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172 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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where were potatoes first grown
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south america
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what was the international year of the potato
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2008
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how many potatoes produced per year and where is the most
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315 million tonnes, 2/9th in China
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Where is the potato capital of canada
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Vouxhall Alberta
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What is the potato song
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Spud the bud by stompin tom connors .. the song is about potato delivery from PEI
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how much protein is in a potato
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no fat, 3g of protein, vitamin a&b, carbs, fiber
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why do onions make you tear
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lacramere - contains sulphur atom, cut onions under water
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how much water protein fat in egg yolk and white, what temps
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Y: 50%w, 16%p, 31%f - 71degrees
W: 88%w, 12%p, no fat - 63degrees |
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Why is yolk of boiled egg green
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Iron reacts with hydrogen sulfide to create FeS
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What is the natural emulsifier that engages oil and water layers
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lecithin - it allows for emuslion: the dissolving of both layers
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How should high muscle and high fiber meat be cooked
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High muscle cooked for a long time, high fiber dont cook for a long time.
Pink colour at 140 degrees brown colour 180 |
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what is the meat tenderizer
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Papin
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name meets in order of water
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Fish, chicken, beef, pork
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name meets in order of proten
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chicken fish beef pork
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name meets in order of fat
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Pork, beef, fish, chicken
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Meat glue
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Transglutaminase
- Binds amine group of glutamine w/ amine group of lysine -commercially called active |
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Books by Harold McGee
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On food and cooking, The curious cook
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casien Micells
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Where protein is in milk
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3 protein types in milk
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alpha casein
beta casein held together by kappa casein |
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enzyme in calf stomach
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chymosin
can buy it as Rennet |
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Bovine Pepsin
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what cows produce when they grow up instead of chymosin
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how many types of cheese does france have
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365
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examples of fresh cheese
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cottage and mozzarella
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soft ripened
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Camember, Brie
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Blue Cheese
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Roquenfort
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semi-soft
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Oka
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Hard chesse
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swiss & cheddar
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what makes holes in cheese
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propionibacter shermanii
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depression and chedder cheese
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antidepressants have monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and if they arent there tyramine cant degrade which raised BP
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when was cheese first made
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9000BC
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how old is modern cheese
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5000 yrs old
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cows milk compiosition
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87% water, 5% lactose, 3.5% fat , 3.5% protein
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Where is the protein in milk
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Micelles
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Turophile
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cheese lover
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Oenophile
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wine lover
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What did JL Kraft create
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Process cheese
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JAMA
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low fat doesnt cause breast cancer
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HERP - Aimes
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not everything that is cancer causing is really a threat
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where is wine consumption not increasing
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France
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highest wine per capita
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Vatican
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wine consumption per capita
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Vatican 62L, France 55L, Italy 48, canada 13, egypt 0.05
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how any calories in a glass of wine
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100 calories, alcohol = 7cal.gram
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Antioxidant in wine
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Reveratrol
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Swedish Twin study
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45000 twins, 10,000 had cancer
- stomach cancer had 28% heritability rate, - low heredity for cervical cancer - Shared env. 10% - non shares 62% -7:3 ration in favor of environment being most important |
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what causes hangover, what type of alchahol that contribute to hangovers
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acetaldehyde. Congers (more colour more congers
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what makes acetic acid
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Ethanol - acetaldehyde - acetic acid
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Retsina
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Greek wine - tasted like resin
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Vappa
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What romans called wine that went bad
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Phylloxera
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bugs that were killing french vinyards
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Most expensive wine ever sold
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241,000 chateau lagite -> forbes bought it and it was fake
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regions in bordeax
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Medoc (red wine), Graves (red and white), pomerol
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Sauterines
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place where they make wine from rotting grapes
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Champagne
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10 million bubbles, each grape must be l'epluchage (inspect each grave)
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PhIP
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molecule with 3 cyclic rings, can slide into DNA and bind preventing DNA from coppying properly
-present in beef and fin fish |
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Intercalation
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when something slides into DNA
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champagne classification
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amount of sugar added
BRUT -1% Extra Dry -2% Sec - 6% Demi Sec -10% |
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saccharin
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Remsin and Falberg, 1st sweetener
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Cyclamate
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Sveda, 30x sugar
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Acesulfame-K
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200X, 10-15mg acceptable
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apartame
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108x, 7L accepted, cant take if you have phenylalanine
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regions in bordeax
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Medoc (red wine), Graves (red and white), pomerol
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Sauterines
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place where they make wine from rotting grapes
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Champagne
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10 million bubbles, each grape must be l'epluchage (inspect each grave)
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PhIP
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molecule with 3 cyclic rings, can slide into DNA and bind preventing DNA from coppying properly
-present in beef and fin fish |
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Intercalation
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when something slides into DNA
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champagne classification
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amount of sugar added
BRUT -1% Extra Dry -2% Sec - 6% Demi Sec -10% |
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saccharin
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Remsin and Falberg, 1st sweetener
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Cyclamate
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Sveda, 30x sugar, banned in US but ok in Canada
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Acesulfame-K
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200X, 10-15mg acceptable. combine it with aspartame
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aspartame
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108x, 7L accepted, cant take if you have phenylalanine
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Neutame
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10,000x sugar, 50x aspartame, OK for PKV
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Splenda
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Hough and Phadris, Trichloral sucrose, 600x sweetener
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smoking decline
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45-50% in WW11, 20% now.
