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138 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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____________________ is an objective accurate descriptive and interpretive record of all activities of the armed forces in peace and war.
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Military history
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Three common preconditions for the full realization of a revolution in military affairs are_________________?
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technological developments, doctrine inovations, and organizational adaptation.
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Revolution in military affairs (RMA)
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A fundamental change in the nature of warfare.
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What are the two threads of continuity?
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internal and external.
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Internal threads include__________________?
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Military proffesionalism, logistics/administration, operations, strategy, tactics, leadership, military theory, and doctrine.
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External threads include_________________?
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Political factors, social factors, economic factors, technology, and military geography.
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What are the three goals of studying military history?
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1. Foster and maintain a historical mindedness.
2. To promote esprit and pride in the proffesional Army. 3. Most importantly, to instill an appreciation of insights gained from lessons of the past understanding the lessons of the past cannot be blindly applied to any situation." |
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Key food sources include_____________________?
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Maize, fish, seasonal tubors/fruits, game
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Many of the tibes were destroyed by _______________ and ___________________.
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constant warfare and catastrophic diseases
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The British brought the ___________________ with them to the New World because they felt war with the Native Americans would be inevitable.
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Militia system
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The first muster of the militia was in __________________ in ________________.
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Salem, Mass in 1636
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The wars between the French and British were fought where?
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In Europe and Colonies
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What was the powerful British Navy suspectible to?
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Guerrila attacks
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What did John Eliot learn in 1677
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Sulking way of war. European tatics were ineffective against Indians
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_______________ was the first in a series of colonial conflicts between France and England for supremecy in North America.
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King Williams War
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What was the major goal of the King Williams War?
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controll of the fur trade
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Queen Anne's War ended with the ________________.
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Treaty of Utrecht
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In 1764, the British passed the ____.
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The Sugar Act
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What Act barred the colonies from printing their own currency
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The Currency Act
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Which Act obligated the colonies to provide lodging and supplies for British Soldiers?
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The Quartering Act
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The first direct levy on the colonies, passed to generate funds for the British was ________.
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The Stamp Act
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What Act did Parliment pass that decreased the tax on imported British tea and gave British merchants an inequitable edge in selling their tea in the Colonies?
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The Tea Act (1773)
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The Boston Tea Party occured on________.
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16 Dec 1773
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How did the Americans fight differently from the British?
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"The Americans hid behind trees and stone walls, firing on passing troops. The British used flanking manuevers and firing lines."
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When did the United States declare independance?
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4 July 1776
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When did George Washington take 2400 of his troops across the Deleware River to conduct a surprise raid on 1500 British Hessians?
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25-26 December 1776
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What Battle proved to the world that the American Army was an efffective fighting force capable of defeating the highly trained British Forces in a major confrontaiton? (Turning point of the war)
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The Battle of Saratoga
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When was the Battle of Saratoga fought?
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19 Sep 1777
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Who did General Gates relieve as a result of disagreement in tactics and personality?
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General Arnold
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How many died at Valley Forge during the harsh winter due to hunger, poorly clothed and badly housed troops?
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2,500
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When did General Cornwallis send word of surrender?
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19 October 1781
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What was the first threat of civilian control of the government?
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The Newburgh Conspiricy (1783)
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In what act did a group of armed former PA Soldiers surround Independence Hall demanding back pay?
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The Newburgh Conspiricy
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Though the militia belonged to the states, the Continental Army was a creation of the ______.
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Continental Congress (14 June 1775)
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Who prescribed the Continental Army's size and composition and chose its Generals and governed the system for its administration and supply?
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Continental Congress
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Under the __________ the states were responsible for raising troops for the Continental Army, organizing and equiping them and appointing Officers through the rank of COL.
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Articles of Confederation
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What were the most important weapons in the American Revolutionary War?
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The flintlock musket, the rifle, and artillery.
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Who trained the Army at Valley Forge?
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Baron von Stuben
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According to the handout, what were the four causes of the Civil War?
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States rights, tariffs, slavery, and the Patrone factor.
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What was the first battle of the Civil War?
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The Battle of Ft. Sumter.
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What was the first state to secede from the Union?
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South Carolina
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For every man killed in battle during the Civil War, how many died from sickness and disease?
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Two. For every 1 man killed in combat 2 died from sickness and disease.
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True or False: Most soldiers in the Civil War were under 21 years old?
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True.
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Approximately how man African American soldiers fought for the Union Army?
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Approximately 180,000 black troops fought for the Union Army. This was about 10% of the Union Army strength. Known as Buffalo Soldiers (named by Indians)
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Primary weapon during the Civil War
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Springfield musket
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Approximately how many soldiers fought in the Civil War?
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3.5 Million
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How did the South tend to name battles?
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The South named battles after the closest town or city.
