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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ability as a Construct |
- Disability is constructed because we don't configure the world in a way that works for people with "disabilities" - We should be changing the environment to fit people, not outcasting people because they don't fit the environment - We reaffirm and/or resist these constructs every day |
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Constructions of ability en/able and/or dis/able |
Definitions/perceptions of ability dictate access, opportunity and equity |
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We ALL experience changes in ability |
Changes in ability are not limited to a select few "others"; no one is exceptional/exempt |
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Ability can be visible and/or invisible |
Constructions of ability include the physical body, the mind, emotions, etc. |
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Equality vs. Equity |
- Equality: equal input - unequal outcome - Equity: unequal input - equal outcome |
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Duelling Narratives - Disability |
- Handicapped vs. Handicapable - Passive victims, weak, deformed, sick, etc. vs. Strong, resilient, determined, "be yourself!" - Meryl Streep & Trump on Serge Kovaleski --- he shouldn't be mocked or pitied (seen as someone who Trump "out-ranks") - just treated human |
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Normal/Abnormal Dichotomy |
- 'Normal' is a product of language, performance and representation and that 'naturally-occurring' differences are often anything but - A culturally-produced fiction - "Normal" is the product of language, performance and representation - The freak show does not represent a naturally occurring/existing difference but invents it |
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Eugenics |
- "Well born" - Aiming to control reproduction to breed better, stronger, fitter race of people - "Positive" vs. "Negative" models |
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Disability Case Study: Julie Pastrana |
- Born in 1834, an indigenous woman in Mexico - Abandoned as a child - Exhibited in early 1850s - Married her soon-to-be manager in 1854 - Advertised as a hybrid ape/woman, "bear woman"; garnered international and professional attention through her intelligence and talents - Died i 1860, complications from giving birth |
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Enfreakment |
"... describes the process by which individual difference becomes stylized as cultural otherness" (Samuels 56) |
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Fitness as a feminist issue |
- The feminization of some fitness activities ("aerobics" or yoga) - Fitness as "body management" and body management as body-policing and surveillance --- Panopticon --- Body Shaming --- Guilt |
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Fitness - Equality and Empowerment |
- Gap between girls' and boys' engagement in physical activity begins in childhood - Gender disparity continues into adulthood - Differential funding for (and perceived value of) women's versus men's sports and athletics - Objectification of women in sport |
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Inclusion and exclusion in the fitness industry |
- It costs money to: use gyms, go to events, buy clothes, buy instruction, watch pro sports, participate in the style and culture - Class issue |
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Fitness and representation |
- Mostly young, non-disabled men - Then young, non-disabled women - Mostly white, though more racial diversity than age / ability diversity |
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Athletic vs. aesthetic values |
Can we make judgments about how fit someone is by how they look? |
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Obesity as an Epidemic |
- Presumes obesity is a disease - 'Contagious' nature of obesity - No 'objective' consensus on obesity's definition --- Morbidly obese |
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Adolphe Quetelet's "Average Man" |
“It may be imagined…how much importance Iattached to the consideration of limits, which tome seem of two kinds, ordinary or natural, andextraordinary or beyond the natural…When the deviations become greater, theyconstitute the extraordinary class, having itself itslimits, on the outer verge of which are thingspreternatural, or monstrositics. Thus, the menwho fall, in respect of height, outside of theordinary limits, are giants or dwarfs: and if theexcess or the deficiency of height surpasses theextraordinary limits, they may be regarded asmonstrosities.” (1835) |
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Sexual dimorphism |
- Anatomy, chromosomes, hormones - There are 2 ends of the sex spectrum and thereare differences between the two (phenotypic differences within the same species) |
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XY sex-determination system |
Is this the only system? In humans yes, in the animal kingdom no |
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Guevedoces & Machihembras (Dominican Republic) and Turnims (Papua New Guinea) |
appear to be completely female at birth and are brought up to be little girls but after puberty, they grow up to be males in society |
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Santos - Beyond Binarism? |
- Intersex people have always existed but only "two categories are recognized as being endowed with humanity" - "Normalizing" the body aesthetically through surgery and hormones |
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Candomblé - Background |
- Largest of the Afro-Brazilian religions - Trans-atlantic Slave Trade - West African and Angolan traditions - Indigenous and Catholic (Portuguese) influences - Decentralized religion - Orally-based religion - Ritually-based religion - Women in leadership positions |
