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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hinduism isn't a religion it's a... |
way of life |
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Founder |
No founder |
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originated in... |
500 BC aka 3,500 yrs ago |
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The ________ assimilated the _______ when they conquered them and their 2 religions mixed. In the ______ valley |
The Aryans assimilated the Davidians in Indus valley |
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Attributes of Hinduism (3) |
- Tolerant - Not competitive - God has a plan for you |
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Old names of Hinduism; original name and dates |
"Dhrama" (original)
6th century > Hindus (geographical term)
18th - 19th century> Hindu Renaissance |
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Hindus identify as... |
ALL kinds
-monism monotheist polytheist monolatrist even athiest |
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monism |
everything goes back to the same source |
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The Big 3 Gods |
Brahma: "Absolute God" Vishnu: avatar guy Shiva: "Energy of Ultimate" |
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Brahma vs. Brahman vs. Brahmin |
Brahman: "Ultimate God" / all pervasive force that controls the universe; absorbed back into in nirvana
Brahma: "Absolute God"; creator of the world
Brahmin: highest caste |
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Brahma - known for - role in lay lives - depiction |
Word's creator Inactive 4 heads, 4 arms, beard, come out of lotus |
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Origin of the Big 3? |
Shiva > came out of Vishnu's hair Brahma > came out of Vishnu's navel |
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Vishnu - avatars - function - nature of character |
Has 10 avatars; 9 have already happened
Created the Universe and preserves God's creations
Benevolent to lay and popular
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Famous Vishnu reincarnations |
Krishna (savior being; love and compassion)
Rama |
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Shiva - name - role - depiction |
"Energy of Ultimate" - Role is to destroy and create universe
4 arms, flame circle, dancing on ignorance, bull |
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Shakti - good vs bad |
Wives of Vishnu
Good: Parvati Uma
Bad: Kali Durga |
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2 fold purpose of life |
1. Overcome maya
2. Obtain moksha
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maya |
illusion; must overcome it in the 2 fold purpose of life |
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smadhi |
enlightenment; found when you overcome maya in the 2 fold purpose of life |
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moksha |
the state of being when one breaks the cycle; must be obtained in the 2 fold purpose of life |
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end goal of life |
gain smadhi (enlightenment) and obtain nirvana by being reabsorbed into Brahman |
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smadhi vs nirvana |
smadhi > enlightenment from when you overcome moksha
nirvana > becoming one with Brahman and being reabsorbed into universe |
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How do you get to heaven? |
many paths, just find your drahma (calling) |
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Karma |
BAD!!! Don't want it! There is no good karma; your actions either burn it off or ad to it |
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Caste system and order; highest to lowest |
Brahmin
Kshatriyans
Vaisyas
Sudras
Untouchables
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Ghandi caste name thing |
Named the untouchables the "Harijans", meaning the children of God |
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3 ways to break cycle |
1. Good works
2. Knowledge or Jyana
3. devotion or Bhakti |
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Which ways to break the cycle pertain to intellectual, worshiping a god, and social causes? |
Good works / remitting Karma > social cause
Knowledge or jyana > intellectual
Devotion to a God or bhakti > praying |
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Describe canon |
Shruti
Smriti > contains Bhagavad Gita |
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Shruti - etymology - use |
Canonical writings
Shruti means "heard" or "revealed"
used by priests in temple |
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Smriti - etymology - contains? |
popular scriptural writing
- means "remember"
- most popular book > Bhagavad Gita
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4 stages of life |
1. Student: study from guru 2. Householder: have children 3. Seeker: hermit trying to become enlightened 4. Ascetic: enlightened Holy man
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What stage do most people never go past? |
Householder |
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Difference between Seeker and Ascetic stages of life? |
Seeker: hermit trying to find smadhi
Ascetic: already found smadhi |
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Puja |
"to worship"; liturgical stuff |
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Puja aspects: - sabbath - group worship - chanting - prusad - offerings - ritual washing - sacred clothing - buildings |
- sabbath: every day is the sabbath - group worship: side by side but worshiping personally - chanting: chant mantra - prusad: sacrament offered at home - offerings: to shrines to specific gods - ritual washing: ganges! One with life - sacred clothing: none. - buildings: temples to specific god but can worship any god you want inside |
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Prayer |
use mantra: "AUM"
3 letters = trinity (Brahma, Shiva, Vishnu) |
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Rites of passage |
Birth - infant welcoming ritual (baby eats solid food; choose toy to predict future)
Marriage (arranged)
Funeral (cremation |
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Dying? |
chant mantra
chakra (tunnel) opens up that takes you to next life
next life depends on emotion you had while dying and karma |
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Brahmins |
practicing priests; perform ceremonies but don't have congregational authority
vegetarians and avoid intoxicantions |
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Women |
women have more karma
gender isn't a divine trait |
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tikka/tilak |
mark on body for religious purposes
- bindi: dot in the middle of forehead symbolizing 3rd eye; Shakti worshipers
vishnu worshipers: 3 horizontal lines |
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size of hinduism |
800 - 900 million |
