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106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the MSE used in combination with?
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biographical and historical information
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What are the domains of a MSE?
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General
Speech Motor Mood Affect thought process Perception Cognition Insight and judgment |
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What are the 3 components of the general domain?
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Appearance
Behavior Cooperation and Attitude |
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What are the components of speech on the MSE?
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Rate
Rhythm/prosody Volume |
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what are the components of the Motor domain?
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Agitation
Retardation Ticks Tremors Mannerisms |
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what is Alexithymia?
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problems identifying, describing, and working with one's own feelings,
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what are the MSE observable states of mood?
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dysphoric
dysthymic euthymic elevated euphoric |
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what does the psychological term "affect" refer to?
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the experience of feeling.
having an emotion |
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what are the ranges of affect?
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flat
blunted restricted full range expansive labile |
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what does labile mean?
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uncontrollable episodes of crying and/or laughing, or other emotional displays.
emotional incontinence |
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how would you describe the the form aspect of thought process?
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linear
circumstantial tangental loose associations |
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what are the components of the thought process domain?
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form
productivity logical vs illogical future or goal orientated language impairments |
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what is a clang association?
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associating two or more words together that rhyme, when no logical association of those words exist
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what is a neologism?
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a word that only has meaning to the person who uses it
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what is perseveration?
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repetition of a particular response without being stimulated to do so
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what are the components of the thought content domain?
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preoccupations
suicidal/homicidal ideations thought disturbances perceptual disturbances |
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what is erotomania?
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the belief that a stranger (esp famous ones) is desperately in love with them
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what is an idea of reference?
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having a belief or perception that irrelevant, unrelated or innocuous phenomena in the world refer to them directly
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what is thought insertion?
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the belief that someone else is putting thoughts into their head, unwillingly
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what is thought withdrawal?
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the belief that thoughts are being taken out of a persons head, unwillingly
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what is thought broadcasting?
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hearing the thoughts of others, being able to broadcast their own thoughts, and claiming to hear thoughts or voices where none exist.
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What is the difference between derealization and depersonalization?
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Depersonalization- unable to control self (panic attack), unreality in sense of self
Derealization- unreality in the outside world |
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what are the components of cognition?
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level of consciousness
abstraction orientation calculation attention memory |
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if someone is stuporous, what is the only thing they react to?
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pain stimuli
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what is obtunded?
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dulled or less sharp
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Wat is the MMSE?
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a tool used by physicians as a "Quick and easy MSE"
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What are the 5 areas that a MMSE tests?
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orientation
registration attention and calculation recall language |
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What is the DSM-IV TR?
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a diagnostic manual of mental disorders
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when did DSM I, II, III, III R, IV and IV TR come out?
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I-1952
II - 1968 III - 1980 III R - 1987 IV - 1994 IV TR- 2000 |
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when will DSM V be released?
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2013
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what was DSM I's claim to fame?
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first attempt at clinical uses
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what was DSM III's claim to fame?
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used for research and clinical purposes
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what is DSM IV TR's claim to fame?
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defines physical from mental illnesses
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what are the concepts of pathology according to the DSM IV TR?
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Distress
Dysfunction Dyscontrol disadvantaged Disability |
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What are NOS categories?
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depressive disorders that do not meet any of the criteria for a specific disorder
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What are the 5 levels/axis of the DSM IV TR?
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I
II III IV V |
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Axis I
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Clinical disorders
-Mood -Anxiety -Psychotic -eating -cognitive -substance related |
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Axis II
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personality disorders and mental retardation
18 + |
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Axis III
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acute medical conditions and physical disorders
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Axis IV
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Psychosocial and environmental factors that contribute to the disorder
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Axis V
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Global Assessment Scale of Functioning (1-100 in increments of 10)
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Which DSM category does Downs syndrome fall under?
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Axis III
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can DSM be used as a reference for clinical treatment options?
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Nope
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What is the risk of having schizophrenia if a sibling or parent has it?
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10%
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what is the risk of having Schiz if both parents have it?
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40%
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what is the risk of a monozygotic twin having Schiz if the other does?
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50%
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what area of the brain is primarily affected in Schiz?
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gray matter of the frontal lobe and language centers
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What receptor has reduced expression in Schiz?
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Glutamate
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which chromosomal markers as associated with Schiz?
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long arm- 5, 11, 18, 22,
short arm- 19 |
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what genes are thought to be associated with the glutamate receptors in schiz?
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6, 8, 13
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what is the population prevalence for Schiz and Bipolar?