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Candomblé - Olodumaré/Olorun |
- Supreme being of the universe - Distant/transcendent |
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Candomblé - Orixás (16 in Candomblé) |
- Immanent emissaries of Olodumaré - Forces of nature: air, fire, water, earth - Masculine and feminine spiritual energies - Sexual and gender fluidity - Individual likes and dislikes - Embodiment of axé |
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Candomblé - Axé |
- Energy or life force - In blood, bodily fluids, living beings and nature |
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Candomblé - Human beings, orixás, and axé |
- Each individual has own orixá - Importance of relationship with orixá - Reproduce axé for individual and communal purposes - Role of obligations - Role of ceremonies - Role of trance |
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Candomblé - Omolu |
Male orixá of pestilence; healing; birth; death |
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Candomblé - Members of Candomblé house |
- Priestess or priest --- Considered a matriarchal religion --- Most well known and renowned leaders are women - Initiates - Non-initiates |
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Candomblé - Clients of Candomblé |
- Seek the counsel of the priestess/priest - Participate in personal rituals (cleansing, altars, donations and divination) - Attend ceremonies |
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Candomblé - Gender and Sexuality: Brazilian sexual categories |
- Active/passive - Dar (to give) / receber (receive) - "Heterosexual" man/woman or man ("passive homosexual") - Gay men in Candomblé --- Religious power |
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Candomblé - Gender and Sexuality: Orixá/devotee model |
- Husband/wife - Rider/horse - Mounter/mountee |
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Candomblé - Gender and Sexuality: Orixás |
- Sexual and gender fluidity - Intersex |
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Candomblé - Gender and Sexuality: Gender Roles |
- Men: sacrifice and music - Women: caretakers - Separation between biology and sexual/gender identity - Gendered ceremonial garments - Implications for trans* practitioners and gender expression |
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Candomblé - Gender and Sexuality: Lesbian Women in Candomblé |
- Religious power - Religious affirmation - Community |
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Candomblé - Gender and Sexuality: Gay Men in Candomblé |
- Religious power - Religious affirmation - Community - Social affirmation - Sex (biological) affirmation |
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Candomblé - Ceremony |
- Initiation ceremony into Candomblé priesthood
- Ceremony occurred the spring of 2008 - Photographs and video clips |
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Religion - Varieties |
- Overgeneralization abound - Religious ideologies interact with other ideologies in all sorts of ways, producing a wide variety of configurations - Attitudes toward the body vary dramatically - Attitudes found in religious texts vary an often contradict - Attitudes of religious communities towards these texts also vary |
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Religion - Tattoos |
- Christianity, Judaisim --- "Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor print any marks upon you: I am the LORD" --- "One shall say, 'I am the Lord's' and another shall use the name of Jacob, and another shall mark his arm 'of the Lord' and adopt the name of Israel." - Buddhism - Hinduism - Islam --- "It was narrated that Abu Juhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 'The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) cursed the one who does tattoos and the one who has a tattoo done." |
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What is beauty? |
- Average faces "more attractive" - We combine what we're used to to create our idea of attractiveness |
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Integrating Disability, Transforming Feminist Theory by Rosemarie Garland-Thompson |
- Feminist studies and disability studies modify and expand one another - Touches on: representation, the body, identity, activism - Notion that the disabled body doesn't need to be cured |
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Examining Millie and Christine McKoy: Where Enslavement and Enfreakment Meet by Ellen Samuels |
hjgbm |
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See How She Runs: Feminists Rethink Fitness by Isaacs & Brennan |
- Equality - Inclusivity - Empowerment - Aesthetics and feminine embodiment |
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Exercising Moral Authority: The Power of Guilt in Health and Fitness Discourses by Anita Harman |
Guilt as surveillance and self-surveillance |
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The Politics of Pathology: How Obesity Became an Epidemic by J. Eric Oliver |
The medicalization of obesity - It's not proven to be a medical problem - People talk about it like it is because they are discriminatory |
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Beyond Binarism? Intersex as an Epistemological and Political Challenge by Ana Lucia Santos |
Intersex is complicated and varied |
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Liking What You See by Ted Chiang |
Calliagnosia thingy |
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"Brides" Without Husbands: Lesbians in the Afro-Brazilian Religion Candomblé by Andrea Stevenson Allen |
Unlike gay men, who find affirmation both as men and men who have sex with other men, lesbians are only affirmed as women and not as sexual beings in this purportedly matriarchal religion |