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How did the North name battles?
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The North named battles after the closest stream or river.
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The North called them the first and second battles of “Bull Run”, but what did the South call them?
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The South named the battles of Bull Run the first and second battles of “Manasses”.
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What was the number one resource of the South?
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The number one resource of the South was agriculture.
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A ______ is a way of being, a way of thinking, a way of behaving, and a way of growing.
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Profession
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What are the five characteristics that help define professionalism.
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Expertise, Controlled Admission, Autonomy in Dicipline and Regulation, Responsibility, and Corperateness.
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What helps create central characteristics?
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Education, Training, Experience
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What is the purpose of all professions?
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Fullfill a need in society
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· Acquired by prolonged education and experience
· Separates layman from professional · Measures relative competence within profession · Includes basic mechanical skills of craft · Extends to leading and managing those engaged in the craft" |
EXPERTISE
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"· Has strict entry requirements
· Entry requires certification · Profession has a licensing or registration requirement · Profession is certified by the profession itself · Enforces standards of competence · Establishes/provides professional evaluation criteria" |
CONTROLLED ADMISSION
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· Has accepted code of ethics
· Code offers guidance based on experience and insights of colleagues · Code provides minimum standards used in evaluation of misconduct · Profession guarantees competence · Professional seeks the highest standard · Establishes professional review boards |
AUTONOMY IN DISCIPLINE AND REGULATION
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· Practices expertise within social context
· Perform service when required by society · Goes beyond financial remuneration (Analogy of sports and Olympics not valid, here, getting paid for providing a service does not make one a “professional”) · Values and ideals of “profession” guide members |
RESPONSIBILITY
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· Shared sense of unity and consciousness
· Possesses written codes of ethics · Established standards of professional competence |
CORPORATENESS
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What 3 components must be mastered to maintain the American Profession of Arms as identified in FM 1?
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Physical, Intellectual, and Moral
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Which two cultural aspects does the intellectual component encompass?
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"Internal: pertains to knowlegde of the military's values based culture
External: pertains to the need to adapt to verifying environments with different cultural and political values" |
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When did the framers of the Constitution established the principle of civilian control over the armed forces of the United States.
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1787
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What article specifies that Congress alone would have the power to raise and support armies (and provide and maintain a Navy), to declare war, to make rules concerning captures on land and water, and to provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the Militia.
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The Constitution (Article I, Section 1)
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When did the President form the Joint Chiefs of Staff?
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Feb-42
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What did Congress pass to formally establish the organizations that were created during World War II, to facilitate better control over the military?
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National Security Act of 1947
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What was the National Military Establishment changed to?
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Department of Defense
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Who is the head of the DoD?
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Secretary of Defense
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Who has authority, direction, and control over the Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force?
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Secretary of Defense
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What Act was an attempt by Congress to rectify problems in joint operations that came to light after the attempted rescue of the American hostages in Iran (Operation Desert One), and the invasion of Grenada (Operation Urgent Fury)?
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Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986
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What did the Homeland Security Act of 2002 create?
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The Department of Homeland Security
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Who does the Coast Guard operate under upon the declaration of war?
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Department of the Navy
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Who heads the National Security Organization?
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President of the United States
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When was the US Special Operations Command established?
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1987
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What is the role of the Army? Role = purpose
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prompt and sustained combat operations on land
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What is the role of the Navy? Role = purpose
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prompt and sustained combat operations at sea
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What is the role of the marine Corps?
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service with the fleet in the seizure or defense of advanced naval bases, and the conduct of such land operations as may be essential to the prosecution of a naval campaign
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What is the role of the Air Force?
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prompt and sustained offensive and defensive combat operations in the air and space
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What are 'Functions' ?
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Functions are specific responsibilities assigned by the President and Secretary of Defense to enable the services to fulfill their legally established roles.
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What are 'Missions' ?
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Missions are tasks assigned by the President or by the Secretary of Defense and the President to the commanders of Combatant Commands.
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Who is the nation’s decisive land warfare force?
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The Army
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What is the primary function of the U.S. Marine Corps?
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to be the United States initial response forces
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What is the US Navy's primary function?
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To provide forward presence
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What is the U.S. Air Force's primary function?
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To attain and sustain air and space superiority
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Where is the US Coast Guard located?
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Within the Department of Homeland Security
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Which Service has statutory law enforcement authority?
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US Coast Guard
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How does Joint Pub 1-02 define 'Joint' ?
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“activities, operations, organizations, etc., in which elements of two or more Military Departments participate.”
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What are the 3 Functional Commands?
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"US Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM)
US Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) US Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM)" |
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Which Campaign showed how Joint Doctrine principles applied even before unity of command was formalized by regulation?
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The Federal Campaign against Vicksburg
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Who executed the Federal Campaign against Vicksburg?
