Women Studies Midterm

Front 1

Emotional labor

Back 1

Refers to commercialization of feeling; "economy of smiles"
Flight attendants- managing other people's feelings (fear, anxiety, comfort)

BORIS

Front 2

Gender continuum

Back 2

An extension of the gender spectrum to include additional gender identites

LECTURE

Front 3

Cissexual privilege

Back 3

The privilege experienced by people who believe that having their femaleness/maleness is authentic and natural, unquestionable by society.

Serano-transgender reading

Hint 3

Serano-transgender reading

Front 4

Embodied cultural capital

Back 4

things we have in our body that form certain privilege. We acquire this privilege over time, from family, socialization, from culture.

lecture

Front 5

Consciousness-raising

Back 5

Effort originated from the feminist movement during the 1960s. Women would take turns describing their experiences and these experiences were collected and analyzed, "raising consciousness" of the oppression of women in society.

Dicker-Piepmeier

Hint 5

Dicker-Piepmeier

Front 6

1st, 2nd, 3rd wave of feminism

Back 6

1st wave- suffrage movement (19th amendment)
2nd wave- Late 1960s. Radical feminist movement, not just equal access. Power relations, how we define these issues in society.

FUDGE
3rd wave- companionable, man-friendly, pro-femininity. reflects the success of the 2nd wave feminism. more interested in self-determination and individual decisions rather than in understanding the political impact of them.

Hint 6

Fudge

Front 7

"Doing" gender

Back 7

One's presentation of self as a certain kind of gendered person via cosmetics, dress, hairstyle. Gender construction begins with assignment to a sex category by genitalia. Parenting is gendered, with different expectations for fathers and mothers

LORBER

Hint 7

Lorber

Front 8

Drag

Back 8

Performance in Key West, 801 girls, group of gay men performing as drag queens for mixed crowds ranging from men, women, to homosexuals. Playing with boundaries of gender. Open up for desires you have never associated with Shows how "put-up" genders are

TAYLOR & RUPP

Hint 8

Taylor & Rupp

Front 9

Social Construction of Gender

Back 9

Cultural intolerance for ambiguity and cultural sanctions drive the society to clearly divide lines with sex and gender.
Martin- sperm depicted as aggressive while egg as passive
Rigid sex categories- Wakwitz- binary categories- testeserone, estrogen. Olympics' system which seeks to provide a space for woman to compete is also a system that insists upon inferiority

MARTIN

Hint 9

Martin,

Front 10

Docile Body

Back 10

Self-imposed restrictions on women's bodies
Women's movements are more observed (crossing legs, etc)
"Male gaze" - consequences of dieting, make-up, surgery
"Physical space"

BARTKY

Hint 10

Bartky

Front 11

Panopticon

Back 11

Jeremy Benthom designed for a model prison
Circular structure with watchtower at the center. Noone's needed at the watchtower since all inmates are self-policing
Discipline toward mind and body
to induce in the inmates a state of conscious and permanent visibility that assures the automatic functioning of power

Ex. Women's dieting

BARTKY

Hint 11

Bartky

Front 12

Culture of thinness model of eating disorders

Back 12

ideal female body type imposed by society,especially by media
Systematic and invasive attempt to control body size & appetite

ex) bullimia

THOMPSON

Hint 12

Thompson

Front 13

One-sex Two-sex model

Back 13

One-sex model- female body understood as male body turned inside herself, lesser version of male body. "Female testicle"
Two- sex - recognized the differences between sexes and also discovered that it's not restricted to reproductive organs (18th century)

OUDSHOORN

Hint 13

Oushoorn

Front 14

Transgender

Back 14

Born in one sex but identify as other gender

SERANO

Hint 14

Serano

Front 15

Beauty Myth

Back 15

Birth of intersexed infants, Physicians who handle cases of intersexed infants consider several factors beside biological ones in determining and assigning the gender
Difficult for intersexuals in a world where everything is black and white

KESSLER, STERLING

Hint 15

Kessler, Sterling

Front 16

Gender assignment

Back 16

when the culture says "this is what you are" at birth

Front 17

"Rules of gender"