Lung cancer is up 250% in women |
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how many have cancer in USA and Can
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half a million in USA, 50,000 in CAD. In USA half million die a year
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Lowest and highest cancer
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Hodgkins Japan is loweset (but they are high on stomach cancer), USA prostate is highest.
India had over all lowest |
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mutagen
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changes DNA
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Teratogen
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causes malformation of embryo. Thalidomine
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Carcinogen
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causes cancer
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metasatasis
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tumor breaks up and spreads around body
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angiogenesis
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allows for tumor to grow
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achrylamide
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neurotoxin, and possible carcinogen. In fried but not normal potatoes. Regulated in drinking water to 0.5 ppb
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absolute risk of cancer in twins
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MX 15%
Dz6% |
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two main cancer causes
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1) unbalanced diet (35x)
2) tobacco (30x) |
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TCDD
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agent orange in vietnam war, trees overgrow
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cytochrome p540
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enzyme that alters molecules, it is the garbage collector of the body, breaks down hydrocarbons and adds hydrogen
Grapefruit juice inhibits it |
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chance of dying of cancer vs airplane crash
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1:3 vs 1:8million
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transport deaths
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PBjourneys: Bus: 4.3, Motorcycle:1640
PbhoursL Bus: 11.1 PBKm: flight is safest |
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foods with additives to provide benefits
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Neuroceuticals
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peroxy radical
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free radicals with two 02 on one end. can attack hydrogen atoms and DNA
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BHT
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in food packaging, prevents oxidation
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mRNA
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copied from template strand and is identical to coding strand
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what does monarch caterpillar eat
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Milk weed leaves
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stomach cancer and colon for japan
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in japan 1311 cases per million ppl. 397 per million japanese in hawaii, 217 per million caucassians in hawaii
stomach goes down, colon up when move to america |
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What do they eat in swaziland, and how often do they poop
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betel nuts - lowers risk of colon cancer. 3-5 times per day with is 3x ITT of normal
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What is Metamucil
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suppliment of fibre psyllium seeds
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finland vs NY fiber consumption
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32 vs 14. Stomach bile - 4.6:13.1
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diverticulosis
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poutches in colon that trap food
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PegLyte powder
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laxative, cleans the colon
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Lupine
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has anagyrine in it, goats eat it and it leads to birth defects if you eat the goat
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Uric Acid
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causes Gout. boa constrictors poo is 90% uric acid
get it from eating meat |
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how much water to produce 1kg of beef
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100,000L of water, 500L for a KG of potatoes
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anti inflammatory
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ex. Aspirin, can sometime prevent cancer
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Quercetin
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it is a phenol (antioxidant) in cabbage
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Curcumin
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gives tumaric its colour, it is a bioflavanoid
- blocks hormone tied with colon cancer |
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What makes potatoes slippery
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Saponins
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pepper has...