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1%
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What is the risk of being bipolar if a sibling or parent has it?
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20%
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what is the risk of being bipolar if both parents have it?
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60%
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what is the risk of a monozygotic twin having bipolar if the other does?
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75%
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which chromosomes are associated with bipolar?
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12, 18
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which chromosomes are associated with alzheimers?
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1, 14, 21
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which chromosomes are associated with huntingtons?
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4
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what do dorsolateral, frontal lobe lesions affect?
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executive functions
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what do lesions to the orbitofrontal, frontal lobe affect?
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biological drives
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what do lesions to the medial, frontal lobe affect?
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movement
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what does the temporal lobe control?
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memory, learning, auditory processing, emotion
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what does the limbic lobe control>
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memory and coordinated emotional states
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what are two main parts of the Limbic system that were listed>?
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hippocampus
Amygdala |
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what does the parietal lobe control>?
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somatic sensation/ body image
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what does the occipital lobe control?
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vision
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what is the job of the basil ganglia?
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to relay information from the cortex to the frontal lobes
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what are the 4 structural components of the basil ganglia?
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Striatum
Pallidum Substantia nigra subthalmic nucleus |
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what happens in lesions of the left prefrontal cortex?
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depression
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what happens in lesions of the right prefrontal cortex?
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euphoria
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what type of disorders are associated with basil ganglia dysfunctions?
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tourettes
huntingtons parkinsons chorea |
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what is the left hemisphere of the brain associated with?>
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language
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what is the right side of the brain associated with>
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artistic ability, perception, facial recognition
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what is the function of the hypothalamus?
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control of emotions (rage and aggression regulator)
depression? |
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what are the 3 classes of neurotransmitters listed?
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monoamines
AA's Peptides (cell body) |
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DA irregulatities is linked to which diseases>?
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Parkinsons
Schiz mood disorders substance abuse |
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NE is tied to which diseases?
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mood
anxiety learning attention memory |
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5-HT is linked to which diseases?
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serotonin is involved in
mood anxiety sleep sexuality impulse control aggression psychosis |
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ACh is involved in?
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cognative functions
movement sleep |
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what are the AA neurotransmitters?
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GABA
Glycine Glutamate |
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what disorders is Glutamate deficiency implicated in?
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Schiz
memory epilepsy neurodegenerative |
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what are the 2 neuropeptides discussed
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enkephalins
endorphins |
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what do neuropeptides affect?
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pain
addiction mood anxiety |
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which neurotransmitters are involved with Schitzophrenia?
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DA
5-HT glutamate |
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what happens to glutamate and dopamine levels in psychosis?
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DA increases
Glutamate decreases |
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what is delirium?
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a short disturbance of consciousness in response to a cause
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what are some sympathetic responses to delirium?
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tachycardia
wide pulse pressure dialated pupils tremor |
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what is the prognosis for a person with delirium?
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drastically increased morbidity and mortality if the cause is not fixed quickly
Rapid recovery if it is |
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what are the cognative deficits of dementia?
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Amnesia
Aphasia Apraxia Agnosia |
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what is Aphasia?
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language disturbance (dementia)
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what is Apraxia?
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inability to carry out motor functions (dementia)
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what is agnosia?
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failure to recognize objects (dementia)
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what goes first in dementia?
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short term memory goes before long term
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how is dementia different from delirium?
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dementia does not:
wax and wane impair alertness cause autonomic arousal and is not acute or reversible |
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what are the 5 main causes of dementia?
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Alzheimers
vascular Lewy Pick Huntington |
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How often is dementia caused by Alzheimers?
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50 to 60% of the time
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what are the risk factors for alzheimers
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Age
downs syndrome genetics head injuries female depression |
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how common is vascular dementia?
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15 to 30% of cases
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what is vascular dementia also known as?
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multi infarct dementia
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what are the risk factors for vascular dementia?
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stroke
males in 50s or 60s with CVD or htn smokers |
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what is the major differenc between Lewy dementia and alzheimers?
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Lewy is accompanied by hallucinations and parkinsonism
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what is picks dementia?
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frontotemporal
disinhibition language impairment |
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what chromosome is linked to huntingtons dementia?
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ch 4
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what is an amnestic disorder?
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inability to learn new information or recall previously learned information
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what is the most common cause of an amnestic disorder?
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alcoholism
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What causes Wernicke-Korsokoff caused by?
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B1 deficiency, usually caused by alcoholism
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what is the "triad" for Wernicke-Karsakoff?
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confusion
ataxia opthalmoplegia |