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General Ulysses S. Grant and Admiral David D. Porter
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When did the rescue attempt Operation Eagle Claw take place?
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25-Apr-80
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Which Operation became the impetus for a new, stronger, more integrated military and special operations force?
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Desert One - Operation Eagle Claw
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Which three basic emotions can nonverbal communications reveal?
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Like or dislike, submission or dominance, the degree which others can arouse reactions.
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Clothes, hair, jewlery or lack of, cosmetics or makeup, make of car, and location of one's house are examples of _____?
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Symbolic communications.
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What three basic elements are involved in each transfer of information?
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Sender, message, and receiver.
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Anything which prevents an understanding of the exact concept or information intended by the sender is a _______.
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Communications barrier.
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______ requires the deepest level of concentration, attention and mental, as well as emotional proccessing of information.
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Active listening.
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What involves avoiding interuption and keeping mental or written notes of important points or items for clarification.
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Active listening.
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How do you ensure the intent of the message is received.
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Feedback.
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What kind of feedback can be used to clarify the message, give positive or negative remarks, and determine how to structure communication that will be meaningful and effective?
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Verbal feedback.
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What kind of feedback lets you know someone is paying attention?
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Nonverbal feedback.
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What is the birthday of the U.S. Army Warrant Officer Corps?
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9-Jul-18
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How far back can the lineage of the warrant officer be traced?
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1896
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The National Defense Act of 1920 authorized how many active duty warrant officers?
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1120
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The original Army warrant officers (prior to 1918) served in what positions?
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Headquarters Clerk (later designated the Army Field Clerk)
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The Act of July 9, 1918 provided for the creation of what warrant officer position?
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Army Mine Planter Service
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In what four positions did warrant officers of the Mine Planter Service serve?
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Masters, mates, chief engineers, and assistant engineers.
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Who appointed the warrant officers of the Army Mine Planter Service?
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The Secretary of War
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What was the original rank insignia of the warrant officer?
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Bands of brown braid.
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What was the original official color of the warrant officer corps?
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Brown
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The National Defense Act of 1920 excluded warrant officers from what?
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Performing duties from which enlisted personnel were also excluded (summary court officer, defense counsel, O.O.D., & assistant adjutant)
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The National Defense Act of 1920 made appointment to warrant officer how?
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As a reward for enlisted soldiers and as a haven" for commissioned officers who could no longer remain a commissioned officer."
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When was the warrant officer insignia approved?
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1921
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What is the warrant officer insignia?
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The Eagle Rising""
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Who first wore the warrant officer insignia?
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The Tank Corps
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In November 1942, what did the War Department do specific to the definition of the WO?
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Defined the position of the WO in the rank order as above all enlisted ranks and below all commissioned officer ranks.
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What was the Warrant Officer Personnel Act (WOPA)?
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"Established WO ranks W1 through W4 and officially eliminated the Mine Planter Service.
This is the close of the Early Period"" of the development of the Warrant Officer Corps and the beginning of the ""Modern Era"" in WO history.""" |
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What is TWOS?
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Total Warrant Officer Study Group
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When was TWOS?
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Sep-84
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When did the first WOCS class direct appoint to WO1?
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8-Oct-92
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Today, who appoints Warrant Officers?
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Secretary of the Army
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What is the minimum rated time for ARNG
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120 days
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What is the minimum rated time for USAR?
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"120 days for OER 90 days for NCOER"
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What is the minimum rated time for Active Army?
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90 days (OER and NCOER)
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What is DA PAM 600-3 ?
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Commissioned Officer Professional Development and Career Management
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What is DA PAM 600-25 ?
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NCO Professional Development Guide
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NCOs, WO1s, CW2s, LTs, and CPTs must recieve ______ counselings?
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Quarterly
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The initial counseling must occur within ______ days of the begining of the rating period.
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"30 days
First drill for RC" |
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The support form for an NCO is initiated by the _____.
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Rater
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What is DA form 67-9-1 ?
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OER support form
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What is DA form 67-9-1a ?
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"Developmental Spport Form (DSF)
(jointly prepared by rated and rater)" |
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What is DA form 67-9 ?
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"Officer Evaluation Report (OER)
(rating chain prepares this form)" |
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What is DA form 2166-8-1 ?
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NCO counseling and support form
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What is DA form 2166-8 ?
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NCOER
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What is DA form 1059 ?
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Service school academic evaluation report
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Who fills out support forms?
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Officer - Rated Officer, NCO - Rater w/Input
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What are the minimum days required as rater?
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"90 days
(exception for USAR is 120 days for OERs)" |
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What are the minimum grades established for the senior rater of a Warrant Officer?
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"Military: MAJ / CPT promotable
Civilian: GM / GS 13" |
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What are the minimum days required as senior rater?
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60 days
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