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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Native American Languages |
Algonkian, Iroquoian, Siouan, Caddoan |
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Narragansett |
Area later known as New England |
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Pueblo |
Native American communities in the Southwest US, made of stone/adobe/mud, often run by women (closest to land ownership) |
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Pocahontas |
Daughter of Powhatan who befriended English settlers, later married John Rolfe and was baptized |
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Mary Cole |
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Calvinists |
Major branch of Protestantism founded on the beliefs of John Calvin, included doctrine of predestination |
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Pilgrims |
Also known as Separatists, Calvinists who believed that Anglican Church was beyond reform, settled the Plymouth Colony, eventually enveloped by the Puritans |
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Puritans |
Calvinists who believed in reforming the Anglican Church, settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony to escape persecution and develop principles of moral government to bring back to England |
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Anglican Church |
State church of England, persecuted dissenters |
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Creole |
First generation born in the New World |
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The Little Commonwealth |
Puritan notion of the family unit as reflective of the state of the commonwealth |
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Predestination |
Calvinist belief that salvation was determined by God prior to birth, as opposed to coming about via faith or good works |
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Elect |
Group predestined by God for salvation, believed to be indicated by career/family success, good fortune, holy behavior |
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Anne Hutchinson |
New England woman who preached that individual relationship with God took precedence over earthly law, exiled for heresy when she claimed that God spoke to her directly |
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Antinomian Heresy |
Belief that people should be guided by individual spiritual judgment rather than externally imposed moral law |
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John Winthrop |
Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony |
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Metacom's War |
AKA King Phillip's War, conflict between Native Americans and English settlers in New England in the 1670s, left many colonists dead/homeless, challenged patriarchal order |
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Ann Hibbins |
Massachusetts woman executed for witchcraft in 1656, twice widowed and wealthy, fictionalized in The Scarlet Letter |
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Spectral evidence |
Claim made by victims of witchcraft that they had seen the spirit of the accused commit a crime, initially permitted in Salem despite being outlawed in England |
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Governor William Phipps |
Royally appointed governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony who rejected the use of spectral evidence and freed those who remained imprisoned for witchcraft |
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Conversion hysteria |
Acute anxiety that manifests as physical symptoms, thought to be partially responsible for widespread panic over witchcraft |
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Middle Passage |
Describes the journey on slave ships from Africa to North America, inhumane conditions, 10% died |
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Tonie's Vineyard |
Maryland plantation where Mary and Anthony Johnson moved once freed from their indentured servitude, illustrative of period before the rights of African Americans were restricted by slavery |
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Internal economy |
Networks of trade that arose within slaves populations (baked goods, raised and sold livestock, etc) |
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Gang labor |
System of slave labor division where a group of slaves was given one job for the duration of the day, more common in the Chesapeake region |
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Task labor |
System of slave labor division where slaves were given individual jobs, offered more free time, more common in the Carolinas |
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Black mammy |
Archetype of black female housekeeper/nanny that became fashionable in the New England region in the mid-18th century |
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Margaret Hardenbroeck |
Successful Dutch merchant who settled in New Amsterdam in the 17th century, lost legal and professional autonomy when British conquest facilitated the spread of English customs in the region |
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Articles of Capitulation |
1664 document detailing the rights given to Dutch settlers following British conquest, allowed Dutch to keep land but catalyzed acculturation of women to English gender roles |
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Quakers |
Radical religious group that originated in England and rejected both Anglican Church hierarchy and Puritan doctrine of predestination, advocated for spiritual and social equality, settled Pennsylvania in late 1600s |
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Priesthood of All Believers |
Quaker doctrine of spiritual equality, directly at odds with Puritan elect |
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Pennsylvania |
Colony chartered in 1682 by William Penn, founded upon grain production and international trade, large Quaker population |
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Monthly meetings |
Core Quaker institution that helped define gender roles and expectations |
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Inmate women |
Women who served contracts for their husbands, most common in rural PA |
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Eliza Lucas |
South Carolina woman who was left in charge of her family's plantation at 15, cultivated indigo dye, highly educated, member of genteel class |
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Genteel class |
Wealthy, elite class that emerged in the 18th century, marked by high levels of education/cultural engagement among both men and women |
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Consumer revolution |
Shift in consumer habits spurred by development of the genteel class, rise in popularity of artisan goods, English fashions, creature comforts (silver, pots+pans, books) among poor and middling families |
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Non-importation |
Economic policy of severing trade ties with England as a form of political protest leading up to the Revolution |
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Non-consumption |
Informal economic sanction where colonists stopped purchasing British goods as a form of political protest, dominated by women since they were charged with daily household decisions |
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Christopher Gadsden |
South Carolina statesman who maintained that women were intelligent and useful but politically ignorant, ideas supported by English tradition of suffrage limited to property owners |
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Susan Boudinot |
9 y/o girl who threw away tea in the home of a Loyalist governor as a form of political protest |
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Pension agreement |
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