra firma

Solid land

Rara avis

Strange bird

Anno domini

In the year of the birth of our Lord

Vade mecum

Something carried by someone for constant use - "Go with me"

Sui generis

Unique

{Psych(o)} + {Iatr(o)} =

(=Doctor) + {ia}

{neur(o)} =

Nerve

{scler(o)} =

Hardening

{necr(o)} =

Corpse

{Somat/Soma/Some} =

Body

Animus

Conscious, emotional mind

Magnanimous

Big-minded

Pusillanimous

Small-minded

Equanimity

Level-mindedness

{Hyster} =

Womb

{Luna} =

Moon

{Schizo} =

Split

{Phren} =

Mind, diaphragm

{Ment} =

Mind

{Via} =

Path, road, journey

Oedipus

The guy who would kill his father & marry his mother despite everything...!

Oedipus Complex

Theory of male psychological development postulating that a male child's mother is the original focus of his erotic desire while the child's father becomes a hated & feared rival. Resolves this conflict by identifying with and internalizing the father's inhibitions on the child's erotic urges.

Id, Ego, Supergo

It (source of raw erotic desire), I (sense of self), inhibitions that arise from internalizing inhibitions represented by father

Narcissm

A young handsome man who scorned those that loved him & the Gods punished him by making him fall in love with his own reflection in a pool. He could not leave the reflection and slowly died.

Plutocracy vs Kleptocracy

Rule by the wealthy vs Rule by thieves

{Aev/Ev} =

Age

Primeval

Coming from the first age of the world

Genesis

Birth, Come to Be

{Firm} =

Steady, Stable

Postlapsarian

Life after The Fall, aka Life after Eden

{Laps} =

Fall, slip

Prelapsarian

Before the fall

Antediluvian

Before the flood

{Di} =

Away

{Lu/Luv/Lut/Lav} =

Wash

Alluvium

Soil that has been washed *towards* a place. We're living on alluvium in this valley here.

{Gon(o)} =

Seed, Sexual Generation

Cosmogony

Coming into being of the cosmos

Chaos/Chaotic

Originally meant Chasm (opening or gap) & now means confusing mixture

{Ge(o)} =

Comes from Earth, poetic variant "Gaiea" came from this

{Org(o)/Erg(o)} =

Work. Think of the word "George" which means Earth Worker.

Titanic

Something awesome & powerful like the Titans

Adamant

May have meant "steel" but eventually became "diamond". Also gives us the meaning unyielding and inflexible.

Acropolis

High City

Acrobat

High Walker

Acrophobia

Fear of Heights

Acronym

High points of a word

Oligarchy

Rule by a few

Abduct

To lead, to carry off, to kidnap

Alias

"At other times" Latin

Alibi

"Elsewhere" Latin

Assault

A leaping towards someone

Conspiracy

To breathe together (Con + Spirare)

Culpable

To blame; Blameworthy

Deterrent

De (Away) + Terrere (To Frighten)

Extortion

Ex (Out) + Torquere (To Twist)

Incarcerate

In + Carcer (Prison)

Penitentiary

People were to be put away until they repented; USA

Posthumous

Comes from Latin word meaning Last; means after death

Annul

Ad (to) + Nullus (Nothing) = To bring to nothing

Pro bono

For the public good

Caveat Emptor

Let the buyer beware

in loco parentis

in the place of a parent

modus operandi

Manner of working

per capita

per head/per person

What does a root listed with a hypen mean?

It can be added to the end of a word

What does a root variation listed with an equal sign mean?

That the entry occurs @ the end of a word with the root variation.

When a root itself is preceded by an equal sign?

It can occur alone or @ the end of a word

When an entry is listed with a hyphen before it?

It can be added on to the end of a word

A combining vowel with a hyphen before it?

This can get added to the root to create words

Be able to transliterate all of the Greek words on Worksheet 5

Do it!

{Ab/Abs} =

From

{Ad/Ac/Af/Ag/Al/An/Ap/As/At} =

To, Toward, Forward

{Ex/Ef/E} =

Out

{In/Im} =

In, Into

{Duce/Duct} =

Lead, Take

{Err} =

Wander

{Hes/Here} =

Stick

{It} =

Go

{Ject} =

Throw

{Tract} =

Draw, Pull

{Ed} =

Forms past tense

{Ive} =

Adjective

Adduce

Brought forward

{Tain} =

Hold

{Bibe} =

Drink

{Fus} =

Pour, gush

{Viscer} =

Intestines

{Mit/Miss} =

Send, Let Go

{Apt} =

Fit, Fasten

{Similat} =

Like

{Ced/Cede/Ceed/Cess} =

Go, Come

{Flu} =

Flow

{Gress} =

Step, Move

{Loc} =

Place

{Nounce} =

Proclaim

{Petit} =

Seek, Desire

{Sume} =

Take

{Di/Dis} =

Away, Away From

{Pro} =

Forward

{Re} =

Back, Backwards, Again

{Trans} =

Across

Ingress/Egress

Enter/Exit

{Ante} =

Before

{Con/Com/Col/Co} =

Together with (or, it intensifies)

{Inter} =

Between

{Pre} =

Before

{Pro} =

Forward

{Se} =

Away, Apart

{Mens} =

Table

{Labor} =

Work

{Pose/Pone/Posit} =

Put, Place

{Linqu} =

Leave

Relinquish, Dedicate both have empty morphemes

Yep!

{Rupt} =

Break

Live Morphemes

Ante, Anti, Pro, Non

{Cure} =

Care

{Circum} =

Around

{De} =

Down

{Dis/Dif} =

Apart

{Ob/Of} =

Toward, Against

{Sub/Suf/Sup} =

Under

{Fer} =

Carry

{Post} =

After (of time), Behind (of place)

{Super} =

Above

{Extra} =

Without, Outside

{Intra} =

Within

{Intro} =

Into, Inward

{Retro} =

Back

{Non} =

Does Not

{Infra} =

Below

{Per} =

Through

{Preter} =

Beyond, More Than

{Ultra} =

Beyond

{Ambula} =

Walk