Back 17

There are only two genders. Gender is fixed. Male/female dichotomy is natural

BORNSTEIN

Hint 17

Bornstein

Front 18

Orlan

Back 18

French performance artist who did surgery on her face before the camera each time

DAVIS

Hint 18

Davis

Front 19

Gender Binary

Back 19

Classification of sex and gender into two distinct and disconnected forms of masculine and feminine. discourages people from crossing or mixing gender roles

BARTKY

Hint 19

Bartky

Front 20

Gender Bending

Back 20

people who adopt the dress, manner, or preferences associated with the opposite sex. It does not challenge the construction of gender, but it reinforces the association between sex and gender. Naturalizes gender as an expression of sex, rather than highlighting the way gender is really constructed

LORBER

Hint 20

Lorber

Front 21

Beauty bias

Back 21

How women need to be concerned about their appearance all the time because of pressure set by social, biological, economic, media forces
Physically attractive= smart, friendly?

RHODE

Hint 21

Rhode

Front 22

Blepharoplasty

Back 22

Asian double eyelids

NEVER PERFECT- FILM

Hint 22

Never Perfect - film

Front 23

Lesbian Continuum

Back 23

A range- through each woman’s life and throughout history- of women-identified experience, not simply the fact that a woman has had or consciously desired genital sexual relationship with another woman.
Every woman falls somewhere in the scale -> “[--------]”
and there’s no end to it
decenter heterosexual marriage

Hint 23

Rich

Front 24

Compulsory Heterosexuality

Back 24

Inclination of preference in men for women
Consequences- criticism, economic disadvantage, media portryal

Hint 24

Rich

Front 25

Saartje Baartman

Back 25

In Thompson article, one of the two “monster” women. She was the object of fascination and scientific research as people categorized her as inhuman and beastly.
In the European view, Baartman was not only a Hottentot – a humanlike ape or an apelike human – she was also a female body deviant by definition

THOMPSON

Hint 25

Thompson

Front 26

Rosie the Riveter

Back 26

Women replaced men in factories during WWII. Women were scrutinized for their dress codes, as they “distracted” other workers. Role of propaganda, which encouraged women in and out of work.

BORIS

Front 27

Annie Sprinkle "Public Cervix Announcement"

Back 27

Something to do with showing the private part in public. Sprinkle’s performance was for educational purposes and also to show that the cervix that rejects the notion that femininity is passive and masculinity is active.

KAPSALIS

Hint 27

Kapsalis

Front 28

Wage Gap

Back 28

- Earnings differential between men and women in the workforce. Awareness for gender disparities rose, but women’s wages still lag behind their male peers.

Front 29

Privilege

Back 29

Privilege is “automatic”
•Unearned advantage and system of conferred dominance; opens doors automatically
•Unacknowledged, denied and protected

MCINTOSH
•Assumption that it is inevitable, cannot be changed or challenged
•Disapproval is not enough; need to end silence and denial; to weaken privilege systems and reconstruct power relations
“I have come to see white privilege as an invisible package of unearned assets that I can count on cashing in each day, but about which I was ‘meant’ to remain oblivious.”
(-Peggy McIntosh)
Privilege makes an individual stronger but another individual inferior

Hint 29

Mclntosh

Front 30

Occupational Sex segregation

Back 30

There are certain jobs reserved for women

BOSE AND WHALEY

Front 31

Intersectionality

Back 31

Intersectionality holds that the classical conceptualizations of oppression within society, such as racism, sexism, homophobia, and religion-based bigotry, do not act independently of one another; instead, these forms of oppression interrelate, creating a system of oppression that reflects the "intersection" of multiple forms of discrimination

CRENSHAW

Hint 31

Crenhaw

Front 32

Hegemonic masculinity

Back 32

Belief in the existence of a culturally normative ideal of male behavior. Hegemonic masculinity posits that society strongly encourages men to embody this kind of masculinity. Hegemonic masculinity is said to be marked by a tendency for the male to dominate other males and subordinate females.

MESSNER

Hint 32

Messner