Wmst Exam 1

Front 1

According to McIntosh, in "White Privilege", male privilege is a special kind of privilege that suggests:

Back 1

Men have opportunities that others don't simply because they are men.

Front 2

In "White Privilege" McIntosh suggests that social inequalities are perpetuated because:

Back 2

1. Even well-intentioned people benefit from the unequal distribution of social rewards.
2. The benefits of privilege are often difficult to identify, discuss, and give-up.
3. We live in a society saturated by the myth of mertocracy, so most people believe 'we get what we earn'.

Front 3

McIntosh, in "White Privilege", argues that white privilege is:

Back 3

An invisible package of unearned assets.

Front 4

What is the "invisible weightless knapsack" that McIntosh says she carries around in "White Privilege"?

Back 4

The unearned privileges of being white.

Front 5

Based on discussions of white and male privilege (by McIntosh and Deutsch), what are two forms of heterosexual privilege?

Back 5

1. You can join the military and be open about your sexuality.
2. You can expect to see people of your sexuality positively presented on nearly every television show/movie/etc.

Front 6

According to Kessler in "The Medical Construction of Gender", the theory of gender that most specialists of intersexed infants rely on is:

Back 6

Based on the argument that gener is changeable until about 18 months of age

Front 7

According to Kessler in "The MEdical Construction of Gender", when a doctor chooses to alter an intersexed baby's genitalia, the doctor is:

Back 7

Producing socially acceptable genitalia

Front 8

Despite chromosomal 'evidence' that would classify intersexed infants as actually 'female' or 'male', Kessler gives numerous examples that demonstrate physicians using one particular physical feature to determine the 'correct' and objective gender assignment. What qualities of the physical feature go into making these decisions?

Back 8

Meets culturally agreed upon ideas of the 'perfect penis', which are based on an aesthetic criteria (size, shape) and performance criteria (potential for heterosexual contact).

Front 9

In her conceptualization of gender as an institution in "Night to His Day", Judith Lorber discusses gender as:

Back 9

A process, stratification system, and structure.

Front 10

In "Night to His Day" Judith Lorber uses the example of a parent dressing a small child in flowered sneakers and lace-trimmed socks to illustrate the way that people:

Back 10

"Do gender"

Front 11

Judith Lorber argues that the purpose of gender as a social institution is to:

Back 11

Construct women as a group to be the subordinates of men as a group.

Front 12

According to Laurel Richardson in "Gender Stereotyping in the English Language", the expression "Hey, Girlie" is an example of:

Back 12

Pejoration

Front 13

What are the outcomes of the use of the "generic masculine"?

Back 13

1. The exclusion of women in the imagination, thinking, and visualization of men.
2. The creation of incomplete understandings of history, social life, and social roles.
3. The perpetuation of men's feelings of dominance over women.

Front 14

Men are defined by their:

Back 14

Sexual prowess

Front 15

Women are defined as:

Back 15

Sexual Objects

Front 16

Double-bind

Back 16

Situations in which all of one's options expose one to penalty, censure, or deprivation.

Front 17

Paradox of Gender

Back 17

Transsexuals, cross dressers, drag kings/queens do not pose a serious threat to society's gender boundaries. Instead they reinforce the existing gender order by reproducing a two-party gender system (i.e. dressing in the clothing of the "opposite sex"). Rather than challenging or transgressing, it moves positions in the existing social order.

Front 18

Cues that Drag Kings might use to perform masculinity (Paradox of Gender)

Back 18

Staches, sock in crotch, shoulder pads, suit and tie: to do masculinity one would need to work on the body

Front 19

According to West and Zimmerman in the article "Doing Gender", 'gender' is:

Back 19

a routine, methodical, recurring accomplishment

Front 20

According to Michael Messner's article "Becoming 100% Straight", heterosexuality should not be thought of simply sexual acts between women and men; rather, heterosexuality is a constructed _____ that is not necessarily linked to sexual acts.

Back 20

1. Identity
2. Institution
3. Performance

Front 21

While initially having a crush in ninth grade on a boy named Timmy, Messner ("Becoming 100% Straight") discusses how he suddenly came to hate and stigmatize the feminized Timmy and years later chose to elbow him in the stomach during basketball practice. Looking back now, Kimmel recognizes in these feelings and experiences what other scholars have called:

Back 21

1. The sublimation of homoerotic desire
2. Engagement with hegemonic masculinity
3. The institution of compulsory heterosexuality
4. The performance of masculinity and heterosexuality