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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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latin- giant hogweed
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heracleum mantegazzianum
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latin- poison hemlock
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conium maculation
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latin- stinging nettles
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urtica dioica
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latin poison ivy, oak, and sumac
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toxicodendron
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latin- ordeal bean
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physostigma venenosum
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latin- castor bean
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ricinus communis
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latin- rosary pea
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abrus precatorius
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# 1 poisonous plant in Athens
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Poison ivy
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T or F plants excrete waste
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F
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Alcohol in toxicodendron
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urishol
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how many poisonous plants in world?
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700 of 400,000
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facts about Stinging Nettles
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uro means burn
male and female have small hollow glass hairs that break off on contact and cause painful sting contain histamine and formic acid histamine triggers allergic reactions formic acid is found in insect stings |
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history of stinging nettles
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brought to Europe by roman soldiers, used to stay awake on watch, and for warmth
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urtication
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to beat oneself with urtica
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folk remedy for nose bleed
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nettle snuff
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urtication used today
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arthritis
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active ingredient of poison hemlock
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coniine
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poison hemlock in greece
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capital punishment- socrates
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facts of poison hemlock
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common in ohio
relatives in carrots similar to queen anne's lace has purple speckled stems |
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alkaloids
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opposite of acidic
contains nitrogen have some effect on human body name usually ends in "ine" |
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facts of giant hogweed
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toxic to touch
now a federal noxious weed illegal to sell, grow, propagate officals can enter and kill it |
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what 2 things need to happen for giant hogweed to cause injury
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1. sap comes in contact with with skin
2. then skin needs to be exposed to sunlight, toxin activates and destroys tissue, and easily lead to blindness in eyes |
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toxic in ordeal bean
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physotigmine
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powerful nerve system stimulant
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ordeal bean
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explain ordeal trials *
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when gods were thought to watch over every action on earth before courts were popular...give poison and gods will decide future
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facts of castor bean
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not actually a bean
tropical ornamental grown for show on anti- bio terroism list toxin is ricin |
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facts of ricin
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interferes with ribosomes whose role is to make new proteins
one molecule of poison can destroy hundreds of ribosomes perhaps the most potent plant poison no antidote so poisonous it could be used to poison city water supply |
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use of castor bean
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makes castor oil
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main use of castor oil
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used as a purgative for helping digestive system
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castor oil used today
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only in most expensive lubricant oils in cars
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are castor beans grown commercially in US
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no, for safety reasons
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facts of rosary pea
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precatorius- "one who prays"
red and black, once used in bead trading, rosaries contains the toxin abrin in reality kils the same way as ricin |
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curare
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name for arrow poison
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arrow poisons
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never used in Europe or Mediterranean
common in tropics European explorers marveled at the potency of the poison |
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chondrodendron tomenosum
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chemical is tubocurarine
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facts about tubocurarine
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acts as powerful tranquilizer
extremely rapid paralysis of muscles then breathing does not enter bloodstream from stomach powerful relaxation muscles for surgery, but not commonly used today bc of its potency antidote to lock-jaw and tetanus, spastic cerebral palsy some cobra venoms are classified as curarimimetic |
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strychnine
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main ingredient of curare is from strychnos toxifera
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facts about strychnine
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central nervous system stimulant
antidote for barbiturate poisoning-constipation poisoning people(enhances all senses; terror) poison for mobs poisoning rodents no antidote for accidental poisoning |
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active ingredient in rat poison
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warfarin
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internal bleeding that causes death
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diacoumarol
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coumarin
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added to earl gray tea, perfumes, and pipe tobacco
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facts of warfarin
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slow release form
all rats see what happen vit k required for blood clotting-diacoumarol interferes with with its function- antidote=mega dose of vitamin k |
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discovery of dicoumarol
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treatment of blood clotts with careful doeses of warfarin
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glycosides
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group of chemicals that have in common a sugar molecule
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2 types of glycosides in plants
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1. cyanogenic glycosides
2. cardiac gylcosides |
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exampple of cyanogenic g;ycosided
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amygdalin- toxin in seeds and pits of apples, apricots, cherries, and peaches
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what does cyanide prohibit
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mitochondria
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death penalty in ancient egypt
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"penalty of the peach"- criminals ate pits of peaches as capital punishment
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what is laterile
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from apricot seeds, used ad cancer therapy
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steroids plus glucose equals
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cardiac glycosides (saponins)
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common shrub that contains more than 50 toxic chemicals
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Oleander (nerium oleander)- type of cardiac gylcoside
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plant used as an emetic, found in first aid kits until recently
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Ipecac- hard to find bc of abuse(bullimics)- from brazil
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first steroid used in medical field
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cortisone (hydrocortisone)
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What does cortisone treat
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asthma,poison ivy, and acne
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more facts about cortisone
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most expsensive when first came out( 1900), treats over 90 diseases
comes from animals, over 40 oxens urine for one patient |
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latin-wild yams
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dioscorea(diosgenin-toxic)
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study the use of plants in traditional setting
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ethnobotanist
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what was used in mexico to kill fish
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shredded yams
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what caused price of cortisone to fall
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60,000 tons of wild yams per year in mexico- cortisone falls to 2 dollars a gram
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what did women in mexico claim wild yams did when they ate them
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prevent pregnancy
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steroid used for contraceptive from mare's urine
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premarin
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added to water caused fish to float
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rotenone
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latin- rotenone
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derris elliptica
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facts about rotenone
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from roots comes toxin
inhibits mitochondria fish sense no energy so they come to surface to gulp air also used as insecticide organic with caution |
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# 1 human killer
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molaria
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period of time where women provided medical care
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pre-roman invasion, european culture was celtic
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when catholic church becomes central authority in europe
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470 ad
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Printing press strated what era
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Age of Herbals
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facts of age of herbals
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allow more do it yourslef medicine
must be able to read latin exotic drugs available age of patent medicines |
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university training doctors
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1660's
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samuel thompson
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blends native american and european to find physiomedicalism
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belief of physiomedicalism
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all diseases caused by cold
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another school that mixed herbal/ native american/ orthodox
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electicism
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what happened in 1906
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pure food and drug act in US requires content of patent medicines
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1914
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cocaine restricted
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1917
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opium, morphine, and heroine, resstricted
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1938
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prescription system put in place
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severe retention of water, swelling, cold to the touch, eventually drown in own retained liquids
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dropsy- today, congestive heart failure
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latin-foxglove
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digitalis purpurea
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what did william withering discovery in 1775
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women hiding secret recipie for dropsy bc of witchcraft-includes leaves of foxglove
digitalis slows heart rate |
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what is digoxin used for today
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congestive heart failure
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latin for white willow
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salix alba
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facts of white willow
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used to treat headcahe, fever, aching joints, and toothache
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salicin
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bark of white willow
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from salicin you can make
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salicylic acid
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facts of salicylic acid
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1885 chemists manufacture
big success but causes stomach ulcers today only used on skin |
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what does felix hoffman do in 1897
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synthesizes acetyl salicylic acid- pain and fever reduction, far less iritation
over 100 billion doses a year hoffman works for bayer co. and aspirin was first drug to be sold in tablet form |
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what percent of medicines and synthetic today
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75
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