Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Gender |
- A social construction - Refers also to behaviours, activities and attributes that a given society considers appropriate |
|
|
Intersectionality |
- the study of intersections between forms or systems of oppression, domination or discrimination - We are defined by class, nationality and sexual desires - These definitions can give us a leg up or push us down |
|
|
Heteronormative patriarchy |
- Not just male dominated or masculinist rule but also the enforcement of heterosexual norms to achieve that end |
|
|
Essentialism |
- The assumption that, for example, all women or all men or all individuals within a certain race or class share the same experiences and interests |
|
|
Universalism |
- Universal prescriptions - Refers to the notion that human rights are universal and should apply to every human being |
|
|
Cultural relativism |
- the principle that an individual human's beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual's own culture - applying the social rules and constructs of one culture to another (as if the former is the "normal culture") |
|
|
Ethnocentrism |
- judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture - a tendency to view alien groups or culture from the perspective of one's own - *Cultural relativism was in part a response to Western ethnocentrism |
|
|
Heteronormativity |
- the assumption that everyone is heterosexual |
|
|
Homonormativity |
- still enforces heterosexual values such as one person being in the male role and the other in the female role - the idea that to be gay in the world, one must behave "gay" |
|
|
Eurocentrism (or Accidentalism) |
- a political term coined in the 1980's referring to the notion of European exceptionalism, a worldview centered on Western civilization as it had developed during the height of the European colonial East empires since the Early Modern period - Europe: center, everywhere else: other |
|
|
Orientalism |
- imitation/depiction of aspects in Middle Eastern, South Asian and Eastern cultures - the west: rationally/technologically advanced vs. the east: lower status/underdeveloped - seeing Arab culture as exotic, backward, uncivilized and dangerous - basic distinction between East and West as the starting point for elaborate theories, social descriptions and political accounts concerning the orient, its people, customs, mind, destiny, etc. |
|
|
First World |
- Capitalist/industrial countries - More/less political economic interest - North America, Western Europe, Japan and Australia |
|
|
Second World |
- Communist-socialist/industrial states - Russia, Eastern Europe (ie. Poland), Turk States and China |
|
|
Third World |
- "developing countries" - Africa, Asia and Latin America - Also includes capitalist, communist, very rich and very poor |
|
|
Developed and Developing Countries/Emerging Economy |
- Each label has its problems - Rapidly growing and volatile economies of certain Asian and Latin American countries - Promise huge potential growth but also pose significant political, monetary and social risks |
|
|
Global North |
- Economically developed - Europe, North America, Australia, Israel, South Africa and other |
|
|
Global South |
- Economically backward - Lack well-developed domestic economies based on entrepreneurship and private enterprise - Africa, India, Brazil, Mexico |
|
|
The Glass Ceiling |
- the invisible barrier; the highest level point women get to success-wise - Prof. describes this more as a brick wall |
|
|
The Glass Cliff |
- women brought into the highest level of success for usage and once done they are no-longer needed |
|
|
The Labyrinth |
- a series of complexities, detours, dead ends and unusual paths on a woman's journey to success - includes gender discrimination, women's domestic responsibilities and sometimes women's own failure to believe in themselves - when women internalize oppressive stereotypes they typically hold themselves, rather than social structures, responsible for undesirable outcomes |
|
|
The "Underdog" Advantage |
- Failure to take female contenders seriously until late in the campaign can give them an advantage |
|
|
Global Governance |
- a constellation of global actors including states; inter-governmental organizations such as UN agencies, the world bank, the international monetary fund (IMF) and the world trade organization (WTO); regional governments such as the European Union and regional IGOs such as organizations of African, American and Asian states and free-trade regimes like NAFTA; and global market actors such as MNCs and transnational NGOs |
|
|
Legal Gender Quotas |
- quotas which are mandated in a country's constitution or by law, usually in the electoral law - legal quotas regulate the proceedings of all political parties in a country and may also prescribe sanctions in case of non-compliance |
|
|
Voluntary Party Quotas |
- Quotas which are voluntary decided by one or more political parties in a country - In such cases some political parties may have quotas while other parties reject them - OECD countries with social democratic or left-leaning parties - All countries such as Canada (all that are a part of the NCB); very socially democratic/left-leaning parties |
|
|
Electoral List |
- trying to introduce electoral list, there are to be gender parody - a grouping of candidates for election, usually in proportional election systems, but also in some plurality election systems |
|
|
Parity in executive positions in political parties |
- the goal of creating equality between men and women in executive positions in political parties - ie. in 1996, Costa Rica introduced legislative quotas in order to move towards parity in 2014 |
|
|
Women's Parties |
- political parties meant for women - Iceland, Sweden, Philippines, Afghanistan |
|
|
"Contagion" Effect |
- 111 countries had adopted some sort of gender quota by 2011 - something that is contagious, much fear during the cold war - we have to contend communism; if one country becomes communist then countries around that country will also become communist - if one country adopts 1 quota, countries around that country will adopt the same quota |
|
|
"Power Over" vs. "Power With" |
- "Power Over": competition/aggression - "Power With": interdependence/cooperation |