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peperine: which enhances ability of curcumin by 200%
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what is the company that studies flvour enhancers
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Senomyx
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lychopine
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precurser for vitamin A, found in tomatoes
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delaney clause
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if it is tested and bad for animals it is banned
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phenylalanine
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amino acid group of aspartame. ppl with PKU cant use this so they cant drink diet pop
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betty martini
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wanted to rid earth of all addititves
said aspartame caused brain tumors |
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Morando Soffritti
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said asprartame wasnt safe but he wis findings were refuted
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Hough and Phadnis
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created splenda
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stevia reboudiana
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newest art. sweetener, sold in a little bottle
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three crops genetically modified in canada
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Corn, Canola, Soya
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how much fastfood is fed only corn
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100% chicken 93% meat
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Vertical Transfer vs Horizontal Transfer
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Vertical: exchange genes btw closely related species
Horizontal: enter gene from a foreign organism |
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DDT
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lowered sri lankan malaria from 3 million in 46 to 17 in '63
- Discovered by Paul Muller - DDT is banned in Canada and the USA now |
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breast cancer
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#1 killer in women, 30% of all new cancers are breast, 15% of deaths
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long island breast cancer study
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30million dollar project. Wealth was the greatest factor
Fewer children, delayed first pregnancy |
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refuges
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crops not producing BT which surround BT organism field to reduce spread of BT pollon
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Conin
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poison in hemlock tree kill socchrates
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percy shmeiser and monsanto
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got sued for using GM canola
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precautionary principle
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unless you are sure that something is safe, it technically shouldnt be put on the market
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Trichograma wasps
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can attack eggs of cotton bull worm
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disparlure
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phermone used to trap insects
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androstenol
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pharemone released by truffles, similar to pigs
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sylvester graham
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1st nutritionist, Mr. No, said Abstinance from eveything
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copper sulfate
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organic pesticide so it can be used on food
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organic vs non organic soup
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salicylic acid is a bit less in org but it makes no difference
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Who wrote fit for life
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Harvey and Marilyn diamond
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Ann Wigmore
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said everyone has a limited suppy of enzymes
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chelsey physic garden
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london 1673
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when interviewing on herbal remedies
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40% used in last month, 2-3 different herbs per person, 40% used herbs before going to doctor, 50% didnt inform dr they took it
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echanachea
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part of clark stanely's famous snake oil, benelyn has it in it
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NPN
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natural product number.
Shows that product was made in clean lab, standardized compounds, safe products, doesnt need to be proven efficient |
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ginseng
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natural chinese product shaped like body, it is in cold Fx
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Saw Pamatto
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treats begning prostate hyperplasia
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Ginko Biloba
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increases mental function, interacts with anticoagulants
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Adolphus Hohensee
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guy who said sleep with garlic in your anus
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how many ginsing supps were contaminated
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8 of 22
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st Johns Wort
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neutralizes cyclosporine
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Kava Kava
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plant from south pacific, reduces anxiety. It is linked to liver problems which is why it is banned in canada
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Ephedra
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Mua-Huang, it is in metabolife, killed steve beckler
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National health product directory
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2004, clean facility, good manifacturing, adverse reaction reporting, labeling, safety. Doesnt have to be effective
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Charles Post
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grape nut flakes
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John Harvery Kellog
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father of modern health food
sanitarium at battle creek michigan |
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fletcherized
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chewing something 32 times because we have 32 teeth
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elie metchnikoff
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studied the bush ppl in bulgaria, thought they lived long because they ate lots of yogurt
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probiotics
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good bacteria, 2 main bacteria probiotics are Acidophilus and bifidobacteria
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Lactobacillus GG
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helps cholitis, chrons, IBS
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prebiotics
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straight to colon, they are the food for probiotics
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lactobacilli bifidobacteria
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produces short chain fatty acids good for
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doctrine of signatures
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chinese belief in panacea: the cure for everything
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inullin
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60 fructose units , prebiotic, there is a lot of it in the jersulem artichoke
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Xocatl
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it is the azteck chocolate
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what produces cocoa
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theombroma cocao tree
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JS fry
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first edible chocolate 1847
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henri nestle
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swiss, made milk chocolate
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Lindt
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introduced concling - mixing chocolate
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Tobler
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toblerone mattahorn mountain and nuget
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swiss eat how much chocolate per year
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22 lbs
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Milton Hershey
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tropical chocolate, 35 million kisses, wanted chocolate to be cheaper
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Dr. Alfred Stern
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made M&Ms by putting air bubble in it
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issues caused by chocolate
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tooth decay, migranes, heart burn
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chocolate is good becasue
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rich in antioxidants, alters cough response, lowers blood pressure
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le creuset
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expensive pot used to make bread
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yeast turns carbs into
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co2 and ethanol
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difference between baking soda and powder
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Soda: is sodium bicarbonate
Powder also has monocalcium phosphate |
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porphyrin ring
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usually has magnesium atom but when veggies are heated or canned the magnesium is replaced by two H atoms
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Red peppers
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have anthocyanins instead of chlorophyl
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chlorophenthon
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put in DDT to prevent it from being turned into DDE
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